聚四氢呋喃合成催化剂研究进展

论述了近期文献报导的能催化四氢呋喃开环聚合的各类催化体系, 并对不同催化体系的优缺点进行了评述。     

丙交酯开环聚合催化体系的研究进展

介绍了丙交酯开环聚合的三种反应机理:阴离子型开环聚合、阳离子型开环聚合和配位-插入开环聚合。根据其反应机理,催化剂可分为:质子酸型催化体系、路易斯酸型催化体系、碱金属催化体系、金属有机化合物催化体系、氧化物催化体系、稀土化合物催化体系及其他催化体系。此文阐述了这7种催化体系的不同特点,对其催化性能进行了比较。     

聚乳酸及其共聚物合成催化体系研究进展

综述了聚乳酸及其共聚物合成中催化体系的性能和催化效果以及催化体系对聚乳酸结构和性能的影响,探讨了聚乳酸合成的催化机理,并对聚乳酸合成中应用的催化体系的发展趋势进行了展望。     

原子转移自由基聚合的研究进展

介绍活性聚合原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)聚合机理，并综述ATRP聚合新型催化体系研究现状，最后对ATRP聚合新型催化体系的发展前景和挑战进行讨论。     

水相中催化乙烯聚合I.环糊精对聚合的影响

合成了水杨醛亚胺中性镍配合物和二乙烯基乙酰丙酮铑催化体系.研究了环糊精对催化体系在水相中催化乙烯聚合的影响.结果表明:在温度20℃,乙烯压力4.0 MPa,搅拌速率300 r/min下聚合最佳.环糊精用量为1.0 g时,聚合活性、聚乙烯(PE)相对分子质量和结晶度都增加.与在甲苯中聚合相比,聚合活性和PE相对分子质量降...     

四氢呋喃均聚醚的催化聚合工艺进展

对四氢呋喃（ＴＨＦ）聚合制备四氢呋喃均聚醚（ＰＴＭＥＧ）传统的均相催化体系及新开发的非均相催化体系分别进行了综述,重点介绍了８０年代 中期以来开发的杂多酸类（ＨＰＡ）新型催化体系在制备ＰＴＭＥＧ方面的优点。     

茂金属／硼化物催化体系用于烯烃聚合的研究进展

发茂金属／硼化物催化体系的研究进展。包括硼化物的合成、聚合机理及催化剂的结构对聚合体系的影响。     

四氢呋喃均聚醚催化研究进展

主要归纳和总结了四氢呋喃 (THF)阳离子开环聚合反应的各种催化体系 ,并对非匀相催化体系 ,尤其是杂多酸作了较为详细的叙述。     

端羟基聚环氧氯丙烷的合成与表征

比较了用于合成端羟基聚环氧氯丙烷的3种催化体系:四氯化锡、四氯化锡/三氯乙酸共催化体系、四氯化锡/三氟乙酸共催化体系,结果表明共催化剂三氟乙酸能够有效减少环状齐聚物的生成,提高产物官能度。并提出了四氯化锡/强羧酸共催化体系催化环氧氯丙烷阳离子开环聚合的机理。     

聚酯合成催化技术的研究进展

聚酯工业的进步离不开先进的催化技术。本文对聚酯合成催化体系的研究进展进行了评述。着眼于目前占主导的金属催化剂,对锑、钛、锡、锗、铝等催化剂在活性、副反应等方面所开展的金属复合、配体改性、载体负载等工作进行了总结,介绍了有机物、离子液体、酶等非金属催化体系的研究进展,并对促进聚酯合成的电、光、微波等催化辅助技术进行了评述。催化能力强、副反应少、聚合条件温和催化体系的开发有助于聚酯品质的提升,将先进的表征手段、模型研究以及聚酯构效关系规律探索结合到催化体系的研究中,可加速高效聚酯催化技术的研发。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。