Ti基IrO2+Ta2O5阳极的电化学特性

测量了Ti基IrO2 Ta2O5混合氧化物涂层的电化学阻抗谱（EIS），研究了Ti基IrO2 Ta2O5混合氧化物涂层阳极在H2SO4溶液中的电化学表面结构以及电化学行为，这种涂层阳极具有多层电化学结构，低频段的阻抗行为对应电极外表面/溶液界面的阻抗特性，高频段对应内表面/溶液界面的电化学特性和电极的物理阻抗。在析氧电位下，由于析出氧气的冲击，电极表面的总反应面积增大，而且析出的氧气对电极表面的改性受表面涂层的组织形态影响很大，由于晶粒的最细化，这种改性作用在IrO2含量为70%时最为明显，制备温度的升高使氧化物电极的多孔结构变得不明显，致密度上升以及活性表面积下降。     

CV和Tafel曲线对稀土掺杂Ti/SnO2-Sb电极电催化性能研究

采用热分解法制备了稀土Dy、Nd、Eu及Gd掺杂Ti/SnO2-Sb电极,以苯酚为目标有机物,研究了所制备电极降解有机物的性能.在500 mg/L苯酚溶液中进行了所制备电催化电极的循环伏安(CV)特性分析,研究发现4种稀土(Dy、Nd、Eu和Gd)掺杂电极中苯酚在Nd掺杂Ti/SnO2-Sb(Ti/SnO2-Sb-Nd)电极上的直接氧化的峰电流最高,为4.46 mA/cm2.在0.5 mol/L的H2SO4溶液中进行了Tafel曲线测试,4种稀土掺杂Ti/SnO2-Sb电极的析氧电位分别为2.293、2.313、2.277、2.263 V(vs.Ag/AgCl).结果表明,所制备的4种稀土掺杂电极降解苯酚的性能与采用CV和Tafel曲线方法分析的结果一致,可以采用电化学方法评价电极的电催化氧化性能.     

IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti阳极的研究进展

综述了金属氧化物涂层电极的发展现状,介绍了目前析氧领域广泛应用的铱系涂层钛电极———IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti涂层电极的特点,指出了制备过程中影响IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti涂层电极性能的因素,介绍了IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti涂层电极的改进方法,并对IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti涂层电极今后的发展方向作了展望。     

Ti/Sb-SnO2电极对透明质酸的电化学降解

采用钛基锡锑(Ti/Sb-SnO2)电极对透明质酸(HA)进行电化学降解研究,考察了电解时间、电流密度、温度、HA初始浓度、乙酸钠电解质浓度等因素对降解效果的影响,并对降解产物进行了表征。结果表明,Ti/Sb-SnO2电极的降解效果随电解时间、电流密度和温度的增加而提高,随HA初始浓度、乙酸钠浓度的增大而降低。Ti/Sb-SnO2电极降解基本不改变产物的结构和葡萄糖醛酸含量,只在其端基位置生成C=O双键。HA的断链位置可能位于其主链上的糖苷键。     

改性SnO2电极的制备及电催化性能研究

为了研究3种掺Sb、掺Ru和掺Ru、Ce钛基SnO2电极的性能,以热分解法制备了改性钛基SnO2电极.利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析方法表征了电极的表面形貌和晶体结构,通过加速寿命实验考察电极的使用寿命,并以邻硝基苯酚为目标有机物,考察了电极的电催化性能.实验结果表明:Ru和Ce的掺杂减小了晶体颗粒的尺寸;Ti/Ru-Ce-SnO2电极的使用寿命远远高于Ti/Sb-SnO2电极;用Ti/Sb-SnO2电极电催化氧化降解ONP时,溶液中的COD去除率是最高的(80.3%),比Ti/Ru-Ce-SnO2电极的去除率(78%)略高;Ti/Sb-SnO2电极对ONP的去除速率是最快的,同时Ti/Ru-Ce-SnO2电极对ONP的去除速率与前者相比相差不大.因此,Ti/Ru-Ce-SnO2具有较高的电催化性能和高的使用寿命,综合分析认为Ti/Ru-Ce-SnO2电极具有更好的应用前景.     

钛基SnO2纳米涂层电催化电极的制备及性能研究

为提高Ti/SnO2电极的电催化性能,采用溶胶-凝胶法,并结合高温热处理工艺制备了钛基SnO2纳米涂层电催化电极.以苯酚为目标污染物,考察了所制备电极的电催化性能,并采用XRD、SEM、XPS等方法研究了制备的SnO2纳米涂层电极的表面形貌、晶粒粒径、元素组成和表面元素的化学环境等.研究结果表明:由于纳米涂层具有较大的比表面积,使得所制备电极的性能较非纳米涂层的钛基二氧化锡电极大为提高,完全降解等量苯酚所需时间减少了33.3%.电极表面主要是四方相金红石结构的SnO2晶体,粒径在10 nm以下.     

Sb掺杂钛基SnO2电极的制备、表征及其电催化性能研究

采用电沉积 热氧化法制备了含有中间层的Sb掺杂钛基SnO2 电催化电极(Ti/SnO2),采用SEM、EDX以及 XRD 等检测方法对所制备电极的表面形貌、元素组成及结构进行分析,并以苯酚为目标有机物,研究所制备电极对有机污染物的电催化降解能力。研究结果表明所制备 Ti/SnO2 电极可在较短时间内将苯酚彻底降解,其较大的真实表面积以及电极中间层的存在是所制备电极性能提高的重要原因。阳极极化曲线扫描(LSV)的分析结果表明所制备的 Ti/SnO2电极具有较高的阳极析氧电位,有利于有机物的阳极氧化降解。     

钛基Co中间层SnO2电催化电极的制备及性能研究

为提高钛基二氧化锡电极的稳定性,设计并制备了含Co中间层的钛基二氧化锡电催化电极Ti/Co/SnO2,以苯酚为目标有机物,考察了所制备Ti/Co/SnO2电极电催化氧化降解苯酚的性能,并采用SEM、EDX以及XPS等检测方法分析了Ti/Co/SnO2电极表面的形貌、元素组成及元素化学态.研究结果表明,含有中间层的Ti/Co/SnO2电极其使用寿命较不含中间层的钛基二氧化锡电极Ti/SnO2大幅度提高,但其对苯酚的电催化降解活性有所下降,氧化还原电对Co2 /Co3 的存在是所制备Ti/Co/SnO2电极稳定性及电催化活性改变的主要原因.     

稀土La掺杂SnSb复合涂层Ti基电极的制备及催化性能

稀土掺杂对电极的导电性、分解温度、析氧电位和电催化活性有较大影响。以SnCl4.5H2O,Sb2O3和La(NO3)3.6H2O为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La掺杂SnSb复合涂层Ti基电极。借助SEM,XRD和EDX等检测手段对所制备电极的表面形貌、晶体结构及元素组成进行表征和分析,考察了制备电极的析氧电位及模拟苯酚废水降解效果,优化出的最优掺杂量为Sn∶Sb∶La=100.0∶10.0∶2.5(摩尔比),最佳热处理温度为550℃;用该电极处理模拟苯酚废水150min,COD去除率达到94.8%。结果表明:适量的La掺杂可提高SnO2晶粒的形核与长大速率之比,使SnSb复合电极表面晶粒细化,比表面积增大,有利于电极催化性能的改善,可为研制出适合于苯酚处理的高效阳极材料提供参考。     

热丝化学气相沉积制备BDD薄膜电极的电催化特性

研究了热丝化学气相沉积法(HFCVD)制备得到掺硼金刚石膜电极电催化氧化典型有机物苯酚的特性.Raman光谱测试显示制备BDD电极具有较好的金刚石相,循环伏安测试表明该电极具有较高的析氧过电位(+2.3V vsSCE).在电催化氧化苯酚过程中,化学需氧量(COD)能够有效去除,降解过程中有较高的电流效率,在COD较高的情况下,瞬时电流效率(ICE)可达100%,随着COD的降低ICE逐渐减少.催化实验结果表明,BDD电极是一种优良的电催化降解有机物新型电极.     

Electrochemical degradation of phenol using electrodes of Ti/RuO(2)-Pt and Ti/IrO(2)-Pt

Electrochemical degradation of phenol was evaluated at two typical anodes, Ti/RuO(2)-Pt and Ti/IrO(2)-Pt, for being a treatment method in toxic aromatic compounds. The influences of current density, dosage of NaCl, initial phenol concentration on electrochemical phenol degradation were investigated. It was found that Ti/RuO(2)-Pt anode had a higher oxygen evolution potential than Ti/IrO(2)-Pt anode, which will increase the current efficiency for electrochemical degradation, and the instantaneous current efficiency (ICE) was relatively higher at the initial time during phenol electrolysis. HOCl formed during electrolysis would play an important role on the oxidation of phenol. For the Ti/RuO(2)-Pt anode, phenol concentration decreased from around 8mg/L to zero after 30min of electrolysis with 0.3g/L NaCl as supporting electrolyte at the current density of 10mA/cm(2). Although phenol could be completely electrochemical degraded at both Ti/RuO(2)-Pt and Ti/IrO(2)-Pt anodes, phenol degradation was slower at the Ti/IrO(2)-Pt anode than at the Ti/RuO(2)-Pt anode due to the fact that passivation was to be found at the Ti/IrO(2)-Pt anode.     

Applicability of boron-doped diamond electrode to the degradation of chloride-mediated and chloride-free wastewaters

The electrochemical degradation of chloride-mediated and chloride-free dye wastewaters was investigated on a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode in comparison with that on a dimensionally stable anode (DSA), and the applicability of BDD electrode to the degradation of these two kinds of wastewaters was explored. In chloride-free wastewater, the electrochemical degradation efficiency of dye on BDD electrode was much higher than that on DSA, with a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 100% and 26% for BDD and DSA, respectively. In chloride-mediated dye wastewater, COD removal was faster than that in chloride-free wastewater on both BDD and DSA electrodes with COD removal efficiencies higher than 95%, whereas the rate of COD removal on DSA was faster than that on BDD electrode. The investigation indicates that DSA is more suitable than BDD electrode in degradation of originally chloride contained dye wastewaters for the sake of energy and time saving. However, for chloride-free dye wastewaters, with the aim of environmental protection, BDD electrode is more appropriate to realize complete mineralization. At the same time, the secondary pollution can be avoided.     

Electrochemical degradation of chlorobenzene on boron-doped diamond and platinum electrodes

In this paper the electrochemical degradation of chlorobenzene (CB) was investigated on boron-doped diamond (BDD) and platinum (Pt) anodes, and the degradation kinetics on these two electrodes was compared. Compared with the total mineralization with a total organic carbon (TOC) removal of 85.2% in 6 h on Pt electrode, the TOC removal reached 94.3% on BDD electrode under the same operate condition. Accordingly, the mineralization current efficiency (MCE) during the mineralization on BDD electrode was higher than that on the Pt electrode. Besides TOC, the conversion of CB, the productions and decay of intermediates were also monitored. Kinetic study indicated that the decay of CB on BDD and Pt electrodes were both pseudo-first-order reactions, and the reaction rate constant (k_s) on BDD electrode was higher than that on Pt electrode. The different reaction mechanisms on the two electrodes were investigated by the variation of intermediates concentrations. Two different reaction pathways for the degradation of CB on BDD electrode and Pt electrode involving all these intermediates were proposed.     

涂层成分对IrO2（5）TiO2（60）Co3O4（x）RuO2（35—x）／Ti阳极材料析氯…

用电化学和Ｘ射线衍射方法研究了氧化物涂层成分热分解法制备的ＩｒＯ２（５）ＴｉＯ２（６０）Ｃｏ３Ｏ４（ｘ）ＲｕＯ２（３５－ｘ）／Ｔｉ阳极材料析氯速率的影响．ｘ值为０－１３ｍ／ｏ时，氧化物涂层为单相金红石型固溶体，阳极析氯速率随ｘ值增加，ｘ值大于１３ｍ／ｏ时，涂层中出现尖晶石Ｃｏ３Ｏ４第二相，析氯速率随ｘ值下降。     

涂层成分对IrO_2（5）TiO_2（60）Co_3O_4（x）RuO_2（35

用电化学和Ｘ射线衍射方法研究了氧化物涂层成分对热分解法制备的ＩｒＯ２（５）ＴｉＯ２（６０）Ｃｏ３Ｏ４（ｘ）ＲｕＯ２（３５—ｘ）／Ｔｉ阳极材料析氯速率的影响．ｘ值为０－１３ｍ／ｏ时，氧化物涂层为单相金红石型固溶体，阳极析氯速率随ｘ值增加，ｘ值大于１３ｍ／ｏ时，涂层中出现尖晶石Ｃｏ３Ｏ４第二相，析氯速率随ｘ值下降．     

基于SnO2/Fe3O4粒子电极的三维电极体系的电催化性能

通过水热法合成复合金属氧化物SnO_2/Fe_3O_4粒子电极,然后采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、磁滞回线等技术分别对粒子电极的晶体组分、形貌、元素组成和分子结构以及粒子电极的磁性特征进行表征。采用循环伏安法分析了三维电极系统的电化学性能,并进行了电催化氧化降解罗丹明B(RhB)的实验。结果表明,SnO_2/Fe_3O_4粒子电极负载稳定、导电性强、便于回收再利用,有利于电催化氧化降解反应。三维电极降解罗丹明B的析氧电流高于其他电极体系,电催化活性效果明显,90min内罗丹明B的降解率为100%、TOC去除率为83%,反应中产生的·OH是降解有机物的主要活性基。粒子电极在重复利用5次的情况下,对罗丹明B的降解率仍保持93%以上、TOC去除率保持在77%以上,具有稳定的电催化性能。     

炭钌复合电极碱性电化学电容器的研究

采取溶胶凝胶法在活性炭表面合成RuO2·xH2O,经150℃热处理制得炭钌复合材料。将炭钌复合电极作为碱性电化学电容的正极,研究不同钌含量复合电极的电化学性能,实验证实,当复合电极中的钌质量分数达30%时,其比电容可从纯活性炭电极的241F/g增加到333F/g,且复合电极具有与活性炭电极同样优异的高功率放电特性;随着复合电极中钌含量的增加,电极的比电容也会相应地增加,而当电极中的钌质量分数大于10%后,水合氧化钌的贡献比电容却逐渐下降,并稳定在440F/g左右。     

Experimental design methodology applied to electrochemical oxidation of the herbicide atrazine using Ti/IrO(2) and Ti/SnO(2) circular anode electrodes

The degradation of the herbicide atrazine in aqueous medium (initial concentration of 100 μg l(-1)) has been studied by electrooxidation process using Ti/IrO(2) and Ti/SnO(2) circular anode electrodes. The performance of the electrolytic cell resulted from its capability of reacting on the pollutants by using indirect effect of electrical current where active chlorine is electrochemically generated. A factorial experimental design was firstly used for determining the influent parameters on the herbicide atrazine degradation. The current intensity and treatment time were the main influent parameters on the degradation rate. Using a 2(4) factorial matrix, the best performance for atrazine degradation (removal of 95%) was obtained by selecting Ti/IrO(2) anode operated at a current intensity of 2.0 A during 40 min of treatment time in the presence of 1.0 g Na Cl l(-1). Then, the optimal experimental parameters for atrazine degradation have been investigated by using a Central Composite methodology. Under the optimal conditions determined by this method, electrooxidation can economically be applied to oxidise atrazine (73% of degradation for a total cost of 0.057 US$m(-3)) while using Ti/IrO(2) anode operated at a current intensity of 1.4A during 22 min of treatment time in the presence of 1.0 g NaCl l(-1).     

活性炭纤维电极法处理含酚废水的研究

以活性炭纤维作为阳极,不锈钢板为阴极,采用电化学氧化法对模拟的含酚废水进行了处理.结果表明,该方法可以有效分解除去水中的苯酚,苯酚和COD的去除率均能达到95%以上,其最佳的操作条件为:pH值为3、进水苯酚浓度为500mg/L、电流密度为26mA/cm2、Na2SO4浓度为15g/L.同时,通过对比不同电极材料的降解效果,证明了具高比表面积的活性炭纤维作为电极材料,能充分将其导电、吸附、催化及稳定性能有效地结合起来,实现高效净化,具有良好的应用前景.