增强Kernel学习优化最大边缘投影的人脸识别

针对传统的流形学习算法通常只考虑样本类内几何结构而忽略类间判别信息的问题,提出一种基于增强核学习的最大边缘投影(MMP)算法。首先使用基于增强核学习非线性扩展的MMP采集人脸图像的非线性结构;然后利用核变换技术加强原始输入核函数的判别能力,并且借助于特征向量选择算法改善算法的计算效率;最后,利用基于乘性规则训练的支持向量机完成人脸的识别。在Yale、ORL、PIE三大通用人脸数据库的组合数据集及AR上的实验验证了该算法的有效性。实验结果表明,相比其他几种核学习算法,该算法取得了更好的识别效果。     

核正交判别局部正切空间对齐算法

针对现有的局部正切空间算法中存在的问题,文中提出一种基于核变换的特征提取方法——核正交判别局部正切空间对齐算法(KOTSDA)。该算法首先利用核方法将人脸图像投影到一个高维非线性空间,提取其非线性信息;然后在目标函数中利用正切空间判别分析算法在保持样本的类内局部几何结构的同时最大化类间差异;最后添加正交约束,得到核正交判别局部正切空间对齐算法。该算法不需要经过PCA降维,有效避免判别信息的丢失,在ORL和Yale人脸库上的实验验证算法有效性。     

鉴别的局部中值保持投影及其在人脸识别中的应用

针对已有的鉴别的局部保持投影算法在特征提取问题中存在的不足,提出了鉴别的局部中值保持投影,通过最大化类间距离同时最小化类内距离寻找最佳投影矩阵,并将其用于人脸识别.该算法利用样本的类中值计算类间距离,有效地保留了图像信息;设计了一种不同的相似性度量机制,以保持受噪声影响较小的类内样本之间的邻域关系,从而进一步加强识别效果的鲁棒性.最后通过在ORL,Yale及AR人脸库上的实验,验证了文中算法的有效性.     

基于线性判别回归的最近-最远子空间分类鲁棒人脸识别

针对人脸识别中小样本问题导致类依赖子空间不完善而严重影响识别性能的问题,提出一种基于线性判别回归的最近-最远子空间分类算法。首先,基于线性判别回归,利用最近子空间分类器度量测试图像与单一类之间的关系;然后,利用所提出的最远子空间分类器度量测试图像与训练图像之间的关系;最后,结合最近、最远子空间分类器,利用类依赖子空间的不同特性完成人脸的分类识别。在三个公开的人脸数据库ORL、AR及扩展Yale B上的实验验证了该算法的有效性。实验结果表明,相比其他几种分类算法,该算法取得了更好的识别效果。     

基于KL距离的KPCA人脸识别算法

针对核主成分分析（KPCA）人脸识别算法中对全局特征变化敏感和忽略局部特征的问题,研究了一种基于KL距离的KPCA人脸识别算法。利用KL距离定义了类间距离和类内差异,设定了一个非线性优化函数来最大化类间距离,同时最小化类内差异,使提取的特征更为紧凑可分,并将其应用于KPCA算法中,利用ORL人脸图像库对算法的性能进行了测试。实验结果表明,该算法相对于传统KPCA算法具有更好的识别效果和稳定性。     

有监督的无参数核局部保持投影及人脸识别

针对发掘人脸图像中的高维非线性结构,将加核及构造无参数近邻图两种思想同时引入到局部保持投影算法中,在有监督的模式下,提出了一种新的有监督的无参数核局部保持投影(Parameter-less Supervised Kernel Locality Preserving Projection,PSKLPP)算法并给出了其推导过程。该算法通过将欧氏距离改为对离群数据更为鲁棒的余弦距离,构造无参数近邻图,利用核方法提取人脸图像中的非线性信息,并将其投影在一个高维非线性空间,运用局部保持投影算法得到一线性映射,有效避免了在计算相似矩阵过程中面临的复杂参数选择问题。在ORL和Yale人脸库上的仿真实验验证了所提算法的有效性。     

基于Fisher准则改进线性判别回归分类的人脸识别

为了提高线性回归分类LRC(Linear Regression Classification)算法的鲁棒性,提出一种基于Fisher准则改进的线性判别回归分类算法。首先根据Fisher准则最大化类间重建误差与类内重建误差的比值,为LRC找到最优投影矩阵;然后利用最优投影矩阵将训练图像及测试图像投影到各个类的特征子空间;最后,计算出测试图像与各个训练图像之间的欧氏距离,并利用K-近邻分类器完成人脸的识别。在FERET和AR人脸数据库上的实验验证了本文算法的有效性。实验结果表明,相比其他回归分类算法,该算法取得了更好的识别效果。     

通用学习框架改进核PCA的单样本人脸识别

针对传统的人脸识别算法在每个人只有单个训练样本时识别性能严重下降的问题,提出了通用学习框架改进核主成分分析的单样本人脸识别算法。首先,选取一个合适的通用训练样本集,将各个单训练样本与通用训练样本集中某人的多训练样本按比例叠加;然后,利用经典的KPCA算法进行特征提取,将所有叠加后的训练样本和测试样本投影到特征子空间;最后,使用最近邻分类器完成最终的人脸识别。在Yale及FERET两大通用人脸数据库上的实验结果表明,相比其他几种较为先进的人脸识别算法,该算法取得了更好的单样本识别效果。     

基于主动表观模型的稀疏聚类人脸识别算法

在复杂的非人脸成分干扰以及训练样本过大、训练样本之间相似度较高的条件下,原始稀疏表示分类(SRC)算法识别准确率较低。针对上述问题,提出一种基于主动表观模型的稀疏聚类(CS-AAM)人脸识别算法。首先,利用主动表观模型快速、准确地对人脸特征点进行定位,获取主要人脸信息;然后,对训练样本进行K-means聚类,将相似程度高的图像分为一类,计算聚类中心,将该中心作为原子构造过完备字典并进行稀疏分解;最后,计算稀疏系数和重构残差对人脸图像进行分类、识别。将该算法与最近邻(NN)、支持向量机(SVM)、稀疏表示分类(SRC)、协同表示分类(CRC)人脸识别算法在ORL和Extended Yale B人脸数据库上对不同样本数及不同维数的人脸图像分别进行识别率测试,在相同样本数或相同维数情况下CS-AAM算法识别率均高于其他算法。在ORL人脸库中选取样本数为210时,相同维数条件下CS-AAM算法识别率为95.2%;在Extended Yale B人脸库上选取样本数为600时,CS-AAM算法识别率为96.8%。实验结果表明,该算法能够有效地提高人脸图像的识别准确率。     

基于改进人工蜂群算法与MapReduce的大数据聚类算法

针对大数据聚类算法计算效率与聚类性能较低的问题,提出了一种基于改进人工蜂群算法与MapReduce的大数据聚类算法。将灰狼优化算法与人工蜂群算法结合,同时提高人工蜂群算法的搜索能力与开发能力,该策略能够有效地提高聚类处理的性能;采用混沌映射与反向学习作为ABC种群的初始化策略,提高搜索的解质量;将聚类算法基于Hadoop的MapReduce编程模型实现,通过最小化类内距离的平方和实现对大数据的聚类处理。实验结果表明,该算法有效地提高了大数据集的聚类质量,同时加快了聚类速度。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.