多孔零件二维几何量高精检测系统的研究

为了提高工业零件检测效率和测量精度,研究了基于图像检测技术的多孔零件二维几何量的测量问题.先对CCD获取的零件图像进行分析处理以改善图像的可识别性,采用基于二次曲线拟合的快速亚像素边缘定位算法快速提取零件的精确边缘,从而提高系统的测量精度,并运用Hough变换计算被测零件的几何参数.实测结果表明,该系统的测量精度和准确度高,边缘定位精度达0.1 pixel,检测精度达101μm,最大相对误差为0.4%.     

基于计算机视觉的数字刀具测量系统研究

刀具的几何参数是影响数控机床加工精度和生产效率的重要因素。研究了基于计算机视觉检测技术的高精度刀具测量系统,分析了运行原理和功能模块,对关键技术做了论述。系统实现了对刀具的刀尖切削特征点、圆弧半径和切削角参数的自动精确测量,并将数值反馈到数控机床刀具数据库,具有较高的效率、精度和自动化程度。实验结果证明,系统测量重复性精度可达3μm。     

数字查片仪的调焦原理及实现方法

在全自动查片仪系统中，调焦系统是其重要细成部分，在对眼镜片参数的测量中能实现自动对焦。本文介绍了全自动数字查片仪的自动调焦原理，并对其实现方法进行了设计，实现了查片仪的自动调焦和眼镜片各项参数的测量。     

一种基于双目视觉的奥制齿轮刀具参数测量方法

将双目视觉技术应用于奥利康齿制螺旋锥齿轮铣刀盘刀具的参数测量,通过双目标定获得系统的内外参数,并对待测刀具图像进行双目极线校正;提取待测刀具图像边缘轮廓并采用最小二乘法对直线边缘进行拟合,将共面直线交点作为匹配特征点,依据理想平行双目视觉系统三维重建方法求出刀具特征点的三维空间点坐标;利用空间点和空间平面的位置关系求取奥制齿轮刀具参数,通过实验对算法进行验证,实验结果证明了该测量方法的有效性,并具有一定的实际应用价值。     

计算机视觉检测中自动调焦算法的研究

为了提高计算机视觉检测系统的精度与效率,对几种典型的自动调焦算法进行详细对比与分析,提出一种改进的新型复合式自动调焦算法:首先利用灰度变化率和函数分段线性插值实现函数大范围快速粗调焦;再利用梯度向量平方函数二次插值实现函数峰值点附近微小区域的精确调焦;对改进调焦算法进行测试并做出客观分析。实验结果表明,改进后的算法自动调焦精度高、速度快,且搜索范围大、通用性强,已在数字刀具测量仪中成功应用。     

图像处理技术在车铣刀参数测量中的研究与应用*

为了实现车刀和铣刀参数自动视觉检测,阐述了刀具图像轮廓特征提取方法及其在刀具参数测量中的应用。利用M atlab软件对刀具图像进行了灰度化、滤波、二值化、亚像素边缘检测、特征提取、角点检测等技术处理。对刀具轮廓特征点进行提取,采用了最小二乘法对刀具的轮廓进行拟合,得出相关的直线方程。根据直线间的位置关系,确定了刀具轮廓的直径,角度等相关参数。测量结果表明,较传统的测量方法相比,这种方法提高了刀具参数的测量精度,为刀具检测仪在线自动化测量奠定理论基础。     

手眼系统中刀具刀头位姿标定与视觉引导

在服务机器人的日常任务中要求机械手抓取不同的目标,且根据目标的放置位姿的不同需要从相应角度进行抓取,但机械手与手持目标的位姿关系往往难以精确和直接地测量。以刀具作为手持目标,利用eye-in-hand手眼系统抓取该目标后,在线标定手眼与手持刀具刀头的位姿关系,首先给出了摄像机调焦前后焦距标定的计算方法,再将调整焦距视为摄像机沿光轴的平移运动,通过调焦前后摄像机获取的两幅图像,标定出刀具在摄像机和机械手坐标系下的位姿,同时给出了刀具刀头到期望加工点的导向矢量计算方法。     

刀具轮廓亚像素精度阈值分割算法研究

摘 要：提取亚像素精度边缘轮廓是完成刀具几何参数精确测量的重要环节。该文研究了一种简单有效的方法,该算法基于灰度阈值分割定位像素级边缘,并经双线性插值法细分完成亚像素边缘轮廓的提取。最后设计实验对比分析了该算法以及基于Canny和Sobel算子的亚像素边缘检测算法所提取轮廓的特点。结果表明在准确的前提下,对高对比度图像应用该算法后,能比后两者更快速地完成边缘轮廓提取。     

八角光纤端面几何参数测量算法设计

针对传统的八角光纤端面的几何参数测量效率低下且精度不高的问题,设计了一种基于机器视觉的八角光纤端面几何参数测量算法。使用数字图像处理技术,利用亚像素轮廓检测算法对八角光纤包层端面进行边缘提取与分割,设计有效轮廓筛选算法,设定相关筛选参数以去除无效边缘,提出辅助线参数测量法,完成八角光纤端面几何参数测量。为验证算法重复性,针对多组图像进行几何参数测量实验,测量结果显示几何参数的重复性平均值约为0.015μm;实验结果表明：该算法易于操作且达到企业技术指标要求。     

基于图像检测技术的光纤插针内孔几何参数测量仪

为了测量光纤插针内孔的几何参数,研制了一种基于图像检测技术的非接触式光纤插针内孔几何参数测量系统。该测量仪将待测的光纤插针固定于显微平台上,由CCD摄像头摄取经显微成像系统放大的内孔图像,并通过数字图像采集卡传输到计算机内存中,然后,对其进行图像预处理与Canny边缘检测,采用参量式变形模板法等算法,精确测量出光纤插针内孔的各项几何参数。该测量仪可用于光纤插针的生产控制。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.