基于EEMD和ICA的单通道列车信号盲分离

针对列车混合故障的诊断,提出了一种基于集合平均经验分解（EEMD）和独立分量分析（ICA）的盲分离诊断方法。通过EEMD算法将混合信号分解为包含不同源信号特征的本征模态函数（IMF）,组成新的多维信号;用主成分分析准确估计源信号个数,解决了单通道信号盲分离的欠定问题;利用快速独立分量分析（Fast-ICA）算法实现了信号的盲分离。实验信号分别采用仿真信号和列车实验信号进行实验,实验结果表明,该算法可以有效地分离出列车的单故障信号。     

成像光谱技术的古画隐藏信息提取

目的 古画隐藏信息是包含在画作中的一种微弱信息,对于文物鉴定与修复具有非常重要的意义,如何快速无损准确提取古画中微弱的隐藏信息是目前研究和应用的一大技术难题,本文利用高光谱成像技术快速无损提取古画隐藏信息。方法 对古画进行高光谱扫描成像,得到短波红外波段（1 000~2 500 nm）的高光谱立方体数据,联合多种光谱匹配技术分析古画中人物头冠颜料种类;利用主成分分析技术,提取古画头冠周围涂抹痕迹。结果 通过多种光谱匹配算法对颜料进行分析,确定了颜料种类,并对匹配算法进行了对比,结果表明在颜料混合的情况下,光谱匹配算法仍能够有效的识别出混合颜料的端元种类,光谱信息散度与光谱角的匹配算法SID_SA匹配精度可以达到0.096,相比其他匹配算法,效果最好;利用主成分分析技术分层剥离主要背景信息后,头冠周围位于画作底层的涂抹信息得到了加强,可以有效地区分背景颜料信息与涂抹信息,提取隐藏信息。结论 高光谱分析技术对古画隐藏信息的提取有很好地识别效果,能够准确提取绘画颜料种类,发现绘画过程中的涂抹等痕迹,特别适用于混合颜料的种类识别与画作底层信息提取,发掘画作隐藏信息,为文物保护修复与鉴定提供支持。     

盲信号分离算法处理色谱重叠峰

盲信号分离算法可以实现重叠化学信号分离。在色谱分析中对盲信号分离命题进行解释,提出独立成分分析的独立成分对应分离的单位色谱峰,混合矩阵的元素对应各组分含量的单位比值。构造两组分的模拟色谱重叠峰作为计算验证,测定正己烷／正庚烷混合体系的色谱重叠峰作为实验验证。经过模拟和实验验证,对色谱分析中的重叠峰,进行各组分比例不同的多次测定,测定次数大于或等于组分数目,采用信号盲分离算法可以求出各组分的单位色谱峰,并确定重叠峰内各组分的相对含量。     

基于独立成分分析的反卷积新方法

基于独立成分分析方法进行了反卷积研究。独立成分分析算法中要求混合的观测信号不少于从这些观测信号中分离出的独立成分数。针对反卷积中混合的观测信号路数不满足上述条件的问题,提出了一种新的基于独立成分分析的反卷积方法,该方法通过对输入信号进行变换构造出新的观测信号,并对卷积模型进行非线性变换,采用独立成分分析算法实现解卷积混叠。仿真实验结果表明,该方法具有较好的性能,并能实现对信道瞬态响应信号的提取。     

核独立成分分析在图像处理中的应用*

简要介绍了盲源分离技术和独立成分分析的基本思想.阐述和讨论了核函数和核独立成分分析(KICA)的基本原理,详细介绍了基于核典型相关性分析的核独立成分分析的基本算法.用KICA对一维混合信号的分离进行了模拟实验,目的是验证KICA的优越性能.之后通过实验分别讲述了KICA在自然图像和遥感影像处理的应用.最后指出了ICA所固有的分离结果的序号和幅度不确定性的问题.实验表明,KICA能够很好地分离混合图像,而且经处理的遥感影像能够更清晰地反映地表情况.     

一种结合信噪比的独立成分分析算法

针对传统独立成分分析算法存在的不足,在简要介绍独立成分分析的基本原理和相关算法的基础上,提出一种结合负熵与信噪比的独立成分分析法.推导了算法的关键公式,给出了实现算法,并进行了计算机仿真实验,分别使用传统算法和改进算法对模拟产生的合成数据进行分离.通过对实验结果进行的计算分析表明了所提出的改进算法比基于负熵的传统算法具有更佳的信号分离能力,能更好地从混合信号中估计出源信号.     

基于最短路径和自然梯度的过完备ICA算法

独立成分分析(ICA)是一种在给出的随机向量中找出统计独立的数据的统计方法，而过完备独立成分分析则是ICA问题中的一类特殊的情形，它要的源信号的数目比观测信号的数目要多。该文提出了一种基于最短路径算法和自然梯度的解决过完备独立成分分析的新算法Turbo-overcomplete。该算法采用了最短路径方法来推断源信号和采用自然梯度的方法来学习基向量，并采用Turbo-overcomplete算法来进行语音信号分离的实验，并把实验结果与现在的一些过完备独立成份分析算法进行了比较。     

独立成分分析算法及其在脑电图中的应用

研究脑电图成像的数据处理问题时,独立成分分析(ICA)是一种新的信号处理统计方法,被广泛用于各个领域.脑电图就是,利用独立成分分析从混合信号中还原出源信号,通过目标函数,如极大似然估计,信息最大化和互信息最小化等,对源信号的概率密度函数(PDF)进行估计.在基于互信息最小化算法的基础上,提出一种新的独立成分分析算法,算法中的核心参数是由信号本身来确定的,能使所估计的PDF更加准确,从而提高分离的性能.最后,用新的ICA算法来实现脑电图(EEG)信号的盲源分离,结果表明,算法可以快速有效的分离其源信号,且准确性优于Boscolo提出的非参量ICA模型.     

基于子带分解的语音分离算法研究

提出一种有效解决不相互独立语音源信号混合的分离算法.利用子带分解方法,将混合信号分解成多个子带信号,在各个子带上分别进行语音分离得出语音分离信号,利用提出的相关性能指数,判断出相互独立的子带信号,把该子带的分离矩阵作为混合信号的解混合矩阵对混合信号进行分离.实验证明了本算法对相关语音源信号较好的分离效果.     

基于Givens变换矩阵的时间结构信号盲源分离新算法

对于时间结构信号的盲源分离(Blind Source Separation,BSS),独立成分分析(Independent Component Analysis,ICA)是十分有效的方法。在对观测信号白化处理后,ICA的关键是寻找去除高阶相关性的正交分离矩阵。鉴于任意维数正交矩阵可以表示为Givens变换矩阵的乘积,提出了一种新的时间结构信号盲源分离算法。首先,利用Givens变换矩阵参数化表示正交分离矩阵,减少了要估计参数的个数;其次,以多步时延协方差矩阵的联合近似对角化为目标函数,将盲源分离问题转化为无约束优化问题,并利用拟牛顿法中的BFGS算法对Givens变换矩阵中的参数进行估计,得到分离矩阵;最后,以实际的混合语音信号分离做仿真实验,验证了该算法对时间结构信号的盲源分离是有效的。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.