GFRP筋与砂浆动态黏结应力分布研究

玻璃纤维复合材料(GFRP)筋土钉在支护结构中的受力规律及作用机理是有待深入研究的问题。针对饱和聚酯基GFRP筋与砂浆黏结力作用,采用150 mm×150 mm×1 000 mm砂浆试块锚固GFRP筋体,开展循环拉拔性能实验。利用应变片监测拉拔中筋体受力,并以此来分析筋体受力分布规律,并比较各循环阶段的受力。结果表明,随着循环次数增加,GFRP筋与砂浆黏结应力峰值有逐渐向拉拔端移动的趋势:0~10 cm段所承担黏结力随着循环次数增加,从34%增长到69%。并且筋体与砂浆的黏结力主要存在于锚固段前20 cm处。前三次拉拔,前20 cm所承担的黏结应力分别为56%、70%、82%。进入第四次循环后,10 cm段砂浆对筋体约束降低,其所占比值也开始随之降低至62%、67%。     

基坑土钉墙支护变形研究

通过对深圳市金稻田国际广场基坑支护变形的分析研究,总结在基坑开挖时,土钉的受力机理及变形规律,为今后土钉墙支护技术在基坑开挖及支护工程中的应用具有十分现实的意义。     

基于细观结构的GFRP筋拉伸试验分析

对不同基体的长纤维复合材料(GFRP)筋开展拉伸强度试验,借助SEM观察筋体各阶段受力下的细观结构,得到关于拉伸性能作用的结论。实验可知,乙烯基GFRP筋与不饱和聚酯基GFRP筋相比具有更优的材料复合结构和界面,乙烯基筋体裂纹扩展的受荷强度比不饱和聚酯基筋高;GFRP筋在荷载作用下先是基体材料的裂纹扩展或者少数纤维的断裂,随着基体达到极限强度,裂纹开始由局部扩展至较大范围,直到筋体表面;在荷载强度达到破坏荷载的80%以上时,筋体细观结构表现出纤维与基体明显的剥离,筋体破坏与纤维和基体之间的剥离有较紧密的关系。     

基于极差分析法的基坑参数优化研究

结合淄博市舒香苑项目的基坑工程实践,采用正交试验建立了土钉支护结构内部整体稳定性安全的计算模型,利用极差分析方法分析了基坑开挖深度、基坑周围建(构)筑物距离基坑开挖边缘的水平距离、开挖土层的弹性模量、土层的粘聚力、土层的内摩擦角等因素之间的关系,得到了一些具有价值的分析结果,为土钉支护优化设计提供了重要依据,对淄博地区土钉支护设计和施工具有一定的指导意义。     

市政工程深基坑支护施工常见问题及应对措施

深基坑支护结构施工的质量对基坑的稳定性以及工程项目整体安全具有重要作用,常见的深基坑支护技术包括土层锚杆支护、土钉支护、护坡桩支护、搅拌桩支护和地下连续墙支护。市政工程深基坑支护施工过程中常见问题有支护结构设计难度大、地层岩土体复杂程度高、理论计算与实际受力不符、支护与开挖不协调以及施工不规范。可以采取重视前期勘察、严格控制材料质量、解决现场安全问题、加强施工人员教育以及强化质量控制和监督等应对措施,实现深基坑施工质量的提升,为市政工程的安全和稳定提供重要保障。。     

GFRP筋拉伸力学性能与破坏形态试验分析

对不同尺寸和纤维含量条件下的螺纹纤维筋进行研究,利用一次性拉伸和循环拉伸试验,观察筋体在受力中表观特征和应力的对应关系,对比分析玻璃纤维增强复合材料（GFRP）筋体1/2和1/4处的应力应变关系。结果表明,GFRP筋达到一定的应力时筋体出现裂纹,裂纹开展从筋体套筒附近开始,并随着应力增加而向中间扩展,在破坏前随应力减小而逐渐闭合;裂纹在筋体破坏前纵向发展,在达到破坏荷载时裂纹呈现横向参差不齐的断裂破坏特征;材料的弹性模量稳定,泊松比受加载循环影响而减小;不同纤维含量的GFRP筋会有不同的破坏荷载和破坏形态;筋体的破坏性质介于脆性破坏和塑性破坏之间;直径为20mm和直径为25mm筋体利用效率最高,是较为优化的筋体尺寸类型。     

碱性环境下不同基体材料GFRP筋的拉伸性能试验研究

玻璃纤维增强聚合物(Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer,简称"GFRP")筋作为一种替代钢筋的新型建筑材料已在混凝土结构中开始使用,研究在模拟混凝土的碱性溶液中,不同基体材料的GFRP筋在90 d浸泡周期内的腐蚀机理、破坏机理及拉伸强度、弹性模量等拉伸力学性能的变化规律。试验结果表明:两种基体材料GFRP筋的典型破坏形式大致相同,均为丝束状炸开的脆性破坏;基体材料为不饱和聚酯树脂基的GFRP筋的拉伸强度会不断降低,弹性模量前期稍有增长,后期也不断降低,最终浸泡周期达到90 d时,其拉伸强度和弹性模量的衰减均低于标准的最低要求;基体材料为乙烯基酯树脂的GFRP筋的拉伸强度会不断降低,但衰减速率要低于基体材料为不饱和聚酯树脂的GFRP筋,而弹性模量变化并不明显,最终浸泡周期达到90 d时,抗拉强度和弹性模量均满足标准规定的最低要求。     

基于主筋轴力长期监测的连拱隧道浅埋段中隔墙受力特性研究

为了研究双连拱隧道浅埋段中隔墙的受力特性，依托兴义北环线马岭峡谷隧道，在隧道施工全过程对其浅埋段K10+125断面的中隔墙主筋轴力进行监测分析。分析发现中隔墙各主筋轴力监测点轴力的发展呈现出明显的阶段性特征，其中先行洞靠近中隔墙部分上台阶开挖与初支、后行洞靠近中隔墙部分上台阶与下台阶开挖与初支对中隔墙受力有比较大的影响；先行洞（右洞）靠近中隔墙部分上台阶开挖与初支阶段是造成中隔墙偏压的主要原因；在整个施工过程中中隔墙主筋最大轴向压力不超过25kN，其压应力不超过65MPa，混凝土压应力不超过8MPa，远低于材料的极限压应力。这说明材料强度并不会对中隔墙受力造成影响，水平荷载造成隧道浅埋段中隔墙的稳定性问题才是关键。     

深基坑开挖中出现事故的处理措施

随着建筑工程的发展,基础埋深也随着增加,有的建筑的基础开挖深度达20m左右,这样对深基坑开挖的施工技术也提出了更高、更严的要求。深基坑开挖施工是一个高风险的系统工程,即使在开挖前对地质进行了详细的勘察,对基坑支护设计和施工方案进行了审核确定。     

填充墙对GFRP筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能的影响

为研究填充墙对玻璃纤维增强复合材料(GFRP,Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer)筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能的影响,设计制作了两个以GFRP筋作为梁柱主筋三层两跨的1/4缩尺框架模型,进行地震模拟振动台试验。其中模型一为无填充墙的GFRP筋混凝土框架结构,模型二为在三个外立面砌筑填充墙的GFRP筋混凝土框架结构。结果表明：GFRP筋替代钢筋作为混凝土框架结构梁柱受力加强筋,不仅表现出良好的受力性能,同时还表现出良好的变形性能和变形可恢复性能,可以有效提高结构的抗震性能;填充墙与结构之间相互连接、互相制约形成新的协同工作体系,改变了原有框架结构的受力机理,共同承担外部地震荷载;填充墙的存在增强了框架结构的整体刚度,提高了结构的抗震性能,减小了结构的损伤程度,具有较好的抗震能力和抗倒塌能力;建议设计时充分考虑填充墙对框架结构的受力变形性能影响,优化抗震构造措施,保证结构经济与安全。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。