混合云环境下基于属性的密文策略加密方案

针对现有云存储的数据和访问控制的安全性不高,从而造成用户存储的敏感信息被盗取的现象,结合现有的基于密文策略属性加密（CP-ABE）方案和数据分割的思想,提出了一个基于混合云的高效数据隐私保护模型。首先根据用户数据的敏感程度将数据合理分割成不同敏感级别的数据块,将分割后的数据存储在不同的云平台上,再根据数据的安全级别,进行不同强度的加密技术进行数据加密。同时在敏感信息解密阶段采取“先匹配后解密”的方法,并对算法进行了优化,最后用户进行一个乘法运算解密得到明文。在公有云中对1 Gb数据进行对称加密,较单节点提高了效率一倍多。实验结果表明：该方案可以有效保护云存储用户的隐私数据,同时降低了系统的开销,提高了灵活性。     

基于密文策略属性基加密算法的云存储数据更新方法

针对云计算数据易遭非法窃取和恶意篡改问题,提出一种支持动态更新操作的密文策略的属性基加密方案（DU-CPABE）。首先利用线性分割思想将数据分成固定大小的数据块,然后采用密文策略属性基加密（CP-ABE）算法对各数据块进行加密,最后提出一种Address-Merkle Hash Tree（A-MHT）搜索树结构,借助A-MHT快速定位数据块实现云服务器中数据动态更新。经理论分析验证了方案的安全性,而且在理想信道中的仿真实验结果显示,在更新次数为5时,此方案相比CP-ABE方案的数据更新时间开销平均下降幅度为14.6%。实验结果表明：DU-CPABE方案在云计算服务中数据动态更新这一过程能够有效地减小数据更新的时间开销,同时降低系统开销。     

一种基于数据分割与分级的云存储数据隐私保护机制

云存储系统数据管理权和所有权的分离导致数据安全和隐私保护难题。传统的基于单纯加密技术的云存储数据隐私保障机制在实际的数据操作过程中带来了较大的系统开销。为了以低开销实现云存储系统中异地托管数据的隐私保护机制,提出了一种基于数据分割与分级的云存储数据隐私保护机制。机制首先将数据合理分割为大小数据块;再分别将小块数据和大块数据部署在本地和异地;然后按数据不同的安全级别需求,联合采用数据染色和不同强度的数据加密技术进行数据染色或加密,以在保护云存储用户数据隐私的同时,提高灵活性,降低系统开销。     

云存储环境下支持策略变更的CP-ABE方案

近年来,CP-ABE作为适用于云存储环境的访问控制机制,成为研究热点。由于现有的基于CP-ABE的访问控制方案在云存储环境下不支持系统属性灵活变更,利用云存储服务提供者的存储及计算资源优势,基于AB-ACER方案提出了支持系统属性灵活撤销及恢复的云存储访问控制方案。该方案通过引入虚拟属性来支持云存储环境下访问策略属性的撤销及恢复,且仅由存储服务提供者进行少量的重加密计算。安全及性能分析表明,该方案不仅支持数据属主访问策略的灵活变更,还保持了原有方案的安全性及细粒度访问控制,同时大大降低了数据属主的计算开销。     

基于CP-ABE和XACML多权限安全云存储访问控制方案

为了保护云存储系统中用户数据的机密性和用户隐私,提出了一种基于属性加密结合XACML框架的多权限安全云存储访问控制方案。通过CP-ABE加密来保证用户数据的机密性,通过XACML框架实现基于属性细粒度访问控制。云存储系统中的用户数据通过对称加密机制进行加密,对称密钥采用CP-ABE加密。仿真实验表明,该方案是高效灵活并且安全的。安全性分析表明,该方案能够抵抗共谋攻击,具有数据机密性以及后向前向保密性。     

云存储中基于代理重加密的CP-ABE访问控制方案

针对云存储中基于密文策略的属性加密（CP-ABE）访问控制方案存在用户解密开销较大的问题,提出了一种基于代理重加密的CP-ABE （CP-ABE-BPRE）方案,并对密钥的生成方法进行了改进。此方案包含五个组成部分,分别是可信任密钥授权、数据属主、云服务提供商、代理解密服务器和数据访问者,其中云服务器对数据进行重加密,代理解密服务器完成大部分的解密计算。方案能够有效地降低用户的解密开销,在保证数据细粒度访问控制的同时还支持用户属性的直接撤销,并解决了传统CP-ABE方案中因用户私钥被非法盗取带来的数据泄露问题。与其他CP-ABE方案比较,此方案对访问云数据的用户在解密性能方面具有较好的优势。     

基于分割的云存储医疗大数据分级保密模型设计

为提高在云存储环境中具有密度高、关联复杂的医学大数据安全保密级别,基于数据分割和等级关联结构,以数据加密的隐私保护算法为支持,提出了一种新的大数据资源的隐私保密模式.从云环境下医疗大数据特征入手,分析云存储中数据隐私保护机制,提出基于分割的云存储数据分级保密模型,大大提高了数据的安全性.研究表明,该模型可以有效保护数据安全和隐私,提高云端数据的安全程度及提高执行效率.     

政务云环境下数据隐私保护方法研究与设计

随着政务云的广泛使用，政务数据隐私安全问题逐渐被重视，传统的数据加密方法不足以解决日趋复杂的数据隐私安全问题。针对政务云环境下隐私保护需求，本文通过对数据隐私安全风险和现状进行分析，研究了隐私保护关键技术，结合实际的政务数据应用特点和安全机制，设计了基于角色的隐私保护访问控制模型，并结合云服务提供商、数据拥有者、可信访问控制中心和数据访问者等云环境中的不同角色主体的安全需求，构建了隐私保护总体框架和隐私保护策略，设计了隐私保护访问控制流程，最后对该模型的安全性进行分析，为政务云环境下的数据安全和数据隐私保护提供借鉴。     

密文策略属性加密中的撤销控制方案

在云环境下使用数据共享功能时，由于云环境的复杂性，需要对数据进行安全保护和访问控制，这就要求使用加密机制。基于密文策略属性的加密（CP-ABE）是当前广泛使用的加密机制，它可以根据用户的属性来设置访问权限，任何具有合格访问权限的用户都可以访问数据。然而云是一个动态环境，有时可能只允许具有访问权限用户中的一部分用户访问数据，这就需要用户权限的撤销机制。然而，在CP-ABE中，访问权撤销或用户撤销是一个冗长且代价高昂的事件。所提出方案根据对CP-ABE流程的改进，在原密文中嵌入了可灵活控制的用户个人秘密，使得用户权限撤销时既不要求使用新访问策略的用户撤销数据，也不要求对数据进行重新加密，大幅减少撤销时的计算成本。与知名CP-ABE撤销方案对比，所提出方案的计算成本更低且具有良好的安全性。     

基于数据分割的云存储中数据的安全共享

针对云环境中第三方服务器不可信的问题,提出一种基于数据分割的密钥聚合加密方法.利用数据分割的思想将文件分割为大数据和多个小数据块,采用密钥聚合加密算法分别加密后将文件分块存储在云端.文件共享时,提取多个数据块的密钥为一个聚合密钥,实现一个密钥对多个文件的解密.进行理论分析及仿真实验,结果表明该方案可以降低对第三方服务商的可信要求,在数据共享时减轻了密钥的传输开销,仅需一个固定长度的聚合密钥即可.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.