一种配置有固定波长变换器的OPS节点性能分析

提出一种新型的光分组交换（OPS）节点结构,即OFBFWC（Optical packet switch with Feedback Buffer and Fixed Wavelength Converter）交换结构,它使用固定波长变换器和反馈式的光缓存来解决光分组的冲突。为了提高OFBFWC的性能,还提出一种有效的控制算法。最后,使用仿真实验的方法对OFBFWC的性能进行评估。     

共享式光缓存中的控制策略

在光分组交换（0PS）节点结构中,由光纤延迟线（FDL）所构成的光缓存是解决光分组冲突的一种非常有效的方法。对于共享式FDL光缓存,由于FDL竞争的出现会导致光缓存性能的恶化。为了有效利用光缓存,需要对光缓存资源的分配进行有效的控制。为此,针对共事式FDL光缓存,提出一种有效的光缓存控制策略,即有限贪婪模式（limited greedy mode,LGM）缓存控制策略。使用仿真实验的方法对LGM的性能进行了评估。     

慢光缓存器及其在光分组交换中的应用

将一种新的光缓存技术--慢光可变延时缓存器,与可调波长转换器结合,构成光分组交换模型.简要分析了慢光缓存器的时延特性,并对其解决信息网络交换拥塞进行了应用设计与仿真,分析结果表明,慢光缓存器与光纤延迟线缓存相比较,不仅能更有效地降低丢包率,而且还可以简化光分组交换的结构,其体积更小,使用更灵活.     

高速光交换机竞争解决机制研究

在光分组交换网络中,当同一时刻有两个或两个以上的分组以同一波长从同一端口离开光交换节点时就会出现分组竞争,采用不同的竞争解决方法对光分组交换网络性能会产生巨大影响.在光分组交换中解决竞争主要有光缓存、波长变换、偏射路由三种方式.详细阐述了这三种竞争解决方法的原理、实现方式及特点,并对今后发展趋势做出展望.     

光分组交换网络中的竞争解决策略

在光分组交换网络中,如果同一时刻有两个以上的分组要以同一波长从同一输出端口离开光交换机就会产生竞争,如何解决光分组竞争将会对光分组交换网络的性能产生巨大影响.通常,解决光分组竞争的方法有光缓存、波长变换和偏射路由等三种.文章详细阐述了这三种竞争解决方法的原理、实现方式及特点.     

空分交换型OPS节点技术

光分组交换(OPS:Optical Packet Switching)核心交换节点结构的设计直接影响着光分组交换网络的性能.文章以空分交换型OPS核心交换节点结构为研究对象,对光分组交换节点结构中的竞争解决技术进行深入探讨.此外,还总结归纳了5种空分交换型OPS节点结构,即输出缓存型、反馈缓存型、共享缓存型、混合缓存型和无缓存型.     

基于同波长光纤延迟线集光突发交换结构及其性能分析

由于光突发交换机制本身就避免了光缓存的使用，但是现实中，光突发包之间竞争以及提供优先级服务又依靠光纤延迟线来解决。为此，我们设计了应用光纤延迟线的光突发交换网络核心节点结构。为了避免光纤延迟线色散引起的突发包输入排队缓存偏移，在该结构中设计了同波长光纤延迟线集。采用了空分交换矩阵，避免了波长转换的需要。为了有效运行该交换结构，我们提出了输入排队与自适应光缓存调度算法，而该算法不仅仅适用于光突发交换，也适合于光纤延迟线得到普遍应用的光分组交换。该调度算法能够提供优先级服务，避免队头阻塞，对该调度算法建立了严格的理论分析模型，并进行了仿真。仿真结果表明，与传统的延迟线竞争解决方案相比，这一调度算法能够改善交换性能1到2个数量级，是利用光纤延迟线解决光突发交换中竞争问题的一个较佳方案。     

采用部分共享光缓存和共享波长转换器的光分组交换节点性能分析

本文研究了采用部分共享缓存(PSB)和共享波长转换器(SWC)的光分组交换节点在自相似流量下分组丢失率和时延与输出光缓存深度、循环共享光缓存的深度和组数以及波长转换器数量之间的关系,并讨论了相关的尺度和规模问题.结果表明,部分共享光缓存和共享波长转换器的光分组交换节点交换结构可以达到很高的性能;采用共享方式可显著减少波长转换器的数量;在保持共享缓存总的深度不变的情况下,适当增加循环共享光缓存组数可以使交换达到更好的性能.     

光突发交换网络新型偏射路由方案研究

光突发交换(OBS)被认为是下一代光网络中的有效核心交换技术之一,设计OBS网络的最初目的之一是减小突发包丢失率.解决突发竞争的方法主要包括光缓存、波长变换、偏射路由和突发分段.提出一种改进偏射路由方案,并建立了数学模型,对改进方案的性能进行了仿真分析,结果表明改进方案能更好的提高网络整体性能.     

基于FDL和TWC的光突发竞争解决方案及性能分析

在光突发交换(OBS)网络中,突发竞争是影响网络性能的一个重要因素,因此如何有效地解决它,成了OBS网络非常重要的问题.在分析当前文献中的解决方案的优缺点后,提出了一种突发竞争解决方案的系统实现.该实现将光纤延迟线(FDL)时城缓存与波长转换器(TWC)波长变换、空城技术结合在一起,构造了一个基于前向转发缓存和反馈循环缓存的两级交换结构.最后从多方面对该系统实现的竞争解决有效性进行了性能分析和计算机仿真,结果表明:它在适当的业务强度(小于0.6)下,能有效改善突发丢失率和突发延迟;同时能降低系统所需的光器件数目.     

基于共享有限波长和参量波长转换器的冲突解决方案

研究了一种共享有限波长转换器(LRWC)和参量波长转换器(PWC)相结合的解决全光分组波长资源竞争的方案,并提出了PWC优先算法作为光分组交换中的波长竞争解决方案。仿真结果表明:本文结构与共享LRWC节点结构相比,减少了波长转换器的数目,并且能够明显降低光分组交换节点的分组丢包率(PLP),提高波长转换器的利用率。研究还发现,不同波长转换器配置方案对系统性能有影响。     

Performance of fiber delay‐line buffers in asynchronous packet‐based optical switching networks with wavelength conversion

A major challenge in asynchronous packet‐based optical networks is packet contention, which occurs when two or more packets head to the same output at the same time. To resolve contention in the optical domain, two primary approaches are wavelength conversion and fiber delay line (FDL) buffering. In wavelength conversion, a contending packet can be converted from one wavelength to another in order to avoid conflict. In FDL buffering, contending packets can be delayed for a fixed amount of time. While the performance of wavelength conversion and FDL buffering has been evaluated extensively in synchronous networks with fixed‐sized packets, in this paper, we study the performance of FDL buffers in asynchronous packet‐based optical networks with wavelength conversion. An analytical model is proposed to evaluate the performance in terms of packet loss probability and average delay. Extensive simulation and analytical results show that, with appropriate settings, FDL buffers can perform much better in switches with wavelength conversion than in switches with no conversion. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An optical packet contention resolution supporting QoS differentiation with LRWC wavelength converters for OPS

The wavelength conversion is regarded as an effective way to resolve the optical packet contention in the wavelength domain for optical packet switching. An optical packet switching node, based on shared-per-node equipped with limited range wavelength converters and parametric wavelength converters (SPN-LP), is designed to further reduce optical packet loss probability. A novel optical packet contention resolution with priority differentiation wavelength scheduling algorithm to support quality of service (QoS) for the SPN-LP architecture is put forward in the article. The simulation results show that proposed optical packet resolution enables a good QoS differentiation, namely the high priority contending optical packet has the sufficient low packet loss probability.     

Packet loss in a bufferless optical WDM switch employing sharedtunable wavelength converters

We propose an architecture for a bufferless packet optical switch employing the wavelength dimension for contention resolution. The optical packet switch is equipped with tunable wavelength converters shared among the input lines. An analytical model Is proposed in order to determine the number of converters needed to satisfy prefixed packet loss probability constraints. This analytical model very accurately fits with simulations results. A sensitivity analysis of the required number of converters as a function of the main system parameters (number of input and output lines, number of wavelengths, …) and traffic parameters has been carried out. Making use of the introduced dimensioning procedure we have observed that the proposed architecture allows a saving in terms of employed number of converters with respect to the other architectures proposed in literature. Such a saving can reach about 95% of the number of converters     

Dimensioning of the Wavelength Converters in a WDM Optical Packet Switch

This paper analyzes the performances of a WDM optical packet switch making use of fiber delay lines to resolve output packet contentions; the optical packet switch is equipped with tunable wavelength converters which can shift optical packets to any wavelength of the output link which they are directed to. As not all packets need conversion, we propose a dimensioning technique allowing to reduce the number of converters and to improve the signal quality by reducing unnecessary conversions. The obtained results show that a remarkable reduction of the number of converters is obtained with respect to that needed by other switches described in literature. Such a saving is achieved by maintaining the packet loss probability below a prefixed threshold.     

A framework for fiber delay‐line buffers in packet‐based asynchronous multifiber optical networks (PAMFONET)

A major challenge in packet‐based optical networks is packet contention, which occurs when two or more packets are heading to the same output at the same time. To resolve contention in the optical domain, a fundamental approach is fiber delay‐line (FDL) buffering, in which packets can be delayed for a fixed amount of time. In the literature, the performance of FDL buffering has been studied extensively. However, most existing works are based on an assumption that there is only one fiber per link in the network. In this paper, we address the architecture and performance of FDL buffers in packet‐based asynchronous multifiber optical networks (PAMFONET), in which each link in the network may consist of multiple optical fibers. We propose a framework for FDL buffers in PAMFONET, in which we provide three essential architectures and corresponding packet scheduling policies. Extensive simulation results show that, with appropriate settings, the same number of FDLs can lead to better performance in multifiber networks than in single‐fiber networks. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.