Suitability of Sour Crude Processing and Resid Hydrotreating Technologies

This article has analyzed the environment and tasks confronting China＇s petroleum refining industry, and has referred to principles for selecting the resid processing technologies and viability of various combination technologies for resid processing. Taking into account the actual commercial practice of resid hydrogenation units, this article has also discussed methods for processing high-sulfur inferior crudes as well as the suitability of resid hydrogenation technology.     

Application of Heavy Solvent Deasphalting in Sour Resid Processing

Complete conversion of resid into light oil needs to consume large amount of hydrogen, because the light oil has higher hydrogen content.The conversion of whole resid into light oil is not economic at the normal price gap between the light and heavy oils. Hence a combination of hydrogenation process with carbon removal process is generally adopted.     

催化裂化—延迟焦化组合工艺

介绍了ＲＦＣＣ－延迟焦化组合工艺，ＲＦＣＣ应用了吸附转化加工焦化蜡油（ＤＮＣＣ）的技术。该组合工艺中的焦化汽油进ＲＦＣＣ改质，焦化蜡油注入ＲＦＣＣ提升管中部，ＲＦＣＣ油浆则作为延迟焦化的进料。结果表明，该组合工艺可改善产品分布，提高轻质油收率，焦化蜡油、催化裂化油浆、焦化汽油可以得到合理利用或改质，且可不产低价值的燃料油。     

渣油催化裂解生产乙烯和丙烯装置运行优化

陕西延长中煤榆林能源化工有限公司1.5 Mt/a渣油催化裂解制烯烃装置采用DCC-plus反应器结构设计,设计原料为延长石油的常压渣油,主要目的产品为乙烯和丙烯。自2014年投产运行以来,该装置原料油加工量及主要操作条件基本平稳,原料油中铁含量波动,通过操作优化、装置改造、催化剂改进等技术攻关,乙烯和丙烯收率稳步提高。标定期间,以延长石油的常压渣油为原料,装置负荷率100%,乙烯收率为13.82%,丙烯收率为23.30%,双烯收率达到37.12%,装置生产达标。     

渣油沸腾床加氢裂化技术对炼油加工总流程的影响及经济性分析

以高硫中质原油加工为例,从对原油的适应性、全厂装置构成、公用工程消耗及能耗、产品结构及性质、环境保护、投资及经济效益分析等几个方面,全面分析了渣油沸腾床加氢裂化技术对炼油加工总流程的影响。通过与渣油固定床加氢处理技术的对比分析,表明渣油沸腾床加氢裂化方案在技术经济上是可行的。     

High-vacuum “dry” distillation of atmospheric resid

The reduction in petroleum feedstock resources has exacerbated the problem of exhaustive refining of atmospheric resid and has shrunken the boiler fuel market [1]. The degree of refining crude oil as a whole is also a function of the degree of proficiency of refining atmospheric resid, producing fuel or lube distillates. The maximum yields of these products are determined on one hand by the possibilities of their subsequent processing and on the other by the equipment and technical implementation of the subsystem for vacuum distillation of atmospheric resid (pressure losses, efficiency of one theoretical plate of the contact system, economy and ecology of the vacuum system — (VS), which ensues low residual pressure in the tower). Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 8 – 10, November – December, 1999.     

纤维膜脱硫技术在RFCC汽油脱臭单元的应用

纤维膜脱硫技术是美国Merichem公司的专利技术，其核心设备是纤维膜接触器，中国石油化工股份有限公司金际分公司炼油厂在重油催化裂化装置油脱臭单元应用了该技术，经10个月的运转，结果表明，操作简便，产品质量稳定，单位加工费用低，具有技术上的合理性和较好的经济性，但该技术对各介质的纯净度要求很高，需对每种介质设置精密的过滤设施。     

Development and Commercial Application of a Novel Catalyst DVR—1 for Catalytic Cracking of Daqing Vacuum Residue

A newly developed catalyst type DVR-1 for catalytic cracking of Daqing vacuum resid was put into use in a commercial VRFCC unit,This catalyst features uniquely active matrix and modified ultra-stable zeolite.The commercial application results show that the DVR-1 type catalyst has the advantage of high heavy oil conversion,good metal tolerance nd gooed stability for catalyst regeneration,The FCC tests have shown Favorable product distribution,acceptable product quality and enormaous economic benefits whe processing the feedstock containin 75%-100% Daqing VR.     

含硫劣质原料对催化裂化汽油质量的影响及对策

运用实验分析数据及工业生产数据讨论了含硫劣质原料对重油催化裂化汽油质量的影响。结果表明,催化裂化原料中的硫、镍、钒含量及残炭对催化裂化的反应产物有不同的影响,其中硫含量是影响催化裂化精制汽油腐蚀性、安定性的主要因素。针对经常造成重油催化裂化汽油硫醇硫含量偏高、诱导期偏短的问题,结合重油催化裂化生产的具体特点及经验,提出了改善汽油质量的对策,并取得了满意效果。     

Energy–Saving Scheme for Regeneration of Propane in Deasphalting of Vacuum Resid

The KM–2 unit for production of oils and waxes has been operating at Slavneft'–Yaroslavnefteorgsintez Co. since 1984. It includes the S–200 section for deasphalting of vacuum resid obtained in vacuum distillation of atmospheric resid. The problem of increasing the output of this section has arisen with the increase in the demand for residual base oil.     

用组合工艺加工伊朗减压渣油

在中型试验装置上采用热载体流化预处理-渣油加氢处理-渣油催化裂化组合工艺加工伊朗减压渣油,可得到61.58％的轻质油和14.11％的气体。该组合工艺将脱碳和加氢有机地结合起来,既降低了操作压力,又减小了装置规模,还可大幅度减少投资和操作费用。     

反应温度及掺渣比对渣油催化裂化生焦率的影响

用扶余减压馏分油和减压渣油研究掺渣油催化裂化过程的生焦率受反应温度及掺渣比的影响。结果表明，反应温度升高，生焦率下降，且随掺渣比的升高，下降幅度越大。减压馏分油和减压渣油之间存在相互作用，生焦率并不是减压渣油和减压馏分油生焦率的简单加和，由于减压馏分油的存在对渣油的胶体体系有破坏和稀释作用，降低了渣油固有的生焦率，所以掺渣油催化裂化反应过程应采用较高的反应温度，且注意原料中各组分的配伍问题     

重油催化裂化催化剂RCH的开发与工业应用

RCH催化剂是继我国第一代超稳Y型催化裂化催化剂之后，开发研制的新型渣油裂化催化剂。该剂沸石含量低，而在裂化性能、产品收率、焦炭选择性等方面均与国内外同类型催化剂相当，可替代进口催化剂在重油催化裂化（RFCC）装置上使用；该剂更具有平衡活性和轻质油收率高、稳定性好、裂化重质油能力和抗重金属污染能力强等特点，同时制备工艺先进，流程简单，属国际先进水平。     

绥中36－1原油的性质及对其加工方案的探讨

绥中３６－１原油为海上低硫环烷基重质原油，其＞４７０Ｃ馏分质量收率高达６２．２％，酸值也高，不适合单独加工。根据炼油厂实际情况，改变混炼原油的品种及比例，对几种方案进行了探讨。认为采用与含硫较高的中东轻质原油混炼的方案，可以减轻常减压装置的腐蚀；有效地降低中东原油单独加工时减压渣油的硫含量，减小高硫渣油的加工难度；能取得较好的经济效益。     

Production of Atmospheric Resid with Reduced Hydrogen Sulfide Content

Sources of hydrogen sulfide in the components of atmospheric resid produced at Kuibyshevsk Refinery Co. are examined. The dependence of its content in atmospheric resid on the process parameters of operation of AVT and visbreaking plants is demonstrated. Possible ways of reducing the hydrogen sulfide content in commercial atmospheric resid are reported. SNPKh–1004 and SNPKh–1050 M neutralizers added to the atmospheric resid bind hydrogen sulfide. They allow producing grade 100 atmospheric resid with a hydrogen sulfide content of less than 2 ppm.     

A comprehensive approach to processing asphalt from deasphalting of vacuum resid

Recommendations are given on organizing comprehensive processing of asphalt from deasphalting of vacuum resid with liquid propane to obtain a number of commercial products and valuable distillates. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 16–19, March–April, 2006.     

R&D and Application of Catalyst for Resid Hydrotreating in Upflow Reactor

In order to extend the operating cycle of the upflow reactor for resid hydrotreating, the Re- search Institute of Petroleum Processing taking into account the specifics of resid hydrotreating upflow reactor has developed the high-performance RUF series of catalysts suitable for operation in the upflow reactor. The results of commercial application of catalysts revealed that this RUF series of catalysts loaded after optimized grading could effectively remove metals, sulfur and carbon residue from the re-sidu...     

抗钒催化裂化催化剂CHV—1的研制与开发

为加工高钒含量的渣油原料,研究开发了抗钒催化裂化催化剂。试验表明,沉积在催化剂上的氧化铈抗钒能力较强,能有效地保护分子筛结构不受钒破坏。选用ＳＲＹ和ＲＰＳＡ两种分子筛作为活性组元,使用大孔氧化铝作为粘接剂,制备出催化剂ＣＨＶ－１。工业应用试验结果表明,在原料钒含量和残炭相当或稍高的条件下,ＣＨＶ－１催化剂与原国产催化剂比较,油浆产率下降３．８５个百分点,焦炭产率下降０．２３个百分点,轻质油收率增加３．１７个百分点,液化气收率增加０．２５个百分点,催化剂单耗下降０．４ｋｇ／ｔ,汽油辛烷值（ＲＯＮ）增加１．８个单位。ＣＨＶ－１催化剂整体水平与进口催化剂相当     

废聚乙烯塑料与减压渣油混合延迟焦化的研究

在实验室将废聚乙烯塑料、减压渣油以及它们的混合物，在反应温度455－495℃、氢气压力0．1－0．4MPa和反应时间2－8h的临氢条件下进行延迟焦化反应。结果表明，由于废聚乙烯焦化的液体产物组成主要为链烷烃和链α－烯烃，占10％的废聚乙烯塑料和减压渣油混合原料的延迟焦化加工过程，可以得到性质较好的焦化柴油馏分。废聚乙烯塑料的加入，还可以减少焦化炉管的生焦，延长装置的运转周期，有望成为回收废塑料减少环境污染的一种途径。     

RESID HYDROTREATING CHEMISTRY Analyses of Hondo Feed and Product Fractions

Abstract

The chemistry of resid upgrading was studied by following the changes caused by hydrotreatment of Hondo 450°F+ resid, its separated asphaltenes and maltenes, and polar, aromatic, and saturate fractions. Both continuous and batch hydrogenations were studied, using two commercial resid hydrotreating catalysts.

At low reactor temperatures, the most important reactions are saturation of aromatics and removal of reactive heteroatoms. Increasing the temperature adds cracking reactions.

Detailed results can he explained by arbitrarily assigning to resid cuts the ranking:

saturates > aromatics > polar compounds > asphaltenes

and assuming that hydrotreating moves materials upward in the hierarchy. Each cut can form products only at or above its ranking. Only asphaltenes can give rise to asphaltenes in the products.

Asphaltenes are the most difficult resid fraction to treat, and they reduce the catalyst's activity for treating other fractions, possibly by blocking pores or adsorbing strongly on the catalyst's surface.