Ti-Cr-Mn-M(M=V、Fe、Ni、Cu)合金的储氢性能

为改善Ti(Cr-Mn)2 AB2型合金的储氢性能,采用A侧过化学计量和过渡金属部分替代Mn进行多元合金化,系统研究了Tix(Cr-Mn-M)2(x=1.0,1.1;M=V、Fe、Ni、Cu)合金的储氢性能.研究结果表明,V、Fe、Ni、Cu部分替代Mn进行多元合金化后,合金主相仍保持C14(MgZn2)型Laves相,合金晶胞体积增大.合金化元素部分替代Mn后合金的活化性能得到明显改善,合金吸放氢量增大,吸放氢压力滞后减小.除Fe使合金放氢平台压力有所升高外,其余合金化元素均使合金的吸放氢平衡压力有不同程度的降低,这是由于合金的晶胞体积增大所致.在所形成的合金中,以Ti1.1Cr1.2Mn0.5CuO0.3的综合性能最好,其室温下吸放氢量分别达到1.95%和1.72 9,6(质量分数).采用该合金与自制的轻质高压储氢容器(工作压力为40MPa)复合组成金属氢化物复合式高压储氢器,对其储氢密度的计算结果表明,当储氢合金的填充量(体积分数)达到0.20时,该复合式储氢器总的体积储氢密度将提高57%.     

金属氢化物技术用于燃料电池氢源系统——氢燃料箱，氢贮输和加氢站

概述了氢燃料电池电动车车栽储氢技术的发展现状和存在问题。介绍了有关金属氢化物氢源系统储氢合金及氢燃料箱的研究进展。对城市中采用金属氢化物技术装置储运氢气和作为加氢站核心设备的方案进行了分析和讨论。     

金属氢化物储氢装置研究

用有限差分法和二维导热模型计算了圆柱形金属氢化物储氢装置内部储氢过程的温度场分布,结果表明空气换热型储氢装置内部的合金反应床存在明显的温度梯度场,吸氢时储氢装置中心部位的温度最高,需要强化其芯部换热条件,以提高储氢装置的储放氢性能.对比研究了铸态以及甩带快淬工艺制备 TiV0.41 Fe0.09Mn1.5合金吸放氢循环寿命,表明甩带快淬工艺可以显著提高储氢合金的吸放氢循环性能.以甩带快淬工艺制备的TiV0.41Fe0.09Mn1.5合金为工质的储氢装置,经过3 600次吸放氢循环后的容量保持率达到94%以上.     

金属氢化物储氢装置的研究进展

<正>氢能源是一种新型无污染的清洁能源,但如何实现安全而经济的储存运输是关键技术之一。金属氢化物储氢装置将储氢合金(一般为AB5型、AB2型、AB型、镁系的储氢材料)以一定的方式装填到容器内,利用储氢合金的可逆吸放氢能力,达到储存、净化氢气的目的。与高压气态储氢相比,金属氢化物储氢是一种固态储氢技术,具有储氢压     

温度对2TiO_230C70Mg材料吸放氢性能的影响研究

金属Mg储氢密度大和资源丰富,但金属Mg吸放氢温度太高,阻碍了它在实际中的应用。因此对金属Mg改性储氢研究,必须对其吸放氢温度和储氢体系的温度变化进行测试。对前期制备的2TiO230C70Mg复合材料测试结果表明:2TiO230C70Mg复合材料的吸放氢密度受吸放氢体系温度影响较大。当储氢温度为200℃时,复合材料的储氢密度达到最大值5.1%(wt,质量分数,下同),其最佳储氢温度在200℃左右、放氢温度在330℃时,其放氢量4.9%。     

应用金属氢化物的氢液化装置

利用金属氢化物(AIH)贮氢材料的能量转换功能研制成氢化物压缩机,与液氮预冷氢节流微型制冷器组装成氢液化机。当高压1.4MPa,低压0.3MPa,氢流量20NL/min时,经测试在25K时制冷量为0.4W。     

吸放氢处理对La_(0.6)Pr_(0.4)Fe_(11.4)Si_(1.6)B_(0.2)合金磁热效应的影响

使用工业纯度原材料制备出La0.6Pr0.4Fe11.4Si1.6B0.2合金,用XRD和VSM分析了合金的析出相、居里温度和磁热性能,研究了吸氢放氢处理对合金磁热性能的影响。结果表明:退火合金经0.13和0.2 MPa吸氢处理后居里温度分别达到320和321 K,吸氢压力高的样品放氢困难;经0.13 MPa吸氢样品在473 K放氢后居里温度降低到室温范围。放氢导致氢化物最大磁熵变降低和相对制冷能力RCP的提高。     

Mg-Ni系储氢合金元素取代改性的研究进展

综述了对Mg-Ni系储氢合金进行元素取代改性的最新研究进展,分析了Mg-Ni系储氢合金A、B两侧元素的构成,并分别按Mg-Ni系中A、B两侧元素的性质,讨论了这些元素部分取代A2B型Mg2Ni和AB型MgNi合金中的Mg和Ni对Mg-Ni系合金储氢性能的影响。对近年来研究的多元Mg基储氢合金的充放氢性能和电化学性能进行了系统的阐述,总结了取代元素在降低Mg-Ni系储氢合金的氢化物生成热和放氢温度、提高合金电极循环寿命时的作用。     

金属氢化物热泵技术

综合分析了氢热泵的影响因素,包括氢化物对的选择,温度效应、性能系数、氢传递速率、有效氢流量、滞后因子和斜率因子等。介绍了金属氢化物热泵空调制冷和增热采暖的实验装置与实验结果。采用热补偿法测得的净制冷量大于3.439kW,达到了预定指标。初步实验表明,该装置也可用于增热采暖。     

V系储氢合金及其合金化

概述了V系储氢合金的研究现状,涉及V系储氢合金的氢化物相结构、合金化元素及第二相对合金吸、放氢性能的影响:V系储氢合金随吸氢量的增加,氢化物结构发生bcc→bct→fcc转变,同时其稳定性呈降低趋势;合金元素通过改变V与H的亲和力以及氢化物的稳定性来影响合金的储氢性能;第二相的出现对合金电化学性能、吸放氢动力学有明显的影响作用.在上述分析的基础上,对V系bcc固溶体储氢合金今后的研究进行了展望.     

氢敏材料与器件的研究进展

氢气的检测具有重要的学术意义和广阔的应用前景.氢敏传感器发展的关键在于高品质氢敏材料的研制.本文根据氢敏材料工作原理的不同,分别介绍了电化学型、半导体型、热导型和光学型四类氢敏传感器及相应氢敏材料的国内外研究最新进展,着重描述了各类氢敏材料的作用机制和改性途径,并展望了氢敏材料及氢敏传感器的发展方向.     

PEMFC备用氢能发电站的储氢问题探讨

在介绍目前国内外各种成熟的工业储氢方法,并指出储氢技术研究热点和发展方向的基础上,针对人防工程备用氢能发电站的技术要求,对各种适用的储氢方式进行了比较,探讨了人防工程备用氢能发电站的氢气储存方法,以及氢气安全储存、运输与监控、反应热处理等问题。     

氢能的研究进展

随着可再生能源和生物制氢在氢源的开发、制氢源的开发和制氢技术中的不断拓展,高密度固体储氢材料的进一步研发,以及受燃料电池研究的驱动,氢能系统已经成为洁净能源研究的热点。综述了氢能系统中氢源的开发和制氢、储氢、输氢以及氢能利用5个技术领域的最新研究进展,旨在明确这些技术领域研究中的关键问题及主要研究方向。     

Kinetics-Driven Dual Hydrogen Spillover Effects for Ultrasensitive Hydrogen Sensing

Palladium (Pd)-modified metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) gas sensors often exhibit unexpected hydrogen (H₂) sensing activity through a spillover effect. However, sluggish kinetics over a limited Pd-MOS surface seriously restrict the sensing process. Here, a hollow Pd-NiO/SnO₂ buffered nanocavity is engineered to kinetically drive the H₂ spillover over dual yolk-shell surface for the ultrasensitive H₂ sensing. This unique nanocavity is found and can induce more H₂ absorption and markedly improve kinetical H₂ ab/desorption rates. Meanwhile, the limited buffer-room allows the H₂ molecules to adequately spillover in the inside-layer surface and thus realize dual H₂ spillover effect. Ex situ XPS, in situ Raman, and density functional theory (DFT) analysis further confirm that the Pd species can effectively combine H₂ to form Pd-H bonds and then dissociate the hydrogen species to NiO/SnO₂ surface. The final Pd-NiO/SnO₂ sensors exhibit an ultrasensitive response (0.1–1000 ppm H₂) and low actual detection limit (100 ppb) at the operating temperature of 230 °C, which surpass that of most reported H₂ sensors.     

以剩余扩散氢浓度为自变量的扩散氢逸出速率数学模型

采用水银法测定了3种焊条的熔敷金属在一定温度下的氢逸出曲线,由氢逸出曲线计算得到扩散氢逸出速率随剩余扩散氢浓度的变化关系,基于这一关系建立了以剩余扩散氢浓度为自变量的扩散氢逸出速率数学模型vH=k·CαH,该模型能够较好地表征vH与CH的相关性。     

An Overview of Hydrogen Interaction with Amorphous Alloys

Theories, experimental results and applications associated with hydrogen behavior in amorphous metals and alloys are reviewed. An emphasis is made on the potential use of these advanced materials for hydrogen storage technology. Therefore, several properties that are especially relevant for such applications are assessed. These include structural models for hydrogen occupancy, sorption characteristics, solubility, diffusion behavior and thermal stabilities. Hydrogen effects on the mechanical properties and fracture modes of glassy metals are also presented, and possible mechanisms of hydrogen embrittlement are discussed. Similarities and differences between hydrogen behavior in amorphous and crystalline metals and alloys are discussed in detail.     

氢液化装置在线分析系统研究

氢液化装置在线分析系统的可靠性是保证氢液化装置的连续安全运行和液氢产品质量的关键。结合氢气／液氢生产经验,得出氢气中微量杂质含量的最佳在线分析方法,并提出在线质量监控模型,在实时、可靠、稳定的基础上,更大程度提倡自动化操作。     

Interstitial Hydrogen Atom to Boost Intrinsic Catalytic Activity of Tungsten Oxide for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Tungsten oxide (WO₃) is an appealing electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) owing to its cost-effectiveness and structural adjustability. However, the WO₃ electrocatalyst displays undesirable intrinsic activity for the HER, which originates from the strong hydrogen adsorption energy. Herein, for effective defect engineering, a hydrogen atom inserted into the interstitial lattice site of tungsten oxide (H_0.23WO₃) is proposed to enhance the catalytic activity by adjusting the surface electronic structure and weakening the hydrogen adsorption energy. Experimentally, the H_0.23WO₃ electrocatalyst is successfully prepared on reduced graphene oxide. It exhibits significantly improved electrocatalytic activity for HER, with a low overpotential of 33 mV to drive a current density of 10 mA cm⁻² and ultra-long catalytic stability at high-throughput hydrogen output (200 000 s, 90 mA cm⁻²) in acidic media. Theoretically, density functional theory calculations indicate that strong interactions between interstitial hydrogen and lattice oxygen lower the electron density distributions of the d-orbitals of the active tungsten (W) centers to weaken the adsorption of hydrogen intermediates on W-sites, thereby sufficiently promoting fast desorption from the catalyst surface. This work enriches defect engineering to modulate the electron structure and provides a new pathway for the rational design of efficient catalysts for HER.     

贮氢材料的研究和发展

本文论述了贮氢材料工作原理,氢化物形成热力学和动力学问题,总结了目前三大系列,15种适用的贮氢合金的成分,性能和 P-T-C 曲线。文章介绍了贮氢材料在贮氢、输送氢,氢气纯化,热泵,空调,氢压缩机,燃氢汽车等方面的多种用途。本文不仅概括了许多最新资料,而且总结了作者多年来从事贮氢材料研究的经验和体会。     

Hydrogen induced cracking of a tappet adjusting screw

The electroplated tappet adjusting screws used in diesel engines failed during initial bend testing. The analysis of the failure showed that the fracture was nucleated from the subsurface of the screw. The fracture surface was intergranular at the ID and OD region and microvoid coalesence in the center. The improper baking after electroplating of the screw led to H₂-induced blistering/cracking. The high strength of the threaded region of the adjusting screw increased the failure propensity.