软岩巷道锚注机理及其在返修巷道中的应用

通过对锚注支护机理的阐述,分析了锚注支护修复巷道的可行性,结合顾北煤矿典型返修巷道变形与破坏形式特征,设计了该返修巷道锚注支护方案,并完成了现场监测分析与评价,工程实践表明,该技术是解决深井高应力软岩返修巷道支护的有效途径,具有较高的推广应用价值。     

深井软岩巷道锚注支护机理分析及其工程应用

通过对锚注支护机理的阐述,研究了锚注支护修复巷道的可行性,结合典型深井软岩巷道变形与破坏形式特征,设计了该返修巷道锚注支护方案,并完成了现场监测分析与评价,工程实践表明,该技术是解决深井高应力软岩巷道支护的有效途径,具有较高的推广应用价值。     

高应力破碎巷道仿根系固土支护与控制对策

针对深部高应力破碎巷道支护难度大、维护费用高的问题,以金川镍矿为工程背景,通过理论分析、室内实验和井下试验等手段,借鉴植物根系固土力学机制,深入探讨高应力破碎围岩巷道支护方法,得出如下结论:(1)仿根系固土力学原理设计巷道支护,视金属网的作用类似于植物浅根的作用,将锚杆视为植物的深根,而随机分布的注浆则相当于根系中密布的侧根与支根,因锚网注而增加了巷道围岩的抗剪强度,其增量部分主要取决于根粘聚力c_R。(2) 预应力锚杆、TECCO网、注浆等与围岩有机结合,形成了能承受高应力的围岩复合体。 (3) 试验巷道支护20天后,围岩变形速率小于0.05 mm/d,表明该支护方法能有效控制巷道变形。(4) 巷道支护后19个月里,巷道完好无损,无需任何返修,返修周期提高了近3倍。     

软岩巷道锚注支护技术及其工程实践

分析了国内外锚杆支护的技术特点，认为我国软岩巷道锚杆技术的主要问题是锚杆支护系统的支护强度不够。进一步研究认为，锚杆与注浆联合支护是目前中国软岩（裂隙发育、可注性好）巷道支护很有前途的新途径。提出了锚注结合加固软岩巷道的新思路，发明了外锚内注式新型锚杆及其加固软岩巷道新技术，解决了一系列工艺问题，成功地将该技术用于旗山矿软岩动压巷道的加固工程     

金川不良岩层巷道锚注支护试验研究

分析了金川矿区不良岩层巷道支护现状,论述了新型锚注支护技术的适用性。通过锚注支护用于二矿区1198水平分段道修复的现场试验,介绍了锚注支护设计方案、技术参数和施工工艺,巷道修复前后围岩变形观测结果表明,锚注支护取得良好效果。研究认为,锚注支护效果良好、成本低、施工简便,是适合于金川矿山不良岩层巷道特点的新型支护技术,可进一步推广。     

深部高应力极软岩巷道锚注支护技术研究

随着矿山开采的大规模进行和采深的加大,深部高应力极软岩巷道支护问题日益严重。基于深部高应力极软岩巷道国内外支护现状的分析,并针对其破坏特点,提出了以内注浆锚杆为核心的锚注支护体系,来解决深部高应力极软岩巷道支护难题。井下试验表明:锚注支护不仅保持了深部高应力极软岩巷道的稳定,而且提高了施工速度,节约了支护成本,技术经济效益十分显著,具有广阔的推广应用前景。     

极软岩巷道锚注支护技术的研究与应用

极软岩巷道具有持续塑性变形破坏的特征,单一支护方式难以控制.锚注支护是具有锚杆支护与注浆加固作用的一种联合支护方式,可以改变围岩力学参数,提高围岩强度,是一种主动支护方法.根据锚注机理,建立围岩锚注计算的力学模型.依据围岩流变特征,选择耦合的流变模型,以分析锚注支护对具有流变特性持续变形围岩支护的控制作用.经理论分析、计算和工程应用表明,锚注支护对控制极软岩巷道持续变形破坏具有显著的技术、经济效果.     

复杂应力条件下软岩巷道支护的FLAC模拟研究

针对西北某煤矿2号巷道支护工程,提出了支护方案,并进行了FLAC数值模拟研究,研究表明,导致该巷道出现顶板下沉量大、底板强烈膨胀、两帮位移大的变形特征的主要原因是巷道埋深大、采空区矿山压力显现显著,进而确定了锚注锚网联合支护作为2号巷道支护方案,监测结果表明,该支护方案合理,效果良好。     

曲江矿运输大巷变形机制分析与支护对策研究

随着开采深度的增加,深部巷道支护问题也日益严重。本文对曲江运输巷道的变形特征进行了详细调查,并通过岩体结构、地应力、支护形式和施工因素等几个方面对其变形机制进行了分析。结果表明:不良的岩体结构和高地应力是巷道变形的内在因素,锚网的支护强度和支护刚度、梯形梁的较低护表能力,以及锚杆和爆破等施工质量是巷道变形的外在因素,在内外因素的共同作用下,导致了巷道变形和破坏。在此基础上,提出了锚注+U29圆形棚架联合支护加固技术。数值模拟和井下试验效果分析表明:该支护方式能很好的保持巷道的稳定性,并为深部巷道支护技术的研究提供了有价值的借鉴意义。     

非均质复合岩巷围岩破坏机理及底鼓控制技术

深部高地应力、层间软弱夹层（结构面）等复杂应力环境下复合煤（岩）巷道围岩变形严重,底鼓问题尤为突出。针对某矿-830水平大巷复合区域岩巷底鼓大变形技术难题,梳理了复合岩巷现场变形破坏特征,分析了围岩破坏力学机制。结合滑移线场理论建立底鼓力学模型,推导了底板破坏半径R0的显式解析式,并借助ZDY钻孔窥视仪对围岩内部损伤裂隙发育程度进行量化表征。建立UDEC数值计算模型反演了原支护下复合岩巷围岩应力、裂隙发育特征以及位移分布规律,综合分析了复合岩巷底鼓变形机理。结果表明：高地应力、邻近岩石极限强度差异大、底板岩性差、底板无支护或弱支护是复合岩巷产生底鼓大变形的根本性原因。结合现场调研及数值模拟分析结果,基于“固底–强帮”整体支护、“强–弱–强”组合承载圈分梯次加固底板的控制思路,提出了一种“全断面锚索+预制块反底拱”锚注联合支护技术应用于复合岩巷底鼓返修实践中。现场监测结果表明,巷道返修60 d内底鼓缓慢变形直至趋于稳定,最大底鼓量约为67.9 mm,相比原支护条件下底鼓变形量降低了95%,大大降低了巷道重复返修的可能性,确保了该矿煤炭资源安全高效开采。     

TBM掘进机脱困的围岩加固技术

达坂隧洞线路全长31.92km,沿线穿越多处膨胀岩、泥质粉砂岩等不良地质洞段,施工中多次发生卡机事故并成功脱困,对其回填灌浆、固结灌浆和帷幕灌浆技术进行了系统总结,对于同类工程施工具有较强的借鉴意义。     

Analyses of the grouting results for a section of the APSE tunnel at Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory

The grouting results for a tunnel at a depth of 450 m in crystalline rock at Äspö HRL were studied. The aims were to investigate whether the methodology used resulted in a successful grouting design and producing a sufficiently dry tunnel, and whether grout penetration and inflow into the finished tunnel corresponded to the predictions. An analysis was made of data from an original cored borehole, drilled before the tunnel was constructed and mapped thoroughly with regard to fractures and transmissivities. The predicted inflow into the tunnel was calculated and found to be four times higher than the measured inflow. The latter was 5 l/min along the 70 m tunnel, considered to be a good result at the current depth. New cored control boreholes were drilled along a section of the tunnel. The inflow positions and quantities in these holes, and the positions of grout found in the corresponding cores, were compared with the data from the original borehole. It was found that at the predicted positions of larger fractures, grout was observed and there was no inflow, showing that these had been successfully sealed. At the predicted positions of small fractures, no grout was visible in the cores, and small inflows showed that the grout had not sealed these fractures. The results indicated that cement-based grout successfully sealed fractures down to a hydraulic aperture of about 50 μm but not below 30 μm. This concurs with the initial design aimed at sealing fractures larger than 50 μm.     

象山隧道注浆堵水施工技术

对象山隧道的地质情况进行了介绍,提出了象山隧道的防排水设计原则,阐述了象山隧道注浆堵水技术,分析了注浆施工常见问题,并提出了对策,积累了隧道工程注浆堵水施工经验。     

Field Measurements of Grout Pressures During Tunnelling of the Sophia Rail Tunnel

During drilling, grout pressures were recorded on a tunnel lining measuring 9.5 m in diameter. Two tunnel rings were fitted with pressure gauges (14 gauges per ring). Measurements were performed for more than one day. Final hardening of the grout did not occur during this time. The lowest pressures were measured at the start of the drilling process after completion of the ring. Results show that the grout pressure distribution is dominated by injection during drilling, but this distribution changes when drilling stops and buoyancy forces start to exert an influence. The influence of buoyancy forces increases further away from the injection points. Bending moments in the tunnel lining also influence the gradient in the grout pressure distribution.     

Investigation and assessment of pre-grouted rock mass

Pre-grouting is a technique for reducing water ingress into tunnels and caverns by grouting fractures and joints prior to excavation. This study investigates pre-grouted rock mass to evaluate grout penetration in fractures and transmissivity of water in the rock mass surrounding the built tunnel, with the use for core drilling, OTV, high-precision water injection tests and core logging. The study was performed in three tunnel localities, in tunnels excavated in connection with the Follo Line project in Norway, where pre-grouting was performed using cement-based grouts. It was found less cement than expected in fractures with small apertures, compared with results of grout penetrability in laboratory studies of similar grouts. Further, it was found that fractures in coarse-grained rock types had rougher fracture surfaces and higher hydraulic apertures, than fractures in fine-grained rock types. It was also found that fractures with smoother surfaces had smaller hydraulic apertures in general. Hydraulic jacking was evidenced during the pre-grouting in this area, which is likely to have contributed to unnecessary high grout consumption.

     

粉细砂地层泥水盾构渣土回收利用及性能优化

以南京地铁10号线越江盾构隧道工程为依托,采用现场渣土作为同步注浆砂源,通过室内试验测量同步注浆浆液的强度、初凝时间、流动度、稠度、泌水率及渗透性等指标,研究粉细砂地层中泥水盾构渣土作为同步注浆浆液中砂源的可行性,并通过调整配比对浆液性能进行优化.结果表明:粉细砂地层中采用泥水盾构渣土所配置的浆液能够满足同步注浆浆液性能要求,改变胶砂比、粉灰比,同步注浆浆液性能提高明显.     

基于弹塑性模型的巷道锚注支护结构控制设计

新奥法理论、联合支护理论、围岩松动圈理论等软岩工程支护理论在工程实践中得到普遍应用,取得了显著效果。但是在应用过程中,巷道遭受破坏的现象时有发生,对变形破坏机理的认识还不够深入。本文基于理想弹塑性巷道锚注支护模型,系统研究了锚杆支护力P₀、锚注区半径R₁、锚注塑性区半径R_m等参数之间的关系,提出了锚注支护结构的设计步骤,并结合算例验证了该方法的实用性和科学性。结果表明,锚杆支护力P₀对锚注区半径R₁与锚注塑性区半径R_m比例关系影响不大,锚注区的塑性区变化只取决于注浆材料和围岩性质。本文的研究成果可为锚注支护结构定量设计和施工提供依据。     

双圆盾构隧道的流固耦合分析

以上海轨道交通M10线3标双圆盾构隧道为工程背景,基于流固耦合分析理论,利用快速拉格朗日有限差分法对双圆盾构隧道施工力学行为进行了分析。计算中考虑了隧道开挖、管片拼装、盾尾注浆、浆液固结等施工步骤,分析了双圆盾构施工土体沉降及超孔隙水压力的特征、量值与范围,并与监测结果对比,揭示了双圆盾构掘进环境土工影响特征。并考虑流固耦合效应作用时,正面支护压力对开挖面稳定性的影响。研究结果对后续施工和其它类似工程可提供一定的指导意义。