B和Si掺杂对CrAlN涂层结构和切削钛合金寿命的影响

目的 CrAlN涂层以其优异的抗氧化性能被广泛应用于切削刀具涂层领域，针对CrAlN涂层热稳定性较低，在超过900 ℃后会发生热分解，导致其力学性能显著下降的问题，通过B、Si共掺杂方法改善CrAlN涂层的性能。方法 采用阴极弧蒸发方法制备Cr0.42Al0.58N、Cr0.35Al0.59B0.06N、Cr0.37Al0.54Si0.09N涂层，借助X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、纳米压痕仪，通过划痕和切削实验研究B和Si掺杂对CrAlN涂层晶体结构、硬度、结合力、热性能和切削寿命的影响。结果 Cr0.42Al0.58N和Cr0.35Al0.59B0.06N涂层为单相立方结构，Cr0.37Al0.54Si0.09N涂层为立方和六方的两相结构;Cr0.42Al0.58N、Cr0.35Al0.59B0.06N、Cr0.37Al0.54Si0.09N涂层的硬度分别为(29.8±1.5)、(36.9±1.4)、(33.8±1.6)GPa，与基体的结合力分别为116.2、58.3、58.0 N;通过B和Si掺杂抑制了CrAlN涂层的热分解过程，Cr-N键的断裂起始温度由Cr0.42Al0.58N的1 000 ^oC提高到Cr0.35Al0.59B0.06N的1 200 ℃和Cr0.37Al0.54Si0.09N的1 100 ℃;在1 100 ℃下氧化15 h后，Cr0.42Al0.58N、Cr0.35Al0.59B0.06N、Cr0.37Al0.54Si0.09N涂层的氧化层厚度分别为2.38、1.80、0.53 μm。结论 通过B和Si掺杂提高了CrAlN涂层的力学性能、热稳定性和抗氧化性，其中CrAlBN涂层呈现出最优异的热稳定性和切削性能，CrAlSiN涂层的抗氧化性最佳。     

热处理对碳化硅基复合材料结构与力学性能的影响

碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅复合材料(Si C/Si C)是极具前景的高温结构材料。通过先驱体浸渍裂解(PIP)工艺制备了Si C/Si C复合材料。在惰性气氛下,1400~1800℃范围内对Si C/Si C复合材料进行热处理,用红外热像仪作为测温工具监测材料温度,研究了热处理温度对Si C/Si C复合材料结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,经1400℃热处理后复合材料基体结晶程度增加,整体力学性能提高;随热处理温度进一步提高,复合材料纤维受损,力学性能急剧下降。     

Cr_2AlC陶瓷粉体的无压烧结及表征

本文以Cr、Al和C粉为原料,采用无压烧结合成了纯相的Cr_2AlC粉体。研究了烧结温度对合成物相的影响,得出最佳烧结温度为1400℃。分析反应路径,发现Al先熔化成Al液,同时引发Cr和Al反应生成Cr2Al及少量Cr_2AlC。Cr-Al金属间化合物再与C和Al发生反应最终合成Cr_2AlC。掺杂Si元素后发现Cr_2AlC晶格常数变化,说明Si固溶到Cr_2AlC当中。     

MgO-C耐火材料中陶瓷相的原位生成机理及其对材料力学性能的影响

以电熔镁砂、鳞片石墨以及Al-Mg合金粉、金属Si粉为原料,以Ni(NO_3)_2·6H_2O为催化剂,以酚醛树脂为结合剂,在经配料、混合、成型后,分别在1200、1400℃埋炭条件下进行热处理制备了MgO-C耐火材料。研究了不同催化剂添加量对Mg O-C耐火材料物相组成、显微结构特征和试样抗热震及力学性能的影响。结果表明:经1200℃热处理后,试样中Al-Mg合金被氧化,进一步反应生成镁铝尖晶石;经1400℃热处理后,Si单质消失,试样中有Si C生成,镁铝尖晶石生成量增加,并且有Al N相生成;当催化剂加入量分别为0.4%、0.6%时,试样基质中可原位生成镁铝尖晶石晶须,Si C及Al N等陶瓷相,试样的抗热震性能和断裂韧性都得到提高。     

铜、锌含量对铝合金挤压铸造力学性能的影响

在ZL102铝硅合金中分别加入3%Cu、11%Zn以及同时加入3%Cu和11%Zn后进行了挤压铸造工艺试验,并对其力学性能、显微组织、断口形貌进行了对比分析研究。结果发现,Al7Si3Cu合金的最佳工艺方案为:模具预热温度200℃,浇注温度700℃,压力140 kN,保压时间12 s;Al7Si11Zn合金的最佳工艺方案为:模具预热温度200℃,浇注温度680℃,压力100 kN,保压时间10 s;Al7Si11Zn3Cu合金的最佳工艺方案为:模具预热温度200℃,浇注温度700℃,压力140 kN,保压时间12 s。试验结果表明,向Al7Si3Cu合金中加入11%的Zn,使其抗拉强度提高了14.7%,硬度提高了35.6%;Al7Si11Zn合金中加入3%的Cu,虽然硬度提高了11.6%,但是抗拉强度下降了20.2%;Al7Si11Zn合金比Al7Si3Cu合金的平均抗拉强度高44.5%,平均硬度高21.5%。     

钼基掺杂合金的研究现状

合金化是改善钼性能的主要途径。本文对固溶强化类、弥散强化类及K泡强化类钼合金进行了综合评述,重点从制备方法、形貌组织、强化机理以及力学性能这几个方面,对TZM合金、Mo-Re合金、La2O3掺杂钼合金、Al2O3掺杂钼合金以及Si-Al-K掺杂钼合金这几类合金的研究现状进行了分析。根据钼合金抗氧化性能差和耐磨性能差这两个缺点,提出了研制抗氧化涂层和硬质相是未来钼合金发展的两个重要方向。     

超声处理对Al-Si活塞合金组织和力学性能的影响

对不同温度的Al-12Si-4Cu-Mg-2Ni活塞合金熔体进行了超声处理,研究了超声处理温度和超声功率对合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,超声处理细化了初生Si、共晶Si,提升了合金力学性能。熔体温度为720℃时的细化效果优于650℃和690℃。熔体温度为720℃,超声功率为0~1400W时,初生Si的平均等积圆直径从40.73μm减小到23.35μm;共晶Si的平均长度从39.6μm减小到27.1μm;第二相的形态未发生改变;与未超声处理相比,合金的室温抗拉强度和350℃高温抗拉强度分别提高了21.9%和22.8%。     

退火工艺对MHC钼合金板材组织和力学性能的影响

采用粉末冶金工艺制备了MHC钼合金板材,通过拉伸力学性能测试、硬度测试、金相分析等测试手段,研究了退火温度对MHC钼合金板材显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:轧制后的MHC钼合金板材的纵向抗拉强度为1150 MPa,规定塑性延伸强度为1020 MPa,伸长率为10.5%,维氏硬度为352 HV10。MHC钼合金板材在1400℃开始发生再结晶,到1700℃发生了完全再结晶,其抗拉强度和硬度均随退火温度的升高而降低,在1300~1500℃范围内伸长率随退火温度的升高而升高,在1500~1700℃范围内伸长率随温度的升高而降低,在1500℃的伸长率最高,达到22.5%。     

固溶处理对准共晶Al-Si合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

通过金相显微镜、差示扫描量热分析以及显微硬度测试等研究固溶温度和固溶时间对挤压铸造的ZAlSi12CuMgNi铝合金的显微组织和力学性能变化的影响。结果发现:在固溶过程中,强化相逐渐溶解,共晶Si逐渐细化、弥散,块状初晶Si趋于圆整化;保温时间过长,细化后的Si会发生聚集、粗化、长大,块状Si圆整度下降以及α(Al)晶粒长大等现象;随着固溶温度的上升,强化相的溶解和Si相的粒化、圆整化的时间会缩短,且Si相的细化程度和弥散程度更高,而Si相粗化和α(Al)晶粒长大的速度也会增大;在不同固溶温度下,α(Al)固溶体的力学性能随保温时间的延长而呈现不同形式的下降趋势;挤压铸造的ZAlSi12CuMgNi铝合金的最佳固溶处理工艺为525-530℃,保温时间为2.5-3h。     

Al-3B变质共晶铝硅合金的显微组织与力学性能

采用Al-3B中间合金对不同温度Al-12.6Si合金熔体进行变质处理。结果表明:当变质温度相同时,随着Al-3B加入量的增加,Al-12.6Si合金中α(Al)相的面积分数呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,当Al-3B加入量为0.4%(质量分数)时,α(Al)相面积分数达到最大值35.6%。当Al-3B加入量为0.4%时,随着变质温度的升高,Al-12.6Si合金中α(Al)相的面积分数也呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,当变质温度为700℃时,合金组织中α(Al)相的面积分数最大。与未变质Al-12.6Si合金相比,在700℃时经0.4%Al-3B变质处理后,Al-12.6Si合金的抗拉伸强度和伸长率分别提高12%和64%,变质处理后合金的综合力学性能得到明显提高。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。