丝胶生物吸附剂选择性去除废水中染料的评估(英文)

The silk sericin is the main residue in silk production and it is found to be a low cost and efficient biosorbent.In this study,sericin was characterized with various techniques including SEM(scanning electron microscope),XRD,N2 physisorption,FTIR(Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy) and XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy).The nitrogen content of sericin was ca.8.5 mmol·g-1 according to elemental analysis.Dye adsorp-tion by sericin biosorbent was investigated with the acid yellow(AY),methylene blue(MB) and copper(II) phthalocyanine-3,4’4″4’″-tetrasulfonic acid(CuPc) dyes from water.Sericin displayed large capacity for AY and CuPc adsorption with adsorption capacities of respectively 3.1 and 0.35 mmol·g-1,but it did not adsorbed methylene blue dye.This selectivity is due to the basicity of amide groups in sericin biosorbents.     

磁性聚合物微球在Cr(VI)吸附分离中的应用(英文)

The magnetic poly-(methacrylate-divinyl benzene) microspheres with micron size were synthesized by modified suspension polymerization method.Adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by magnetic poly-(MA-DVB) microspheres with surface amination was investigated.The adsorption processes were carried out under diversified conditions of pH value,adsorption time and temperature to evaluate the performance of the mag-netic microspheres.The optimum pH value for Cr(VI) adsorption was found as 3.The adsorption capacity increased with adsorption time and attained an optimum at 60 min.The adsorption processes for magnetic microspheres was endothermic reaction,and the adsorption capacity increased with increasing temperature.     

ZL50活性炭吸附脱除二氧化硫的吸附动力学模型(英文)

A semi-empirical adsorption kinetic model was proposed with the time compensation method to describe the chemisorption of SO2 in flue gas by carbon adsorbents for flue gas purification. The change in adsorption capacity and adsorption rate with time at different water vapor concentrations and different SO2 concentrations was studied. The model was in good agreement with experimental data. The surface reaction was probably the rate controlling step in the early stage for SO2 adsorption by ZL50 activated carbon. The parameters m and n in the nth order adsorption kinetic model were related to the magnitude of the time compensation and adsorption driving force, respectively. The change of parameter n with water vapor concentrations and sulfur dioxide concentrations was studied and some physical implications were given. The sum of square errors was less than 1.0 and the average absolute percentage deviations ranged from 0.5 to 3.2. The kinetic model was compared with other models in the literature.     

火焰层析成像的最新进展(英文)

To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel fired power plants,a range of new combustion technologies are being developed or refined,including oxy-fuel combustion,co-firing biomass with coal and fluidized bed combustion.Flame characteristics under such combustion conditions are expected to be different from those in normal air fired combustion processes.Quantified flame characteristics such as temperature distribution,oscillation frequency,and ignition volume play an important part in the optimized design and operation of the environmentally friendly power generation systems.However,it is challenging to obtain such flame characteristics particularly through a three-dimensional and non-intrusive means.Various tomography methods have been proposed to visualize and characterize flames,including passive optical tomography,laser based tomography,and electrical tomography.This paper identifies the challenges in flame tomography and reviews existing techniques for the quantitative characterization of flames.Future trends in flame tomography for industrial applications are discussed.     

D72树脂对镨(Ⅲ)的吸附性能(英文)

In this work, the feasibility of using a macroporous strong acid ion exchange resin (D72) as an adsorbent for praseodymium (Ⅲ) was examined. The adsorption behavior and mechanism were investigated with various chemical methods and IR spectrometry. The results showed that the loading of Pr (III) ions was strongly dependent on pH of the medium and the optimal adsorption condition is in HAc-NaAc medium with pH value of 3.0. Adsorption kinetics of Pr (III) ions onto D72 resin could be best described by pseudo-second-order model. The maximum adsorption capacity of D72 for Pr (Ⅲ) was evaluated to be 294 mg·g 1 for the Langmuir model at 298K. The apparent activation energy, E a , was 14.71 kJ·mol 1 . The calculated data of thermodynamic parameters, ΔSΘ value of 100 J·mol 1 ·K 1 and ΔHΘ value of 8.89 kJ·mol 1 , indicate the endothermic nature of the adsorption process, while a decrease of ΔGΘ with increasing temperature indicates the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process. Finally, Pr (Ⅲ) can be eluted by using 1.00 mol·L 1 HCl-0.50 mol·L 1 NaCl solution and the D72 resin can be regenerated and reused. Thomas model was successfully applied to experimental data to predict the breakthrough curves and to determine the characteristic parameters of the column useful for process design. The characterization before and after adsorption of Pr (Ⅲ) ions on D72 resin was conformed by IR.     

皮胶原纤维负载钦对核工业废水中铀的去除(英文)

Effective recovery of UO2+2 from wastewater is essential for nuclear fuel industry and related industries.In this study,a novel adsorbent was prepared by loading titanium(Ti4+) onto collagen fiber(TICF),and its physical and chemical properties as well as adsorption to UO2+2 in nuclear fuel industrial wastewater were investigated.It is found that TICF can effectively recover UO2+2 from the wastewater with excellent adsorption capacity.The adsorption capacity is 0.62 mmol·g-1 at 303 K and pH 5.0 when the initial concentration of UO2+2 is 1.50 mmol·L-1.The adsorption isotherms can be described by the Langmuir equation and the adsorption capacity increases with temperature.The effect of co-existed F on the adsorption capacity for UO2+2 is significant,which can be eliminated by adding aluminum ions as complexing agent,while the other co-existed ions in the solutions,including HCO-3,Cl-,NO-3,Ca2+,Mg2+ and Cu2+,have little effect on the adsorption capacity for UO2+2.The saturated TICF after UO2+2 adsorption can be regenerated by using 0.2 mol·L-1 nitrate(HNO-3) as desorption agent,and the TICF can be reused at least three times.Thus the TICF is a new and effective adsorbent for the recovery of UO2+2 from the wastewater.     

硝酸浓度对橄榄石基活性炭特性的影响(英文)

In this work we investigated the effect of nitric acid concentration on the pore structure, surface chemistry and liquid phase adsorption of olive stone based activated carbon prepared by mixing process using phosphoric acid and steam as activating agents. Chemicals and textural characterization show that the increase of HNO3 concentration increases considerably the total acidic groups but decreases specific surface area and pore volume. The study of adsorption in aqueous solutions of two organics, phenol and methylene blue, on raw and oxidized activated carbon indicates that the treatment of mixed activated carbon with different concentrations of nitric acid improves the adsorbent capacity for methylene blue at HNO3 concentrations less or equal to 2 mol·L 1, while it has a negative effect on phenol adsorption.     

等温或非等温颗粒吸附动力学模型:应用于吸附热泵(英文)

Understanding the interaction between a fluid and a solid phase is of fundamental importance to the design of an adsorption process.Because the heat effects associated with adsorption are comparatively large,the as-sumption of isothermal behavior is a valid approximation only when uptake rates are relatively slow.In this article,we propose to determine when it is needed to choose the isothermal or non-isothermal assumption according to two physical parametersα(ratio convection/capacity) andβ(quantity of energy/capacity) .The proposed problem is solved by a mathematical method in the Laplace domain.Whenα→∞(infinitely high heat transfer coefficient) or β→0(infinitely large heat capacity) ,the limiting case is isothermal.When the diffusion is rapid(α10) the kinetics of sorption is controlled entirely by heat transfer.If the adsorption process is to be used as a heat pump,it shall be represented by an isotherm model withαandβas high as possible.     

介孔SBA-15的孔径尺寸对小牛血清蛋白和溶菌酶蛋白吸附的影响(英文)

In this paper,the effects of pore-size of SBA-15 on the adsorption kinetics and equilibrium of large protein molecules Bovine serum albumin(BSA)and lysozyme(LYS)have been investigated.The mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15 with six different pore sizes were synthesized with P123 triblock copolymer as the template agent,and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene(TMB)and isopropyl alcohol as the pore-expanding agent.The samples were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption,Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM),Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM)and X-Ray Diffraction(XRD).It is found that BSA and LYS were adsorbed rapidly on SBA-15 materials with large pores.The BSA adsorption capacity of sieve with the pore diameter of 21.4 nm reached 500 mg·g-1 within 25 minutes.However,if the pore diameter was smaller than 14 nm,the BSA adsorption capacity of the sieve was only about 220 mg·g-1.The adsorption equilibrium data fits in the Langmuir model,where the coefficient of effective use of specific area of mesoporous molecular sieve was found to be 0.03,0.18,0.37 and 0.48,corresponding to the pore diameter of 10.1 nm,13.2 nm,15.4 nm and 21.4 nm,respectively.The equilibrium loading amount of LYS on SBA-15 materials with pore size of 15.4 nm could be up to 1000 mg·g-1.The coefficient of effective use of surface area of mesoporous molecular sieve with diameter of 3.9 nm,7.4 nm,10.1 nm,13.2 nm and 15.4 nm was 0.10,0.47,0.56,0.71 and 0.79,respectively.It is also noted that greater pore size of mesoporous molecular sieve would lead to a higher coefficient of effective use of surface area.     

正磷酸活化木质素吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的固定床实验和模型(英文)

The advantage of using an available and abundant residual biomass,such as lignin,as a raw material for activated carbons is that it provides additional economical interest to the technical studies.In the current investigation,a more complete understanding of adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous systems onto H3PO4-acid activated lignin has been achieved via microcolumns,which were operated under various process conditions.The practice of using microcolumn is appropriate for defining the adsorption parameters and for screening a large number of potential adsorbents.The effects of solution pH(2-8),initial metal ion concentration(0.483-1.981 mmol·L-1),flow rate(1.0-3.1 cm3·min-1),ionic strength(0.01-0.30 mmol·L-1) and adsorbent mass(0.11-0.465 g) on Cr(VI) adsorption were studied by assessing the microcolumn breakthrough curve.The microcolumn data were fitted by the Thomas model,the modified Dose model and the BDST model.As expected,the adsorption capacity increased with initial Cr(VI) concentration.High linear flow rates,pH values and ionic strength led to early breakthrough of Cr(VI).The model constants obtained in this study can be used for the design of pilot scale adsorption process.     

Statistical Physics Studies of Multilayer Adsorption on Solid Surface: Adsorption of Basic Blue 41 Dye onto Functionalized Posidonia Biomass

In this article, finite multilayer adsorption modeling was presented. The grand canonical formalism was used to establish a novel finite multilayer with multisite occupancy model. Expression for the physico-chemical parameters involved in the adsorption phenomena were derived based on statistical physics treatment. This model has been applied to one of the most challenging adsorption in liquid phase, i.e., Basic Bleu 41 dye adsorption onto raw and modified Posidonia biomass. The parameters involved in the analytical expression of the multilayer model such as the number of adsorbed molecules per site, the density of occupied receptor sites, and the number of adsorbed layers were determined by fitting the experimental adsorption isotherms at temperatures ranging from 303 to 353 K. Fitting results show that the dye molecules are multimolecular adsorbed onto Posidonia surface. Furthermore, the new approach leads us to quantify the mean number of adsorbed layers. The magnitudes of the calculated adsorption energy indicate that BB41 dye is physisorbed onto Posidonia adsorbent.     

Adsorption Behavior of Dyestuffs on Hollow Activated Carbon Fiber from Biomass

This study focuses on the adsorption behavior of typical dyestuffs (methylene blue and reactive black 5) on hollow activated carbon fibers (ACFs) obtained from Kapok- and Hasuo-seed based biomass. It was found that the adsorption of dyestuffs on ACFs increased with increasing pH and temperature. In addition, the Hasuo-seed based ACFs showed higher adsorption capacities than the Kapok-seed based ACFs for dyestuffs. It was also determined from the adsorption energy distribution results that the ACFs are having energetically heterogeneous surfaces. The results clearly indicated that the prepared ACF in this study could efficiently remove dyes dissolved in water.     

两性树脂吸附低浓度游离酸

利用电导实验技术 ,跟踪观察两性离子交换树脂吸附低浓度游离酸的行为。实验结果表明 ,两性树脂吸附低浓度游离酸时 ,表观吸附速率常数随吸附质浓度的增大而降低 ,吸附过程是遵循单分子层机制的行为。     

生物质电厂灰对废水中低浓度氨氮吸附性能

氨氮废水经生物脱氮处理后,氨氮一般为5～10 mg/L,仍不能达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)V类水标准.针对这一问题,选用安徽省某生物质发电厂燃烧底渣作为吸附剂,吸附低浓度氨氮废水,系统研究了初始浓度、初始溶液pH以及反应时间对生物质电厂灰吸附工业废水中低浓度氨氮的影响,并从吸附动力学和吸附热力...     

电导法研究可再生甲壳素吸附低浓度游离酸的行为

利用电导实验技术，跟踪不同氨基含量的可再生甲壳素对低浓度游离酸的吸附行为，实验结果表明，可再生甲壳素对低浓度游离酸的吸附遵循单分子层吸附机制，吸附速率和相互作用能随氨基含量的减小而减小。     

低浓度挥发性有机废气的吸附净化

吸附净化是处理低浓度挥发性有机废气(≤1000 mg/m3)的有效方法之一。整体式蜂窝状活性炭由于其开孔道结构,压降小,是比较理想的吸附剂。考察了甲苯浓度、空速、吸附-脱附循环次数和表面改性等对整体式蜂窝状活性炭吸附性能的影响,取得了较好的净化效果。结果表明,当吸附温度为25°C,气体空速为10000 h-1,甲苯浓度为500 mg/m3时,对甲苯的吸附率为6.5wt%,当脱附温度为250°C时,甲苯基本脱附完全。     

电位法研究弱碱性树脂吸附稀醋酸的行为

利用电位法实验技术跟踪观察弱碱性树脂吸附低浓度醋酸溶液的过程,讨论了酸浓度和外加盐对吸附的影响.利用固-液界面吸附动力学方程,求取表观吸附速率常数(k).实验结果表明,弱碱性树脂上吸附低浓度醋酸的过程是遵循单分子层机制进行的,表现吸附速率常数(k)随着酯酸浓度的增大而减少;在固定醋酸浓度时,表现吸附速率常数(k)随着外加盐离子浓度的增大而增大.     

Proportion Pressure Swing Adsorption for Low Concentration Coal Mine Methane Enrichment

Using traditional Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) with a single adsorbent for low concentration coal mine methane (LCCMM) at a concentration of 30% or less can result in a final CH₄ concentration very close to the explosion limit, increasing the risk of explosion. Proportion Pressure Swing Adsorption (PPSA) is a new and safer enrichment method suggested for LCCMM enrichment that uses a mixture of active carbon (AC) and carbon molecular sieves (CMS) as adsorbents. With this method, CH₄ and O₂ in LCCMM can be adsorbed simultaneously because CH₄ is mostly adsorbed by active carbon and O₂ is mostly adsorbed by the CMS. Therefore, the concentration of CH₄ and O₂ is well controlled and does not exceed the explosive limit during the adsorption and desorption processes. We have demonstrated the safety and feasibility of PPSA for obtaining 30% CH₄ from LCCMM, with 20% CH₄ in air as a feed stock. Our results show that the O₂ concentration can be controlled well and does not exceed the explosive limit in both adsorption and desorption, and the CH₄ concentration in the desorption gas can be increased to more than 30% by adjusting the bed length and mass ratio of the AC and CMS. Taking these results together, it appears that PPSA is a safe method for LCCMM enrichment.     

弱酸性树脂吸附低浓度游离碱行为的研究

利用电导实验技术 ,跟踪观察弱酸性树脂吸附低浓度游离碱的行为 ,研究温度对吸附的影响 ,测定吸附活化能 ( Ea)和吸附剂 -吸附质相互作用能 ( U)。实验结果表明 ,温度升高 ,吸附剂 -吸附质相互作用能增加 ,表观吸附速率常数 ( k)增大 ,而且 U与 T存在良好的线性相关 ( r=0 .995 1 )     

Friedel盐对废水中低浓度Cd2+的吸附动力学

以合成的Friedel盐(FS, 3CaO×A12O3×CaCl2×10H2O)为吸附剂,研究了FS去除废水中Cd2+的反应动力学和等温吸附特性. 考察了FS盐用量、温度及Cd2+初始浓度对Cd2+去除的影响. 结果表明,FS用量为0.03 g/L时,在室温下对废水中初始浓度为10 mg/L的Cd2+的去除率大于94.34%,吸附容量可达301.9 mg/g,吸附主要以离子交换吸附为主,最终形成Cd4Al2(OH)12Cl2(H2O)4×xH2O及Cd4Al2(OH)12Cl2×4H2O化合物. 利用一级动力学模型关联了反应动力学数据,得到速率常数k=0.049 min-1,吸附行为较符合Langmuir等温吸附方程.