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NVP的交联聚合研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮(PVPP)是乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)的交联聚合物,是一种性能优异的啤酒澄清剂。笔者研究了采用交联剂与NPV交联共聚法,在溶液中合成PVPP。实验发现,采用某些无机盐的水溶液为溶剂、以AIBN(偶氮二异丁氰)为引发剂,在氮气保护下反应,可以得到具有一定吸水能力的PVPP,并优化了反应工艺条件。 相似文献
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采用萃取方法回收聚苯硫醚生产用N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶剂,研究了萃取剂类型、用量以及溶质浓度对N-甲基吡咯烷酮的分配比影响。结果表明,萃取剂选用三氯甲烷,V(O)/V(W)为1:1时,N-甲基吡咯烷酮的分配比可达到1.78。此外,溶液连续萃取实验结果表明,萃取后的溶剂可用精馏分离的方法实现N-甲基吡咯烷酮与三氯甲烷的回收,且二者均可重复使用。 相似文献
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PVP(K-30)的合成工艺 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)为原料,通过水溶液中聚合制备了医药级的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮PVP(K-30)。研究了引发剂、链转移剂和温度等对PVP相对分子质量和残留单体含量的影响,获得了一条适合生产实际的、操作条件温和的PVP(K-30)适宜合成工艺路线:NVP的质量分数为40%,聚合温度为75℃,引发剂为A和B复配,其中m(A)/m(NVP)和m(B)/m(NVP)分别为0.02和0.01,V(链转移剂D)/V(NVP单体溶液)为0.02,合成的PVP相对分子质量为29.8。 相似文献
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采用萃取精馏的方法分离乙腈-正丙醇的共沸物系。首先利用溶剂选择原理和UNIFAC基团贡献法选出N-甲基吡咯烷酮作为萃取精馏的萃取剂,同时采用NRTL模型对常压下乙腈-正丙醇物系和加入萃取剂N-甲基吡咯烷酮后的汽液平衡进行模拟和实验验证,模拟结果与实验数据吻合较好。然后通过间歇萃取精馏实验进一步考察所选萃取剂的分离效果。结果表明,N-甲基吡咯烷酮能够打破共沸,有效分离乙腈-正丙醇共沸物系。采用有28块理论板的填料塔,萃取剂进料位置为第4块板,溶剂比为1.0,回流比为3,可以从塔顶得到质量分数为98.6%的乙腈产品。最后,用Aspen Plus软件对乙腈-正丙醇物系的连续萃取精馏流程进行了模拟,得出的参数为进一步的工业应用奠定基础。 相似文献
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通过响应面法对微生物诱导CaCO3沉积的培养基组分进行优化。结果表明,最适宜培养基配方为葡萄糖30g/L、大豆蛋白胨10g/L、尿素50g/L、硝酸钙0.5mol/L、吐温80体积分数0.05%以及氯化镍250μmol/L。葡萄糖浓度和尿素浓度、葡萄糖浓度和硝酸钙浓度、葡萄糖浓度和吐温浓度、硝酸钙浓度和吐温浓度以及尿素浓度和氯化镍浓度,对微生物诱导CaCO3沉淀量的影响有着比较显著的双因子效应。沉淀物CaCO3含有少量有机质,形成方解石型或方解石和球霰石混合晶型的CaCO3,其形貌和堆积密度随外界条件改变而不同。 相似文献
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The kinetics of emulsion copolymerization of ethyl methacrylate (EMA)/lauryl methacrylate (LMA) in propylene glycol is very similar to the emulsion copolymerizations of water‐soluble monomers in water because of the high solubility of EMA/LMA in propylene glycol. The initial rate of polymerization depends only on initiator concentration and is not affected by either monomer concentration or stabilizer concentration. The overall rate of polymerization is only slightly dependent on monomer concentration and stabilizer concentration and is independent of initiator concentration. The final particle number density increases with increasing amount of stabilizer and decreases with increasing monomer concentration. The total surface area increases with stabilizer concentration and is not governed by either initiator concentration or monomer concentration. Homogeneous nucleation is the dominant mechanism of particle nucleation, as shown by the kinetic data on seeded polymerization and monomer partition behavior. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 1691–1704, 2001 相似文献
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冷冻浓缩技术是处理尿素厂废水和尿液等高浓度尿素废水的有效方法之一,浓缩极限的确定则是预测和评价该工艺最高水回收率和工作效率的必要条件.以尿素溶液为研究对象,采用差示扫描量热技术分析了溶液在冷冻过程中的相态变化规律,通过冷冻试验确定了溶液发生尿素共晶析出时的浓度;以尿液为对象,研究了确定高浓度尿素废水冷冻浓缩极限的方法.研究结果表明:尿素废水在达到浓缩极限之前,当尿素浓度高于26.3%时,继冰晶析出之后会共晶析出尿素;尿素废水在浓缩极限处呈玻璃态,由差示扫描量热分析可确定废水玻璃化转变温度、推算冷冻浓缩工艺最高水回收率;尿液的玻璃化转变温度为-108.33 ℃,相应的溶液浓度为57.92%,冷冻浓缩可达到的最高水回收率为97.75%. 相似文献
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Polypyrrole-polystyrene sulfonate composite coatings have been formed on carbon fibers by an aqueous electrochemical process. The effects of process parameters such as applied current density, monomer concentration, electrolyte concentration, and the reaction time, on the electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole onto carbon fibers were investigated. The rate of formation of the coatings increased with the current density and pyrrole concentration. It was, however, independent of electrolyte concentration, especially for polystyrene sulfonate concentration [PsSNa] of 0.05–0.25 M. At higher electrolyte concentration [PsSNa] ≥ 0.30 M, the rate of coatings formation increased with electrolyte concentration. The order of the rate of polymerization with respect to the electrolyte concentration was shown to be 0 and 1.0 at low and high electrolyte concentration, respectively. The polymerization potential, Ep, increased with the current density and decreased with pyrrole concentration. SEM micrographs showed that the morphology of coatings varied with the electrolyte concentration. At low electrolyte concentration, the coatings were rough and granular; however, at higher electrolyte concentration the coatings were smooth and uniform. The doping of polypyrrole films by polystyrene sulfonate ion was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. 相似文献
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采用721分光光度计对直至饱和的全浓度范围的硫酸铜水溶液进行透射光度分析。结果表明,硫酸铜水溶液在照射光波长800 nm左右存在最大吸光度,在浓度不高于0.16 mol/L时,吸光度与浓度之间呈线性关系;照射光波长600 nm时,在直至饱和的全浓度范围内,吸光度随硫酸铜浓度呈现规律性变化,浓度低于0.50 mol/L时近似于直线关系;350~1020 nm全波长扫描的吸光度最大值与硫酸铜浓度之间本质上是曲线关系,但在0.020~0.160 mol/L浓度范围内,可以近似为直线关系。透光率对波长微分的最小值与硫酸铜浓度之间具有光滑的单调曲线关系。 相似文献