共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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以甘蔗渣为原料通过炭化-磺化的方法制备了甘蔗渣炭基固体酸,探讨了制备工艺条件对固体酸催化剂性能的影响。以正交实验对酯化反应温度、固体酸加入量、酸醇物质的量比、反应时间等影响合成乙酸甲酯的因素进行了优化,并考察了催化剂的稳定性。实验结果表明,制备固体酸催化剂较合理的条件为:炭化温度300℃,炭化时间2.0 h,磺化温度90℃,磺化时间8.0 h。正交实验结果表明,在催化剂用量为乙酸质量的3%、酯化反应时间为2.5 h、n(乙酸)∶n(甲醇)=1∶3、酯化反应温度为65℃的条件下,乙酸转化率为86.5%,且催化剂的稳定性良好,可循环使用7次。该研究结果为乙酸甲酯的合成提供了一种新型催化剂。 相似文献
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采用高温磺化法制备复合型稀土改性固体酸SO42-/C-TiO2-CeO2,以油酸与甲醇发生的酯化反应作为探针反应,考察稀土氧化物CeO2的百分含量、磺化温度、磺化时间对催化剂SO42-/C-TiO2-CeO2催化活性的影响。结果表明,制备催化剂SO42-/C-TiO2-CeO2的最佳条件:稀土CeO2的含量为2%、磺化温度为200℃、磺化时间为10h,此条件下催化油酸与甲醇发生酯化反应的酯化率最高,可达到94.78%。利用红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、热重分析、X荧光等手段对固体酸催化剂进行表征分析,表明稀土氧化物CeO2和金属氧化物TiO2共同作用下可固化SO42-,并与SO42-形成配位结构,增强固体酸催化剂的催化性能并提高稳定性。 相似文献
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采用乙二醇、马来酸酐和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO3)为主要原料,采用两步酯化反应和磺化反应,在催化剂的作用下,合成了一种阴非离子型双子表面活性剂。各步反应的最佳条件:酯化反应Ⅰ(反应温度120℃,马来酸酐与乙二醇的摩尔比为2.15∶1,催化剂用量2%,反应时间4 h);酯化反应Ⅱ(AEO3∶酯化产物Ⅰ摩尔比为2.10,反应温度180℃,催化剂用量3%,反应时间6 h);磺化反应(温度100℃,亚硫酸氢钠与酯化产物摩尔比为1∶3,催化剂用量1.5%,反应时间4 h)。产物的临界胶束浓度为0.17 mmol/L,γCMC为35.2 m N/m,浓度750 mg/L时,泡沫性能达到稳定。 相似文献
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乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。 相似文献
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D. G. Gordeev L. F. Gudarenko M. V. Zhernokletov V. G. Kudel’kin M. A. Mochalov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2008,44(2):177-189
A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation
of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from
the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO2) of density 0.08 g/cm3.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008. 相似文献
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Jorge Marcelo Romero Soledad Bustillo Hugo Enrique Ramirez Maisuls Nelly Lidia Jorge Manuel Eduardo Gómez Vara Eduardo Alberto Castro Alicia H. Jubert 《International journal of molecular sciences》2007,8(7):688-694
A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out. 相似文献
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A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%. 相似文献
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塔设备改造选型的分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后,着重介绍一种新型塔板(导向梯形浮阀塔板)和一种新型填料(波环填料——乾隆帕克)。 相似文献