杂氮硅三环的性质及应用研究概述

综述了近年来杂氮硅三环化合物的研究进展。简要介绍了杂氮硅三环的毒性、生物活性、抗肿瘤性、防锈和摩擦性等方面的性质及其在医药、农业、工业等领域的应用。     

杂氮硅三环化合物

杂氮硅三环是一类具有特殊分子结构和显著生物活性的有机硅化合物，其研究进展迅速，而且越来越受到人们的重视，本文杂氮硅环三环化合物的合成、结构、生物活性及应用情况作了简要的论述。     

杂氮硅三环化合物

杂氮硅三环是一类具有特殊分子结构和显著生物活性的有机硅化合物，其研究进展迅速，而且越来越受到人们的重视。本文对杂氮硅三环化合物的合成、结构、生物活性及应用情况作了简要的论述     

2,8,9-三氧杂-5-氮杂-1-硅双环[3,3,3]-十一碳烷-3-酮类化合物的合成

具有五配位键的有机硅化合物—杂氮硅三环(silatrane),由于具有独特的生物活性和分子结构,正日益引起人们的兴趣。对一般杂氮硅三环的合成方法及其物理化学性质的报导甚多,但对环上带有羰基的另一类杂氮硅三环(2,8,9-三氧杂-5-氮杂-1-硅双环[3,3,3]十一碳烷-3-酮)的合成的报导直到目前只见到一篇。这类化合物的结构如下:     

取代芳酰基硫脲氨丙基杂氮硅三环化合物的合成

以取代苯甲酸为原料。经氯化、异硫氰酸酯化，再与γ-氨丙基杂氯硅三环反应，合成了8种未见报道的酰基硫脲类杂氮硅三环化合物。所合成化合物的结构均通过^1HNMR和IR确认。     

取代苯磺酰氨基丙基杂氮硅三环化合物的合成

通过取代苯磺酰氯和γ-氨丙基杂氮硅三环的亲核取代反应，合成了苯磺酰氨基丙基杂氮硅三环、p-甲基苯磺酰氨基丙基杂氮硅三环、p-氯代苯磺酰氨基丙基杂氮硅三环、p-溴代苯磺酰氨基丙基杂氮硅三环、m-硝基苯磺酰氨基丙基杂氮硅三环5种取代苯磺酰氨基丙基杂氮硅三环类化合物；用IR和^1HNMR等方法对其结构进行了表征，并初步探讨了反应条件。     

含杂氮硅三环的取代芳酰基硫脲化合物的合成及杀菌活性

以取代苯甲酸为原料，经过氯化、异硫氰酸酯化，再与氨丙基杂氮硅三环反应，合成了10种含杂氮硅三环的取代芳酰基硫脲化合物。用IR-1HNMR和元素分析确认了产物的结构，并对其杀菌活性进行了测试。结果表明，所有化合物对植物病原茵都有较好的抑制作用，对黄瓜灰霉菌的抑制效果最高可达98％。     

取代芳酰胺基丙基杂氮硅三环化合物的合成

通过氨丙基杂氮硅三环与取代苯甲酰氯的酰基化反应，合成了7种取代芳酰胺基丙基杂氮硅三环化合物，产率49％－83％；用^1H NMR和IR等方法对其结构进行了鉴定，并初步探讨了反应条件。     

3─（4─羟基苯亚甲基）氨基丙基杂氮硅三环合成方法的改进

３─（４─羟基苯亚甲基）氨基丙基杂氮硅三环合成方法的改进叶发青，罗宣干，卓仁禧（咸宁医学院化学教研室，咸宁４３７１００）（武汉大学化学系，武汉４３００７２）杂氮硅三环席夫碱型的化合物具有抗肿瘤、杀菌等多种生物活性［１～３］。其合成方法有两种，一是以苯...     

杂氮硅三环化合物的合成与生物活性

综述了近10年来杂氮硅三环化合物的合成方法和生物活性研究进展，并简要介绍了生物活性和化合物结构的关系。     

烟煤和褐煤分级萃取物的GC/MS分析

采用乙醇、丙酮、离子液体/N-甲基吡咯烷酮(ILs/NMP)和在微波辅助下ILs/NMP分别对宁夏双马烟煤(SM)、宁夏鸳鸯湖烟煤(YYH)、云南莲花塘褐煤(LHT)、内蒙古通辽褐煤(TL)进行分级萃取,依次得到了萃取物(E 1~E 4)和萃余煤(R 1~R 4)。利用气相色谱质谱联用(GC/MS)对E 1~E 4进行分析,傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对R 1~R 4进行分析。结果表明:经乙醇、丙酮分级萃取之后,不同种类的亲水型离子液体对同一种煤的萃取率不同,亲水型离子液体与疏水型离子液体对同一种煤的萃取效果也不同,疏水型离子液体的萃取率更高。[Bmim]NTf 2/NMP的可检测化合物中发现酰胺类化合物,[Bmim]Cl/NMP的可检测化合物没有发现酰胺类化合物。分级萃取的萃余煤(R 1~R 4)中脂肪族化合物,芳香族化合物及含氮化合物的含量逐级减少,相应地,它们在萃取液中含量增大。微波辅助下,离子液体的加入可使煤中强键断裂,使萃取液中含氮化合物的种类明显增加。     

Differences among sibling speciesRhagoletis mendax andR. pomonella (diptera: ephritidae) in their antennal sensitivity to host fruit compounds

Prior electrophoretic and morphological studies have identified two closely related, economically important tephritid flies,R. mendax (Curran) andR. pomonella (Walsh), which infest the fruits of ericaceous and rosaceous plants, respectively. Further studies also have shown consistent differences among these species in their ovipositional preferences for apples and highbush blueberries and have determined that their ovipositional behavior is elicited by extracts obtained from these fruits. In this paper we report the results of an experiment that tested whether these species show distinct electroantennogram (EAG) responses to a large array of compounds present in gas chromatograph-fractionated pentane extracts of apples and highbush blueberries.R. mendax andR. pomonella flies were found to have significant differences in their antennal sensitivity to 11 blueberry and nine apple extract peaks, which correspond to 24.4% of all blueberry and 25.0% of all apple peaks that elicited a measurable EAG response from either species. Interspecific differences in peripheral sensitivity were more pronounced for blueberry than apple extract;R. pomonella flies were most sensitive to blueberry compounds with low retention times, whereasR. mendax flies responded to blueberry compounds with a broader range of retention times. Both species were most sensitive to apple peaks with high retention times. The retention times of most apple and blueberry peaks that elicited EAG responses fromR. mendax andR. pomonella flies were different from the retention times of seven attractant fruit esters that were previously identified by Fein et al. (1982). The identification of these unknown apple and blueberry compounds could lead to the discovery of new chemical cues that mediate the host-plant preferences of these sibling species.     

Parametric studies of DD3R particles seeding on the modified surface of α-alumina support and synthesis of DD3R zeolite membrane

The effects of suspension concentration, number of coating stages and dipping time on seeding quality of DD3R particles on the ceramic supports were investigated. The supports were immersed in aqueous suspensions (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3?wt. %) of the DD3R seeds for three different dipping times 30, 90 and 240?s with different stages of 1, 2 and 3. The SEM analysis was used to study the quality of the seeded layers. The optimized seeding conditions of 0.2?wt. % suspension concentration, 2 number of coating stages and 30?s for dipping time leaded to obtain a uniform seeded layer with monolayer structure. The DD3R zeolite membrane was synthesized via hydrothermal method under the optimized seeding conditions. The XRD and SEM analyses confirmed the synthesis of DD3R membrane with proper quality. The single gas permeation results showed a good performance in the separation of CO₂ from CH₄.     

Cuticular hydrocarbons and defensive compounds ofReticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) andR. santonensis (feytaud): Polymorphism and chemotaxonomy

Colonies ofReticulitermes flavipes andR. santonensis were collected from the southeastern United States (Georgia) and the southwest of France (Charente-maritime). Defensive compounds and cuticular hydrocarbons were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and quantified by gas chromatography using an internal standard for each caste and all colonies. These analyses show that although the cuticular hydrocarbons ofR. santonensis in Europe andR. flavipes in Georgia are identical, their relative proportions are different. However, the defensive compounds synthesized by their soldiers are different. A strong chemical polymorphism between sympatric colonies ofR. flavipes in the SW United States was detected in terms of both the hydrocarbons of the workers and soldiers and in the defensive secretions of the soldiers. The six defensive secretion phenotypes are based on the presence or absence of terpenes whereas the cuticular hydrocarbon phenotypes are based on significant differences in the proportions of the various components. A multivariate analysis (analysis of principal components) clearly permitted discrimination of four phenotypes (three inR. flavipes and one inR. santonensis) without intermediates. The hydrocarbons responsible for these variations were identified, and it was shown that the variations are neither seasonal nor geographic. The phenotypes of the cuticular hydrocarbons (workers and soldiers) and defensive compounds are linked in each colony, forming in three groups inR. flavipes Georgia, one subdivided into four subgroups according to the defensive secretion phenotypes. The role of these polymorphisms is discussed and ethological tests indicate that the chemical polymorphism do not determine aggressive behavior. The taxonomic significance of these results is considered and two hypothesis are formulated: (1) We only detected a strong genetic polymorphism in one unique species, and we believe thatR. santonensis was introduced into Europe in the last century from oneR. flavipes colony. (2) Chemical variability characterizes the sibling species that can be grouped into the same subspeciesR. flavipes. Unknown mechanisms of reproductive isolation separate them.     

手性双苯并咪唑化合物合成方法的改进

通过改进的Phillips方法用L（＋）－酒石酸、L（＋）－谷氨酸及L( )-天冬氨酸与邻苯二胺以盐酸盐形式在乙二醇中反应,合成了3种手性双苯并咪唑化合物（1R,2R）－二（2－苯并咪唑）乙二醇（HlbbImed);(1S),3-二（2－苯并咪唑）－1－丙胺（bbImpa),(1s),2-二（2－苯并咪唑）乙胺（bbImea);反应产率比文献方法提高。还用KBH4分别测定了各手性化合物对苯乙酮和丁酮的不对称氢化反应性能。     

A comparative study of the effect of some paraffinic oils on rheological and dynamic properties and behavior at low temperature in EPDM rubber compounds

The influence of some paraffinic oils on rheological properties, dynamic properties, and behavior at low temperature of various ethylene–propylene–diene monomer rubber (EPDM) compounds was studied. Three different types of EPDM, Dutral TER 4049, Dutral Ter 4038, and Nordel IP 4770 R, and five different paraffinic oils were used. The properties of the compounds were evaluated with reference to the oil characteristics: viscosity, composition, glass transition temperature, and solubility parameter. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1825–1834, 2005     

不同曝气控制方式下的活性污泥呼吸速率特征研究

采用两个相同的反应器R1和R2,研究了不同曝气控制方式下活性污泥理化特征及呼吸图谱的变化。其中R1根据活性污泥现状呼吸速率变化调整曝气量;R2根据出水水质变化调整曝气量。结果表明,R1的曝气控制方式能准确反映微生物的实际需氧量,有利于系统长期稳定运行。不同控制方式下污泥沉降性、浓度及形态差异较大,但出水水质情况相似;颗粒污泥形成期间总呼吸速率升高,稳定的活性污泥总呼吸速率及比内源呼吸速率稳定;呼吸速率相对于出水水质变化具有更高的灵敏度,能及时反映微生物的状态。     

三唑硫酮类化合物的合成与生物活性

[方法]三唑硫酮类化合物具有广谱的生物活性。以2-氯烟酸为起始原料,经6步反应,设计并合成了一系列三唑硫酮类化合物,通过核磁等分析手段确定了其结构,并进行了生物活性测试。[结论]共合成8个化合物,生测结果表明:该类化合物对白粉病具有较好的防治效果,并对其进行了初步的构效关系研究。构效关系表明:R2为吸电子取代基的化合物活性大于R2为给电子基取代的化合物。通过比较R1的不同取代位置,发现对位取代的化合物活性>邻位取代的化合物的活性>间位取代的化合物的活性。     

非共沸混合工质R32/R134a在水平微翅管内流动沸腾特性

对非共沸混合工质R32/R134a在5种水平微翅管内的流动沸腾特性进行了实验研究,获得了传热系数随质量流量、热通量及干度的变化关系,并对各种工况下的换热机理进行了分析和讨论.同时,对R22和R32/R134a在微翅管与光管内水平流动沸腾传热系数进行了比较.     

2-吗啉醇盐酸盐的手性合成及晶体结构

以单一手性纯试剂与外消旋体化合物反应,合成了4对手性纯化合物(2R,3R,5S)-2-吗啉醇盐酸盐及其对映体(2S,3S,5R)-2-吗啉醇盐酸盐。其结构经IR、1HNMR、13CNMR及ESI-MS表征,利用X-射线单晶衍射法测定了其中一对对映体的空间构型。利用吗啉六元环椅式构象比船式构象稳定的特性,系统探讨了以构象稳定性促进目标化合物构型形成的手性化合物合成机制及规律,为手性化合物合成方法提供了新启示。