强,弱碱阴床再生工艺探讨

介绍了强－弱碱阴床再生工艺，用该工艺在不增加任何投资的条件下，使弱碱树脂有效体积增加一倍，使弱，弱碱树脂配比趋于合理，可大幅度增加阴床周期制水量，降低碱耗。     

双室固定床离子交换器

双室离子交换器是在交换器中间设置一块隔板把它分成两个室,上室装弱型树脂,下室装强型树脂,运行时水流自上而下,再生时再液液向相反,称为双室固定床。一、工作原理双室离子交换器主要是利用弱酸或弱碱树脂的工作交换容量高,再生比耗低以吸弱碱树脂抗有机物污染性能好的特点,同时综合了逆流再生固定床的长处。在运     

离子交换法回收银的新方法

强碱性阴离子交换树脂虽然可以从氰化镀银废水中吸附银,但难以洗脱。日本资料介绍,上述废水流经酸性阳树脂及弱碱性阴树脂后,银被阴树脂吸附,并可用20 g/L NaCN及40 g/L NaOH的混合溶液洗脱。据此,我们进行了一系列试验,找到了较合适的弱酸阳树脂725及弱碱阴树脂707 B(均为上海树脂厂     

什么是半逆流再生?

正半逆流再生是四床五塔式除盐系统,离子交换处理的工艺流程为:阳床→脱碳→阴床→阳床→阴床。阴、阳树脂均为强碱、强酸性交换树脂。第一台阳床及阴床装有较多的树脂,可基本除去所有的离子;第二台阳床及阴床的树脂较少,起精制作用。再生时,酸、碱再生液分别先进入第二台阴、阳床,再串联至第一台的阴、阳床进行再生。各台交换器均采用顺流再生,操作较简单。此法具有分层再生的意思,由于树脂失     

普通阴阳离子交换器改造为双层床

普通一级除盐系统阴阳离子交换器周期制水量易受原水水质影响而大幅度下降，为提高制水量，降低生产成本，将普通阴阳离子交换床改造为弱-强型树脂组合(强碱性苯乙烯系阴离子交换树脂和大孔型弱碱性苯乙烯系阴离子交换树脂组成的阴床、强酸性苯乙烯系阳离子交换树脂和大孔型弱酸性丙烯酸系阳离子交换树脂组成的阳床)的双层床,有效地解决了制水量变化的难题。     

运行条件对弱碱性阴树脂交换容量利用率的影响

在水处理中，弱碱性阴树脂交换容量和发挥与许多因素有关。作者以试验数据为基础，阐述了弱碱阴床进水水质组成，运行流速、水温以及失效时的水酸度对弱碱性阴树脂交换容量利用率影响的一般规律。     

解决阳床逆流多次重复再生问题

吴泾电厂化水甲站是六套出力100t/h一级除盐设备。 工艺流程:阳床—脱碳器—弱碱阴床—强碱阴床。 出水水质:电导率<5p√cm,硅酸根<100户e/L,Na~ <300pg/L。 阳床采用逆流再生,再生剂为30％工业盐酸,阴床顺流再生先再生强碱阴床,强碱阴床排放的废液用来再生弱碱阴床,再生剂为30％工业氢氧化钠。     

IDRECO交换器的设计特点

华能国际电力开发公司引进的成套发电设备中有意大利IDRECO公司提供的水处理产品,其中阴床和混床的设计具有特色,现介绍给读者。(1)阴床为双室双层固定床,逆流再生,直径1900mm,设计出力85m~3/h。上室装弱碱树脂,下室装强碱树脂,用惰性材料     

双室床最优工况调试方法及运行注意事项

双室床调试中应注意控制好树脂和EPS惰性白球的高度，最佳再生剂量可通过测定再生废液中残余酸（碱）度确定。运行中应按设计要求选用水源；阴床再生应先预热，再用40℃热碱液再生；定期对树脂擦洗和活化，防止树脂污染，对已污染的树脂已早复苏。     

电站精处理高塔分离再生调试若干问题的探讨

探讨了新建发电机组精处理高塔分离再生调试过程中遇到的树脂填装、污染物去除、酸碱再生等若干问题,并提出了通过改变树脂分离罐界面感应器的位置,达到增减阴、阳树脂再生量的目的,利用阴树脂再生罐、阳树脂再生兼贮存罐中"带酸碱空气擦洗+反洗"法去除污染物,增加再生流速、酸碱耗的即时调整程序。此外,还建议同步再生阴、阳树脂,针对不同的树脂污染情况,对应不同的分离流量变化曲线,从而使得系统操作性更强。     

阴离子交换树脂对茶氨酸的吸附动力学和热力学

以酶法制备茶氨酸,研究了碱性条件下阴离子交换树脂对茶氨酸的吸附与分离. 结果表明,强碱性树脂对茶氨酸的吸附性能优于弱碱性树脂,且其吸附容量受pH值的影响较小,pH=9.0时凝胶型强碱性树脂HZ202对茶氨酸的平衡吸附量可达96.3 mg/g. 对HZ202吸附茶氨酸的吸附等温模型及动力学、热力学参数进行了分析,结果表明,茶氨酸在HZ202树脂表面为非均一分布,Spis模型可较好模拟其吸附等温线数据;热力学参数计算结果显示,不同温度下吸附过程的吉布斯自由能变DG均为负值,表明吸附为自发的放热过程;吸附过程的焓变DH=20.9~418.4 kJ/mol,可判断其为化学吸附. 茶氨酸吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,吸附过程受化学反应控制,提高茶氨酸初始浓度可提高吸附速率.     

ACID/BASE AND METAL UPTAKE PROPERTIES OF CHELATING AND WEAK BASE RESINS

Purolite's weakly basic experimental resins with diethanolamine, morpholine, 2-vinylpyridine, mono-and bispicolylamine functionalities were evaluated with respect to their hydrogen, Zn, Ni, Cu and Cd uptake, and compared with Purolite's commercial chelating iminodiacetate, aminophosphonate and hydroxamic acid resins. Special attention was paid to the resin performances in acidic solutions. In general, diethanolamine, morpholine and 2-vinylpyridine resins took up these metals poorly. Only cadmium was retained in acidic solutions, probably as negatively charged chloride complexes. The chelating resins, with their weakly acidic groups, did not function in acidic solutions but worked well at pH 4 and above. The only resin that efficiently removed metals from acidic solutions was the bispicolylamine resin. Metal uptake values on this resin did not change appreciably in the pH range between 1 and 6. Maximum uptake values ranged between 0.6 and 1.7 mmol/g, being highest for copper and lowest for nickel. Acid/base properties of the weakly basic resins did not correlate with their capability to take up metals from solution: the results obtained did not support the initial assumption that the weaker the resins are the better they take up metals in acidic solutions.     

Synthese von bipolaren Ionenaustauscherharzen

Synthesis of Bipolar Ion Exchange Resins Syntheses of weakly acid/strongly basic and weakly acid/weakly basic bipolar ion exchange resins with varying acid and basic capacities via subsequent introduction of the exchange active groups in suitable crosslinked skeletal polymers are described. Methylacrylate-styrene-divinylbenzene polymers of varying composition which can be quantitatively chloromethylated and subsequently fully aminated (trimethylamine) and partially saponified in one process step were used as starting polymers for weakly acid/strongly basic resins. The reverse route saponification of the ester groups first, followed by chloromethylation of the aromatic parts of the matrix and animation turned out to the possible, if at all, only for bipolar resins of strongly predominant basic character. The capacity parameters can be controlled through the composition of the matrix. Polymethylacrylates crosslinked with divinylbenzene served as polymer basis of the weakly acid/weakly basic bipolar ion exchange resins. The functionalization was achieved by partial aminolysis with polyamines (dimethylaminopropylamine, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine) and saponification with lyes. The number of basic and acid groups which can be introduced is governed primarily by the conditions of the aminolysis. The capacity parameters are controllable within a broad range by the procedures.     

Removal of phosphorus from anaerobic membrane bioreactor effluent by ion exchange resin

The adsorption and regeneration mechanisms of phosphorus in anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) effluent by anion exchange resins were investigated in this study. A strongly basic anion exchange resin (Amberlite IRA958) was selected due to its higher exchange capacity and antifouling performance. The effects of wastewater compounds, flow rate, and bed height of dynamic ion exchange column were determined. The dynamic ion exchange column exhibited stable treatment capacity and high exchange/regeneration capacity for phosphorus for long-term operation. However, humic acid could not be entirely regenerated by NaCl solution and the optimal regeneration protocol needs further investigations.     

有机羧酸在弱碱性树脂上的吸附平衡

引　言有机羧酸是重要的化工原料 ,在化工、染料、食品及医药等领域有着广泛的用途 .有机羧酸的重要制法之一是发酵法 ,其特点是原料的利用及转化率较高 ,而分离费用一般占整个产品成本的 50 %～60 % [1].例如 ,乳酸发酵液中除乳酸和葡萄糖外还有乙酸、丁二酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸等常见的有机羧酸 ,其中约含乳酸 3.5%、乙酸 1 .0 % .此外 ,发酵法制备乳酸存在着明显的产物抑制现象 ,发酵液中的乳酸浓度过高将直接影响过程速率 .选择新的有机羧酸分离方法 ,保证在有利于发酵过程的条件下有效地分离发酵液中的有机羧酸 ,已经成为近年来稀溶液分离…     

两性蛇笼树脂的开发及应用

介绍了首次在国内合成的蛇笼树脂。系统地研究了以强碱阴离子交换树脂为笼，使丙烯酸单体在笼中聚合成蛇的合成反应条件。合成出的蛇笼树脂用于除去腈纶纺丝溶剂ＮａＸＣＮ溶液中可溶性不挥发杂质，杂质脱除率７０％～９０％，达到目前美国同类树脂Ｒｅｔａｒｄｉｏｎ１１Ａ－８的水平（其杂质脱除率为７０％～７５％）．提出了蛇笼树脂离子阻滞交换量的概念，建立了切实可行的、准确可靠的测定方法，并在国内进行了蛇笼树脂残余阴离子交换量、残余阳离子交换量的测定，建立了一整套合理准确的测定方法，测定的相对误差在０．７７％以内，同时完成了该树脂的工业应用实验。     

THE INFLUENCE OF CROSSLINKAGE ON THE DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS AND ANION EXCHANGE BEHAVIOUR OF SOME ELEMENTS IN HYDROCHLORIC ACID

Equilibrium distribution coefficients are presented for Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Fe(III), Ga(III), In(III), Th(IV) and U(VI) on the strongly basic anion exchangers AG1-X2, AG1-X4, AG1-X8, AG1-X10 and AG MP-1 in hydrochloric acid. Coefficients generally increase with increase in crosslinkage, while exchange kinetics show a marked improvement with decrease in crosslinkage. Elution curves for some elements on the lower crosslinked resins AG1-X2 and AG1-X4 and on the macroporous resin AG MP-1 demonstrate the advantages of these resins for some separations.     

一种耐高温阴离子交换树脂的合成及在催化合成丙酸苄酯中的应用

以大孔型氯甲基化交联聚苯乙烯为原料,三丁胺为胺化试剂,合成了一种强碱性阴离子交换树脂。测定了树脂在水中的热稳定性,结果表明树脂的热稳定性比普通强碱性阴离子交换树脂的有明显提高。将树脂应用于催化合成丙酸苄酯,在优化条件下,丙酸苄酯的收率接近100%,且树脂连续使用5次的催化活性基本保持不变。     

树脂吸附结合还原络合法去除盐酸中的铁离子

研究D201强碱性阴离子交换树脂（Cl型）吸附结合还原络合法进行盐酸除铁离子精制的过程,最佳试验条件为：采用D201强碱性阴离子交换树脂（Cl型）,还原剂硫代硫酸钠加入量1%（相对树脂质量,下同）,螯合剂EDTA加入量0.5%;在该条件下进行盐酸除铁离子精制,铁离子质量浓度降至0.1 mg/L以下。     

Studies on anion-exchange resins IV. Chelating properties of anion exchangers prepared from melamine and commercial cashewnutshell liquid

Two weakly basic anion exchangers have been investigated for the selective uptake of cations. The cashewnut- shell liquid - tetraethylene pentamine resin absorbs copper, nickel and cobalt at different pH of external solution. The unbuffered melamine-based resin was specific for copper, which could be separated from nickel and cobalt completely.