工程机械水性涂料涂装生产线的工艺设计

介绍了工程机械水性涂料涂装生产线工艺设计流程和适用于不同工件的水性涂料涂装工艺,分析了工程机械水性涂料涂装的优缺点,从上件、表面处理、喷涂底漆/面漆,到流平、烘干、下线等各环节对水性涂料涂装和溶剂型涂料涂装工艺进行了对比,讨论了工程机械水性涂料涂装设备设计的技术要求及在设备选型上需要考虑的因素,指出了行业未来的发展方向。     

工程机械履带涂料涂装工艺及发展趋势

介绍了工程机械履带涂装的功能、涂层性能要求，分析了履带涂装前处理工艺及溶剂型涂料、水性涂料、粉末涂料在工程机械履带涂装中的应用工艺，并讨论了工程机械履带涂装未来的发展趋势。     

第十六届全国涂料与涂装技术信息交流会暨汽车、工程机械、轨道交通涂装技术研讨会

随着经济建设的快速发展,我国已成为世界涂料生产和消费的第一大国,各种汽车、轨道交通、工程机械专用涂料的用量与日俱增,汽车、工程机械、轨道交通等行业涂装工艺、涂装设备、涂装管理的要求也越来越高。为了更好地促进汽车、工程机械、轨道交通等行业涂料涂装技术进步,搭建涂料与涂装工程师、各行业涂装工程师之间的技术交流平台,北方涂料工业研究设计院决定于2013年8月上旬围绕汽车、工程机械、轨道交通涂料涂装技术在兰州举办"第十六届全国涂料与涂装技术交流会暨汽车、工程机械、轨道交通涂装技术研讨会"。会议论文正在征集中,欢迎涂料涂装行业广大技术管理人员踊跃投稿。     

工程机械用超高固体分涂料喷涂工艺的研究

根据工机械涂料及涂装的要求,采用聚天门冬氨酸酯涂料体系制备了超高固体分涂料并对其涂层性能要求、涂装工艺及涂装设备进行了讨论。结果表明,在合适的涂料配方、改进的施工工艺及优化的涂装设备下,聚天门冬氨酸酯涂料可满足工程机械用涂料及涂装的要求。     

工程机械用涂料与涂装发展方向

介绍了工程机械用涂料与涂装发展历程,涂料与涂装应用技术发展与进步,以及涂装管理的技术发展与进步。讨论了影响涂膜施工质量的因素。     

水性涂料在工程机械涂装中的应用

为了从源头上解决工程机械领域涂装环保需求,选择了水性工程机械涂料进行涂装,并讨论了水性工程机械涂料涂层性能指标,工程机械涂装工艺及常见涂装弊病和解决方案、水性涂料涂装线改造、水性涂装线废水处理等内容。试验表明:水性涂料涂层性能可达到与溶剂型涂料相当,在一定的施工条件范围内、在适当改造的涂装线条件下,可满足涂装生产线的施工效率。选择合适的漆雾絮凝剂也可有效分离漆渣且使处理后的涂装废水循环使用。     

征文通知

随着经济建设的快速发展,我国已成为世界涂料生产和消费的第一大国,各种商用车、轨道交通、工程机械专用涂料的用量与日俱增,商用车、工程机械、轨道交通等行业涂装工艺、涂装设备、涂装管理的要求也越来越高。为了更好地促进商用车、工程机械、轨道交通等行业涂料涂装技术进步,搭建涂料与涂装工程师、     

第十六届全国涂料与涂装技术信息交流会暨汽车、工程机械、轨道交通涂装技术研讨会征文通知

随着经济建设的快速发展,我国已成为世界涂料生产和消费的第一大国,各种汽车、轨道交通、工程机械专用涂料的用量与日俱增,汽车、工程机械、轨道交通等行业涂装工艺、涂装设备、涂装管理的要求也越来越高。为了更好地促进汽车、工程机械、轨道交通等行业涂料涂装技术进步,搭建涂料与涂装工程师、各行业涂装工程师之间的技术交流平台。     

“互融·共进”2014苏州 第十六届全国涂料与涂装技术信息交流会暨汽车、工程机械、轨道交通涂装技术研讨会通知

<正>随着经济建设的快速发展,我国已成为世界涂料生产和消费的第一大国,专用涂料的用量也与日俱增,汽车、工程机械、轨道交通等行业涂装工艺、涂装设备、涂装管理及对涂料、前处理的要求也越来越高。为了更好地促进汽车、工程机械、轨道交通等行业涂料涂装技术进步,搭建涂料与涂装工程师、各行业涂装工程师之间的技术交流平台,中昊北方涂料工业研究设计院有限公司定于2014年4月中旬围绕汽车、工程机械、轨道交通涂料涂装技术在苏州举办"第十六届全国涂料与涂装技术信息交流会暨汽车、工程机械、轨道交通涂装技术研讨会",欢迎涂料涂装行业广大技术管理人员踊跃参会。     

第十六届全国涂料与涂装技术信息交流会暨汽车、工程机械、轨道交通涂装技术研讨会通知

<正>随着经济建设的快速发展,我国已成为世界涂料生产和消费的第一大国,专用涂料的用量也与日俱增,汽车、工程机械、轨道交通等行业涂装工艺、涂装设备、涂装管理及对涂料、前处理的要求也越来越高。为了更好地促进汽车、工程机械、轨道交通等行业涂料涂装技术进步,搭建涂料与涂装工程师、各行业涂装工程师之间的技术交流平台,中吴北方涂料工业研究设计院有限公司定于2014年4月中旬围绕汽车、工程机械、轨道交通涂料涂装技术在苏州举办"第十六届全国涂料与涂装技术信息交流会暨汽车、工程机械、轨道交通涂装技术研讨会",欢迎涂料涂装行业广大技术管理人员踊跃参会。     

Enzymes-Assisted Extraction of Plants for Sustainable and Functional Applications

The scientific community and industrial companies have discovered significant enzyme applications to plant material. This rise imparts to changing consumers’ demands while searching for ‘clean label’ food products, boosting the immune system, uprising resistance to bacterial and fungal diseases, and climate change challenges. First, enzymes were used for enhancing production yield with mild and not hazardous applications. However, enzyme specificity, activity, plant origin and characteristics, ratio, and extraction conditions differ depending on the goal. As a result, researchers have gained interest in enzymes’ ability to cleave specific bonds of macroelements and release bioactive compounds by enhancing value and creating novel derivatives in plant extracts. The extract is enriched with reducing sugars, phenolic content, and peptides by disrupting lignocellulose and releasing compounds from the cell wall and cytosolic. Nonetheless, depolymerizing carbohydrates and using specific enzymes form and release various saccharides lengths. The latest studies show that oligosaccharides released and formed by enzymes have a high potential to be slowly digestible starches (SDS) and possibly be labeled as prebiotics. Additionally, they excel in new technological, organoleptic, and physicochemical properties. Released novel derivatives and phenolic compounds have a significant role in human and animal health and gut-microbiota interactions, affecting many metabolic pathways. The latest studies have contributed to enzyme-modified extracts and products used for functional, fermented products development and sustainable processes: in particular, nanocellulose, nanocrystals, nanoparticles green synthesis with drug delivery, wound healing, and antimicrobial properties. Even so, enzymes’ incorporation into processes has limitations and is regulated by national and international levels.     

Mechanisms Governing Anaphylaxis: Inflammatory Cells,Mediators, Endothelial Gap Junctions and Beyond

Anaphylaxis is a severe, acute, life-threatening multisystem allergic reaction resulting from the release of a plethora of mediators from mast cells culminating in serious respiratory, cardiovascular and mucocutaneous manifestations that can be fatal. Medications, foods, latex, exercise, hormones (progesterone), and clonal mast cell disorders may be responsible. More recently, novel syndromes such as delayed reactions to red meat and hereditary alpha tryptasemia have been described. Anaphylaxis manifests as sudden onset urticaria, pruritus, flushing, erythema, angioedema (lips, tongue, airways, periphery), myocardial dysfunction (hypovolemia, distributive or mixed shock and arrhythmias), rhinitis, wheezing and stridor. Vomiting, diarrhea, scrotal edema, uterine cramps, vaginal bleeding, urinary incontinence, dizziness, seizures, confusion, and syncope may occur. The traditional (or classical) pathway is mediated via T cells, Th2 cytokines (such as IL-4 and 5), B cell production of IgE and subsequent crosslinking of the high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) on mast cells and basophils by IgE-antigen complexes, culminating in mast cell and basophil degranulation. Degranulation results in the release of preformed mediators (histamine, heparin, tryptase, chymase, carboxypeptidase, cathepsin G and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and of de novo synthesized ones such as lipid mediators (cysteinyl leukotrienes), platelet activating factor (PAF), cytokines and growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Of these, histamine, tryptase, cathepsin G, TNF-α, LTC₄, PAF and VEGF can increase vascular permeability. Recent data suggest that mast cell-derived histamine and PAF can activate nitric oxide production from endothelium and set into motion a signaling cascade that leads to dilatation of blood vessels and dysfunction of the endothelial barrier. The latter, characterized by the opening of adherens junctions, leads to increased capillary permeability and fluid extravasation. These changes contribute to airway edema, hypovolemia, and distributive shock, with potentially fatal consequences. In this review, besides mechanisms (endotypes) underlying IgE-mediated anaphylaxis, we also provide a brief overview of IgG-, complement-, contact system-, cytokine- and mast cell-mediated reactions that can result in phenotypes resembling IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. Such classifications can lead the way to precision medicine approaches to the management of this complex disease.     

Effects of Extraction Temperature and Preservation Method on Functionality of Soy Protein

The effects of extraction temperature and preservation method on the functional properties of soy protein isolate (SPI) were determined. Four extraction temperatures (25, 40, 60, and 80 °C) were used to produce SPI and yields of solids and protein contents were determined. Three preservation methods were also tested (spray-drying, freeze-drying, and freezing–thawing) and compared to fresh (undried) samples for each extraction temperature. No differences in yields of solids and protein were observed among SPIs extracted at 25, 40, and 60 °C; however, SPI extracted at 80 °C yielded significantly less solids and protein. Extraction temperature significantly affected SPI functionality. As extraction temperature increased, solubility and emulsification capacity decreased; surface hydrophobicities, emulsification activities and stabilities, and dynamic viscosities increased; and foaming properties improved. Preservation method also significantly affected SPI functionality. Drying method did not affect the denaturation enthalpies of SPIs, but spray-dried SPIs had higher solubilities, surface hydrophobicities, and emulsification stabilities, and lower viscosities, emulsification activities and rates of foaming than freeze-dried SPI exhibited. Emulsification and foaming capacities and foaming stabilities were similar for both methods of drying. There was significant interaction between extraction temperature and preservation method for all functional properties except emulsification capacity.     

松香基表面活性剂研究进展

松香是一类产量丰富、价格低廉的可再生林产资源,被广泛地应用于食品、农业、橡胶、油墨、涂料等领域。松香的三环二萜结构具有超强的疏水性,通过催化异构、Diels-Alder加成等手段引入亲水基团可制备高附加值、易生物降解的绿色表面活性剂。本文从阴离子、阳离子、非离子和两性离子表面活性剂4个大类对松香基表面活性剂应用的文献及专利进行综述,重点分析了羧酸盐、磺酸盐、硫酸盐和磷酸盐4种阴离子型表面活性剂和季铵盐阳离子型表面活性剂,多元醇型和聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂,以及甜菜碱型和氧化胺型两性离子表面活性剂。剖析松香基表面活性剂产业化开发的新技术及新产品概况,提出松香基表面活性剂替代传统表面活性剂的潜在应用领域。同时,对松香基表面活性剂的研究发展与产业化发展进行了评价与展望。     

中低温煤焦油蒸馏过程中金属元素的迁移规律

以中低温煤焦油轻油和重油为实验原料,采用常压蒸馏获得170~200℃、200~240℃、240~270℃、270~300℃、300~320℃、320~340℃、340~360℃和360~390℃煤焦油馏分油;利用配有油品加氧制冷进样系统的ICP-OES测定了21种微量元素在馏分油中的含量,考察了不同馏分油中元素的分布情况。研究表明：在原煤焦油中,未发现Ag、Mg、Mo、Na、Ni、Fe、Mn、Cr及Ti元素,含量较高的元素有Sn、P、Al、Pb、Si,其中Sn元素在轻油和重油中的含量分别为11.78μg/g和14.04μg/g;在所有馏分油中,未发现Al、Mo、Fe、Mn、Cr及Ti元素,含量比较高的元素有Si、Sn、Na、Zn、Pb,特别是Si、Na、Sn、Zn、Ni、Pb及B元素可以有效富集于馏分油中。可能的原因是Ca、Fe、Mg、Al等金属以不同的盐类形态存在,在煤焦油脱水及<170℃蒸馏过程中,这些金属盐类会被部分带出,导致其在馏分油中的含量未富集或未检出;通过关联金属元素在馏分油中的分布与其组成的关系,馏分油中元素的分布可能与酚类化合物、杂环化合物和蒸馏温度等相关。酚类化合物及杂环化合物可能与Ag、B、Cu、Mo、Sn、Na、Zn、Ca、Pb等金属形成络合物或卟啉配合物,蒸馏温度一方面可以破坏Sn、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu、Ca、Pb等元素在馏分油中的结合力,另一方面也可以促进这些元素与馏分油中的含氧、含氮等化合物更好地发生化合反应,进而影响金属元素在馏分油中的含量分布。     

Recent Progress in Biopolymer-Based Hydrogel Materials for Biomedical Applications

Hydrogels from biopolymers are readily synthesized, can possess various characteristics for different applications, and have been widely used in biomedicine to help with patient treatments and outcomes. Polysaccharides, polypeptides, and nucleic acids can be produced into hydrogels, each for unique purposes depending on their qualities. Examples of polypeptide hydrogels include collagen, gelatin, and elastin, and polysaccharide hydrogels include alginate, cellulose, and glycosaminoglycan. Many different theories have been formulated to research hydrogels, which include Flory-Rehner theory, Rubber Elasticity Theory, and the calculation of porosity and pore size. All these theories take into consideration enthalpy, entropy, and other thermodynamic variables so that the structure and pore sizes of hydrogels can be formulated. Hydrogels can be fabricated in a straightforward process using a homogeneous mixture of different chemicals, depending on the intended purpose of the gel. Different types of hydrogels exist which include pH-sensitive gels, thermogels, electro-sensitive gels, and light-sensitive gels and each has its unique biomedical applications including structural capabilities, regenerative repair, or drug delivery. Major biopolymer-based hydrogels used for cell delivery include encapsulated skeletal muscle cells, osteochondral muscle cells, and stem cells being delivered to desired locations for tissue regeneration. Some examples of hydrogels used for drug and biomolecule delivery include insulin encapsulated hydrogels and hydrogels that encompass cancer drugs for desired controlled release. This review summarizes these newly developed biopolymer-based hydrogel materials that have been mainly made since 2015 and have shown to work and present more avenues for advanced medical applications.     

Organokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Critical Review

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints. Organokines can produce beneficial or harmful effects in this condition. Among RA patients, organokines have been associated with increased inflammation and cartilage degradation due to augmented cytokines and metalloproteinases production, respectively. This study aimed to perform a review to investigate the role of adipokines, osteokines, myokines, and hepatokines on RA progression. PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane were searched, and 18 studies were selected, comprising more than 17,000 RA patients. Changes in the pattern of organokines secretion were identified, and these could directly or indirectly contribute to aggravating RA, promoting articular alterations, and predicting the disease activity. In addition, organokines have been implicated in higher radiographic damage, immune dysregulation, and angiogenesis. These can also act as RA potent regulators of cells proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, controlling osteoclasts, chondrocytes, and fibroblasts as well as immune cells chemotaxis to RA sites. Although much is already known, much more is still unknown, principally about the roles of organokines in the occurrence of RA extra-articular manifestations.     

Role of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) carbohydrates in resistance to budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis)

The current year's growth of Douglas fir contains galactose, unusual in that this carbohydrate makes up 78.7% of the total carbohydrate fraction. An agar diet study was undertaken to determine the effects of galactose, other carbohydrates, and terpenes on western spruce budworm larval mortality, growth rate, and adult biomas production. All concentrations of the carbohydrates and terpenes tested, as well as other mineral elements not tested, were typical of the current year's foliage of Douglas fir. In experiment I, the diet containing 5.61% total carbohydrate did not significantly affect larval mortality when compared to the control diet. However, diets containing 9.45% and 15% total carbohydrate concentrations significantly increased larval mortality 64% and 96.1%, respectively, when compared to the control. Also in experiment I, terpenes alone (78.9% morality) and terpenes in combination with 9.45% and 15% total carbohydrates significantly increased larval mortality (97.2% and 100%, respectively) when compared to mortality on the control diet (44%). To determine which carbohydrate was causing the adverse effect, 6% glucose, 6% fructose, and 6% galactose were placed individually and in combination with terpenes in diets in experiment II. The 6% galactose diet significantly increased larval mortality and reduced growth rate when compared to the control, glucose, and fructose diets. Glucose resulted in 16% less larval mortality, significantly enhanced female larval growth rate and pupal weight, but did not affect male larval growth rate and pupal weight, when compared to the control. Fructose resulted in a significant decrease in larval mortality and a general trend of enhanced female and male larval growth rate and pupal weight. Larval mortality on terpenes alone was not significantly different from the control, but terpenes with 6% galactose increased larval mortality and decreased female and male growth rate and pupal weight significantly when compared to glucose-terpene and fructose-terpene diets. No significant interactions were found between carbohydrates and terpenes in either experiment.     

High-Performance Polymers for Separation and Purification Processes: An Overview

Separation and purification techniques are applied in many important fields, such as in the medical, chemical, metallurgical, environmental, and pharmaceutical industries. Recent advances in separation science and the urgent need for highly selective purification have necessitated a rapid progress with respect to the reagents, chemicals, and surfactants used in separation processes to attain a high efficiency and selectivity. Polymeric materials have attracted considerable interest, and they have been widely used as extractants, catalysts, and modifiers, in separation and purification processes. This review outlines the recent advances in the use of novel polymers, natural and synthetic, in different separation and purification techniques. Various separation techniques such as chromatography, crystallization, precipitation, distillation, electrophoresis, filtration, and mineral processing methods are discussed, and the polymers used in each method are described in terms of their properties, structure, and function. The application of polymers shows great promise in achieving a highly efficient separation, especially in the areas of membrane separation and water purification. The rational design of new multifunctional polymers with triggered functions presumably presents new opportunities for the development of advanced separation methods.