滚揉腌制对牛肉盐水火腿品质的影响

本实验采用牛霖肉为原料,以出品率、质构特性、感官评定、色差、水分质量分数、水分活度、pH值、蒸煮损失率、腌制液吸收率、水分迁移规律、微观结构及蛋白质二级结构相对含量作为考察指标,将静置腌制牛肉作为对照组,探究了不同滚揉腌制(常压滚揉腌制、脉动真空滚揉腌制、真空滚揉腌制)对牛肉盐水火腿品质的影响。结果表明,真空滚揉腌制时,牛肉盐水火腿出品率为122.40%,相比对照组提高了11.85%。真空滚揉腌制牛肉盐水火腿保水性、质构和微观结构得以改善,感官评定总分最高。真空滚揉腌制牛肉盐水火腿蛋白质二级结构由无规卷曲等无序结构向α-螺旋等有序结构转变,使其凝胶网络结构的稳定性更强,产品的质构特性更好。综上,真空滚揉腌制更适合牛肉盐水火腿的加工。本研究为牛肉盐水火腿的品质保证和工业化生产提供理论依据,同时也为适宜性牛肉滚揉腌制技术的探究提供参考。     

不同牛肉部位对牛肉片品质的影响

为研究不同部位牛肉加工成牛肉片后品质的差异,选择辣椒条、霖肉、腱子肉和黄瓜条为原料加工成牛肉片,分别测定其出品率、色差、剪切力、水分含量及水分分布等指标,并进行感官评价。结果表明：辣椒条加工的牛肉片感官总分最高,为14.44 分,剪切力为5.31 N,显著低于其他组牛肉片;低场核磁共振结果表明,辣椒条制作的牛肉片不易流动水含量最高,保水性最好;牛腱制作的牛肉片感官总分最低,为12.22 分,剪切力为11.54 N,显著高于其他组牛肉片,嫩度最差。因此,以辣椒条为原料生产的牛肉片品质最好。     

不同部位西门塔尔杂交黄牛肉干品质差异分析

为研究不同部位牛肉品质的差异,选取西门塔尔杂交黄牛的臀肉、肩肉、黄瓜条、米龙、霖肉5 个部位, 通过测定出品率、嫩度、风味、色泽和感官品质等指标,探讨部位对黄牛肉干品质的影响规律。结果表明：以米龙 制备的黄牛肉干出品率、水分含量和水分活度均显著高于其他部位黄牛肉干（P＜0.05）,且核磁共振信号强度较 大;黄牛肉干的亮度值表现为肩肉＞黄瓜条＞米龙＞霖肉＞臀肉,以米龙制备的黄牛肉干的红度值（5.76）和黄度 值（10.23）均为最大;以黄瓜条和米龙制备的黄牛肉干挥发性风味差异较小,以肩肉制备的黄牛肉干挥发性风味 与其他4 个部位黄牛肉干差异较大;根据主成分分析和聚类分析得出各指标权重,出品率权重较大,以米龙制备的 黄牛肉干出品率最高,因此米龙较适合加工成牛肉干。     

无淀粉火腿综合品质的比较

选用4种不同品牌无淀粉火腿,并对无淀粉火腿的保水性、颜色、感官评定、质构特性和微观结构进行研究。结果表明,4种品牌无淀粉火腿的保水性、颜色和质构特性具有显著性差异(p0.05),品牌A和B的无淀粉火腿保水性、口感、质构特性和微观结构均较好。品牌A的亮度值和黄度值最大,而品牌B感官评定结果较好。     

不同部位牛肉对杏鲍菇牛肉菜肴品质的比较分析

为研究不同部位牛肉对杏鲍菇牛肉菜肴品质的影响,本文选择里脊、牛腩、后腿、黄瓜条和肩肉五个部位的牛肉,采用相同工艺制作杏鲍菇牛肉菜肴,进行探究不同部位牛肉对菜肴品质的影响。本文采用了质构分析仪、电子鼻、气质联用、扫描电镜等,分别从嫩度、质构、风味以及微观结构等方面进行了探讨。在嫩度方面,牛后腿的嫩度值最大,其次是黄瓜条部位。质构方面,里脊品质最好,黄瓜条次之;在风味物质方面,通过分析检测出的挥发性风味物质,肩肉26种、黄瓜条20种、里脊16种、后腿15种、牛腩12种;电子鼻雷达图显示5个部位牛肉的敏感物质类型没有显著性差异。微观结构方面,扫描电镜显示黄瓜条和肩肉部位肌纤维空隙和断裂程度最大。黄瓜条部位在感官评分中得到85分。结果得出,采用不同的牛肉部位制作杏鲍菇牛肉菜肴,黄瓜条部位风味物质20种、嫩度和质构品质较好、感官评分最高,因此,以黄瓜条部位为原料制作的杏鲍菇牛肉菜肴品质最好。     

直链/支链淀粉对鱼丸质构特性及感官品质的影响

为探究直链/支链淀粉对不同来源（海水鱼/淡水鱼）鱼丸的质构特性以及感官品质的影响,采用质构剖面分析法（texture profile analysis,TPA）测定鱼丸的质构特性,结合感官品质评定方法对鱼丸质构进行综合评定,并辅以持水性分析和微观结构观察,研究鱼丸凝胶性质。结果表明：相对于直链淀粉,支链淀粉在鱼丸加工工艺中能更有效地提高其硬度和咀嚼性。以鲅鱼肉作为鱼丸原料相较于巴沙鱼肉具有更高的蛋白质及更低的脂肪含量,更为优越的质构特性、感官品质以及持水性。     

高压和常压熟制工艺对番茄红烧牛肉食用品质的影响

实验以牛腩肉和番茄为主要原料,采用高压和常压2种熟制工艺制作番茄红烧牛肉,对比分析高压和常压熟制后牛腩肉的色泽、质构、含水量、出品率以及感官评分,为红烧牛肉的熟制工艺标准化提供数据支撑.结果表明,在熟制时间相同的前提下,高压处理组的牛腩肉拥有更高的弹性和胶粘性,含水量和出品率相对较高且拥有较高的感官评分;常压处理组的牛...     

不同部位新疆褐牛肉的品质差异分析

为明确新疆褐牛不同部位肉的营养品质、食用品质和加工特性等方面的差异,测定新疆褐牛黄瓜条、臀肉、外脊、牛腩、霖肉、肩肉和牛腱7个部位的蛋白质、水分、脂肪、胶原蛋白含量、质构、剪切力、色差、pH值及加工特性.结果表明:不同部位新疆褐牛肉的蛋白质含量19.57％～22.90％,脂肪含量0.98％～2.85％;牛腱脂肪含量显著...     

添加不同种类淀粉对盐水火腿品质的影响

以猪肉为主要原料,制备盐水火腿,研究不同种类的淀粉对盐水火腿的保水保油性、质构、感官品质的影响.结果表明:在6种添加不同种类淀粉的火腿中,添加玉米原淀粉的盐水火腿保水保油性最差,添加木薯乙酰化双淀粉已二酸酯淀粉和复配淀粉C的盐水火腿保水保油性最好;添加复配淀粉C的盐水火腿质构最好,其次是添加复配淀粉B、木薯乙酰化双淀粉己二酸酯淀粉、复配淀粉A、玉米乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯淀粉的盐水火腿,添加玉米原淀粉的盐水火腿质构最差;添加复配淀粉C的盐水火腿感官评价最好.     

不同熟制度牛肉的品质变化研究

选用品质相同的澳洲优质牛里脊肉制作牛排,分别测定其在三成熟、五成熟及七成熟时的烹饪失水率、持水力、剪切力、TPA物性、p H、水分、蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、灰分等,并建立感官评定小组进行感官评价。结果表明,烹饪失水率和持水力受牛肉的熟制程度影响较大。在质构特性上,三成熟与五成熟牛肉无显著差异,与七成熟牛肉差异显著。在营养成分上,牛肉的粗脂肪与水分含量逐渐降低,蛋白质与灰分含量无显著变化。从三成熟到七成熟的牛肉p H逐渐增大,表明加热过程带有轻微的排酸作用。感官评分上,七成熟牛肉的得分最高,此时牛肉的风味能最大限度地体现出来,嫩度与肉质纤维均保持最佳。     

添加木质肉的鸡肉火腿肠品质特性分析

为探究木质肉(Woody breast,WB)添加量对鸡肉火腿肠品质特性的影响及其添加的可行性,以5种不同木质肉添加量的火腿肠为研究对象,对其质构、感官、水分分布及微观结构进行检测分析。结果表明:木质肉添加量维持在50%时,火腿肠弹性、回复性、粘聚性参量最优,均达到优级火腿肠评判标准,分别为0.83、0.29、0.71,其质地、感官总评最高,分别为1.67和4.50。低场核磁显示木质肉添加量为50%时,自由水占比最低,结合水占比最高,分别为2.99%和0.78%,不易流动水基本保持不变。火腿肠微观结构随着木质肉添加量的增加由完整、清晰、分布均匀变为多孔洞、蓬松状。研究表明,将木质肉以肉糜的状态加入火腿肠具有一定可行性,且添加适量的木质肉糜对优化火腿肠品质具有一定的作用。     

Weight Loss and Sensory Attributes of Temperature Conditioned and Electrically Stimulated Hot Processed Pork

The effects of different electrical stimulation (ES) and conditioning systems on various attributes of postmortem pork muscle were investigated, using three hot boning systems (HB/11^oC–5 hr; HB; 17^oC– 3 hr; HB/ES– 1hr) and two cold boning systems (CB/controls; CB/ ES–24 hr). After each treatment, the cuts were vacuum packaged and chilled to 3^oC. The loin, top ham, bottom ham and knuckle of each were evaluated. Only the knuckle was not affected by processing treatment. The three hot boning systems produced cuts with significantly lower purge values in two-thirds of the cuts. CB/ES–24 hr resulted in high levels of purge, high cook losses and low sensory ratings for juiciness. Hot processed cuts were either equal to or superior to the conventionally processed cuts in every trait evaluated.     

Influence of Anatomical Retail Cut on Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Foal “Cecina”

The effect of anatomical retail cut (knuckle, topside, and silverside) on physicochemical properties, fatty acid profile, and sensory characteristics of dry-cured foal “cecina” was studied. Almost all physicochemical properties were affected by anatomical retail cut, since the silverside presented significantly (p < 0.05) less moisture and protein content and more NaCl content than the topside and the knuckle cuts. Instrumental color parameters were also affected by piece type, having the knuckle pieces a more intense red, higher yellowness, and higher lightness compared to silverside and topside cuts. The results from the Warner-Bratzler test showed a marked difference (p < 0.001) among anatomical retail cuts, since the highest values of shear force were observed in silverside samples (9.5 versus 6.3 versus 2.3 kg/cm²; for silverside, knuckle, and topside cuts, respectively). Finally, sensorial analysis showed that dry-cured foal “cecina” manufactured from silverside was saltier, harder, and less juicy than those from the knuckle and topside cuts.     

κ-卡拉胶与亚麻籽胶复配对成型火腿品质的影响

以成型火腿为研究对象,通过分析保水性（加压失水率、蒸煮损失率）、质构（硬度、内聚性、弹性、咀嚼度、胶着性）、色差及感官指标,研究不同添加量κ-卡拉胶（0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%）对成型火腿品质的影响,以不添加κ-卡拉胶的成型火腿为对照,筛选出κ-卡拉胶的适宜添加量;将κ-卡拉胶和亚麻籽胶按质量比1∶1、1∶2、2∶1、2∶0.6复配,以适宜添加量κ-卡拉胶加工的成型火腿为对照,研究二者协同对成型火腿品质的影响,筛选出二者最适配比。结果表明：添加0.3% κ-卡拉胶时,成型火腿的保水性、质构、色差、感官品质等指标均显著优于对照组（P＜0.05）;将κ-卡拉胶与亚麻籽胶按质量比2∶1复配可改善成型火腿的品质,尤其是切面微观结构。     

The effect of salt reduction on sensory quality and microbial growth in hotdog sausages,bacon, ham and salami

Sodium chloride (NaCl) is a multi-functional ingredient used to inhibit microbial growth and to ensure good texture and taste in processed meat. This study showed how moderately (22–25%) and greatly (43–50%) reduction of NaCl affected yield, sensory quality and microbial growth in hotdog sausages, bacon, cooked cured ham and salami. In greatly reduced products, the yield was reduced by 8% in sausages and 6% in ham, whereas the yield in bacon and salami remained unaffected. The microbial growth was generally not affected by reducing the content of NaCl to 2.0% in sausages, 2.3% in bacon, 1.7% in ham and 6.3% in salami (aqueous phase). Salt taste, juiciness and texture were the sensory parameters most affected by the NaCl reduction. In sausages and ham, reduction from 2.2% to 1.7% and from 2.3% to 1.3% (w/w), respectively, did not alter the sensory properties. In contrast, the sensory properties of bacon and salami were significantly affected already after a moderately reduction.