阵列射流冲击冷却流场与温度场的数值模拟

采用数值模拟方法对冲击冷却的流动和传热过程进行了三维数值研究。特别研究了在冲击孔叉排方式下,相邻孔间距、冲击距离以及射流入口雷诺数对冲击表面冷却流动传热特性的影响规律。     

阵列射流冲击冷却换热特性的数值研究

运用数值计算的方法对不同流动取向的多排孔冲击射流冷却特性进行了三维模拟,并对有初始横向流的多排孔冲击射流冷却特性进行了数值研究,揭示出射流雷诺数、流动方向、初始横向流对冲击冷却传热特性的影响规律。结果表明:研究范围内,射流雷诺数越大,冲击靶面换热效果越好;冲击腔室两端都设为出口时努赛尔数峰值所对应的射流驻点区向下游偏移最小且换热效果最好;当横流雷诺数与射流雷诺数之比大于0.5之后,有横流时的冲击射流冷却局部努赛尔数比无横流时有较为显著下降。     

Heat Transfer Control of an Impinging Inclined Slot Jets on a Moving Wall

This work is devoted to the numerical study of the interaction of an inclined plane turbulent jet with a moving horizontal isothermal hot wall. The inclination of the jet allows the control of the stagnation point location. The numerical predictions based on statistical modeling are achieved using second order Reynolds stress turbulence model coupled to the enhanced wall treatment. The jet Reynolds number (Re), surface‐to‐jet velocity ratio (R_sj); and optimal inclination angle of the jet (α) are varied. The calculations are in good agreement with the available data. The numerical results show that the heat transfer is greatly influenced by the jet Re and the velocity of the moving wall. The local Nusselt number (Nu) decreases with increasing R_sj (until R_sj = 1). However, the optimal inclination of the jet enhances heat transfer and modifies significantly the stagnation point location. Average Nu is correlated according with the problem parameters as .     

不同喷口结构对冲击式速冻机换热特性影响的模拟研究

为研究不同喷口结构时速冻机内流动和换热特性、优化速冻机的气流组织和提高换热效率,以冲击式速冻机为研究对象,设计了5种不同形式的条缝喷口,分别对这5种喷口喷射气流流动和换热特性进行数值模拟,对比分析喷射区域的气流组织,研究了被冲击的板带表面的温度场分布和Nu变化。研究表明:孔板式喷口的流量较小,为167. 9 m~3/h,换热的均匀性较差;组合式渐缩喷口的气流组织最佳,喷口出口的流量最大,为226. 2 m~3/h,同时板带表面的平均Nu也最高,达到29. 6。     

Heat Transfer Characteristics of Cooling High Temperature Steel Plate by Single Round Jet Impingement

The heat transfer characteristics of a single round air jet impingement on a high temperature steel plate were examined experimentally using a single‐point temperature measurement method, incorporated with solving the inverse heat conduction problem. During the experiments, the temperature of the steel plate varied from 1073 K to 373 K, the Reynolds number was set to 27,000, the nozzle to plate spacing was set to 4. The results indicated that the radial distribution of the local Nusselt number is bell‐shaped at the initial stage of the transient cooling process. As the cooling process continues, the local Nusselt numbers decrease and a second peak occurs at r/D = 2. The area averaged Nusselt number are in accordance with the correlation proposed by Hofmann and Martin at first and then decrease significantly, but this trend is not obvious at r/D > 10.     

高温差下卷吸作用对冲击射流换热影响数值研究

基于V2F湍流模型计算研究了卷吸作用对高温差下圆管冲击射流换热的影响,首先通过计算结果与实验值的对比验证模型方法的有效性,然后分析了基于绝热壁面温度计算的努赛尔数和射流有效度随射流和环境的温差以及雷诺数的变化,并研究了取不同定性温度对计算结果的影响。计算结果表明,高温差下定性温度取为射流温度时,基于绝热壁面温度计算的努赛尔数与射流和环境之间的温差近似无关,有效度也与雷诺数无关,但有效度随射流和环境的温差变化较大。因此,在温差较低时,依据射流和环境温度相同时的换热工况得到射流和环境温度不同时的换热工况是可行的,但温差越大,由该方法带来的误差也越大。     

矩形管湍流冲击射流流动与传热的数值研究

采用SIMPLE算法和RNG k-ε湍流模型,通过求解三维N-S方程和能量方程,对雷诺数为10000和冲击高度为4倍喷管水力直径的矩形管湍流冲击射流进行了数值模拟。结果发现在冲击面附近的射流横截面上,伴随着两个反向旋转涡对的出现,形成了主流速度的两个偏心峰值。分析认为双偏心速度峰值的形成是由冲击面产生的涡量向上游截面扩散而引起的。温度场和冲击面局部№数分布的研究结果表明：射流的传热特性受流动结构的控制,采用矩形管湍流射流可以获得较大的冲击区和较均匀的冷却效果。     

纳米流冷却液雾化射流缸盖鼻梁区的表面换热分析

提出了采用纳米流冷却液雾化冲击冷却提升缸盖鼻梁区高热密度区换热能力的方案,利用计算机仿真计算、高速摄影及内燃机台架系统研究了纳米流雾化冲击对缸盖高热密度区换热效果及不同冷却方案对柴油机工作性能的影响。研究结果显示,采用雾化冲击方式能实现缸盖高热密度区的良好冷却且温度一致性较好,温度值相差幅度不高于6℃。原因在于纳米流冷却液沸腾换热以核态沸腾为主,且雾化冲击冷却方式可以提升柴油机缸盖的进气质量流量,相比传统冷却方式最大可以提升9.7%的质量流量。在中高转速下NOx排放量和烟度值的最大降幅分别为2.7%和4.0%,在中低转速下HC及CO排放量的最大降幅分别为10.2%和5.3%。     

倾斜射流对移动平板表面紊动和传热特性的影响

采用雷诺应力湍流模型和Simplic算法对半封闭槽道内倾斜射流冲击移动平板的流动和传热特性进行了数值模拟,研究了不同射流角度和不同平板移动速度下平板近壁湍动能和板面努塞尔数的变化.结果表明：射流角度和平板运动速度对平板近壁湍动能和表面努塞尔数值分布影响显著;当入射角与平板运动方向相同时,板速的升高提高了近壁面的湍动能,但是降低了冲击区域的局部努塞尔数值;平板表面的平均努塞尔数值随板速的提高先降低后大幅升高,高速下角度对平板表面的平均传热效果影响较小;当入射角为80°,平板运动方向与入射方向相反且板速和射流速度相同时,在移动平板表面能够获得较佳的紊动和传热效果.     

Spatially Resolved Heat Transfer Rates in an Impinging Circular Microscale Jet

An experimental study of a submerged 125-μm circular microscale jet impingement is presented. These jets flows are associated with low exit Reynolds number and a correspondingly high, subsonic Mach number. Detailed distributions of heated and adiabatic wall temperature, and local and average Nusselt number variations are presented for five laminar exit Reynolds numbers in the range of 690 to 1770 at three nozzle-to-surface spacings of 2, 4, and 6 times the nozzle diameter. The corresponding jet exit Mach numbers range between 0.26 and 0.63. An infrared radiometer is used in conjunction with a heated-thin-foil technique to measure detailed surface temperatures. Results indicate that the adiabatic surface temperature distribution is relatively insensitive to nozzle-to-surface spacing within the parameter range studied. With an increase in Reynolds number, the adiabatic surface temperature decreases significantly near the stagnation point. The average Nusselt numbers are higher compared to Martin's correlation [1] Martin, H. 1977. Heat and Mass Transfer between Impinging Gas Jets and Solid Surfaces. Advances in Heat Transfer, vol. 13: pp. 1–60.  [Google Scholar] for large Reynolds numbers. A similar observation has been reported previously in a numerical study on microscale jet impingement [5] Pence, D. V., Boeschoten, P. A. and Liburdy, J. A. 2003. Simulation of Compressible Micro-Scale Jet Impingement Heat Transfer. Journal of Heat Transfer, vol. 125(no. 3): pp. 447–453. [CROSSREF] [Google Scholar] and attributed to compressibility of the flow and the possible existence of a slip flow.     

汽油机活塞冷却喷射两相流及传热分析

为了深入研究活塞冷却喷射的油束运动发展规律及不同活塞冷却方式对传热的影响,对比研究了3种活塞冷却方案.首先,在稳定的流场环境里对油束进行了验证,保证了后续瞬态强气流条件下喷射计算的准确度.通过曲轴箱内的仿真计算,得到了活塞冷却喷射图像、内冷油道与活塞底面的平均传热系数分布、活塞的温度分布.针对模型A(内冷油道强制冷却+...     

Numerical Investigation of Forced Convection Conjugate Heat Transfer from Offset Square Cylinders Placed in a Confined Channel Covered by Solid Wall

Flow over two isothermal offset square cylinders in a confined channel is simulated for different Reynolds numbers to disclose the forced convection heat transfer from the heated square cylinders to the ambient fluid. The spacing between the cylinder in the normal direction and the blockage ratio are fixed. The channel walls are covered by solid walls of thickness equal to the size of the cylinder and conjugate heat transfer is considered by including these walls. Heat transfer from the cylinders to the ambient fluid as well as that conducted within the solid wall through the conjugate interface boundary are investigated in connection with Reynolds number and are reported for both steady and periodic flows. Simulation is carried out for Reynolds number varying from 10 to 100 with air as the fluid. The onset of the vortex begins when the Reynolds number equals 48. The conjugate interface temperature declines when the Reynolds number grows. The isotherms in the solid wall show two dimensionality near the cylinder region.     

Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Solutions for Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations Arising in Flow and Heat Transfer due to Nonlinear Stretching Sheet

Optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM) is used to obtain solutions for nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) arising in fluid flow and heat transfer at a nonlinear stretching sheet. The solutions for skin friction and temperature gradient for some special cases are tabulated and compared with the available numerical results in the literature. Moreover, OHAM is found to be very easy to use and the technique could be used for solving coupled nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations arising in science and engineering.     

Numerical Study of Heat Transfer and Separated Flow over Rectangular Obstacle in Jet

This paper is about a separated reattaching flow over a hot rectangular obstacle. Two types of incoming flow are examined in order to show the influence of the external zone of the flow on the reattachment process. It comes about due to a wall jet and a boundary layer. The inner region of these two flows is similar, but their external regions are extremely different. The separating and reattaching flow phenomena are of particular interest in engineering fields such as for an aeronautical application. Wall jet flow over an obstacle occurs in many engineering applications such as environmental discharges, heat exchangers, fluid injection systems, cooling of combustion chamber wall in a gas turbine, automobile design, and others. In electronics cooling, the prediction of the Nusselt number distribution along the obstacles is necessary before the design of the apparatus. For a heated obstacle at a constant temperature, T = 350 K and an aspect ratio of 10 (L = 10 H), the problem parameters are: (a) jet exit Reynolds number (Re) ranged from 1000 to 50000, (b) incoming flow configuration (boundary layer and wall jet). The ratio between the thickness of the nozzle (b) to the obstacle height (H) are examined simultaneously. The formulation is based on the SST k–ω turbulence model. The results show that the increasing of nozzle thickness; enhances the heat transfer and considerably modifies the stagnation point location. The highest incoming flow momentum provides the greatest values of average Nusselt number. Such as the boundary layer case in comparison with the wall jet cases. The average Nusselt number is correlated according to problem parameters .     

涡轮叶片尾缘端部冲击流动与换热特性研究

针对涡轮叶片尾缘吸力面热应力集中,容易造成叶片尾部烧毁的现象,提出端部冲击扰流柱结构,采用Realizable k-ε湍流模型和增强壁面函数分析涡轮叶片尾缘内部流场和吸力面换热特性,研究不同冲击孔与扰流柱排列方式的影响,揭示端部冲击扰流柱结构的流场与换热机理。研究表明,端部冲击扰流柱结构对于改善吸力面的换热效果要优于中间冲击扰流柱结构,对端壁的换热有显著提高;各表面平均换热系数均随着压比的增大而增大,顺排结构时,冲击孔换热最强,扰流柱换热次之;叉排结构时,冲击孔换热最强,隔板迎风换热次之;近距离冲击,顺排的综合效果优于其它几种结构,而远距离冲击,叉排的综合效果最好,其吸力面温度分布较均匀。     

Effects of Variable Jet Nozzle Angles on Cross-Flow Suppression and Heat Transfer Enhancement of Swirl Chamber

This paper investigated the effects of variable jetting nozzle angles on the cross-flow suppression and heat transfer enhancement of swirl cooling in gas turbine leading edge. The swirl chamber with vertical jet nozzles was set as the baseline, and its flow fields and heat transfer characteristics were analyzed by 3D steady state Reynolds-averaged numerical methods to reveal the mechanism of cross-flow weakening the downstream jets and heat transfer. On this basis, the flow structure on different cross sections and heat transfer characteristics of swirl chamber with variable jetting nozzle angels were compared with the baseline swirl chamber. The results indicated that for the baseline swirl chamber the circumferential velocity gradually decreased and the axial velocity gradually increased, and the cross-flow gradually formed. The cross-flow deflected the downstream jets and drawn them to the center of the chamber, thus weakening the heat transfer. For swirl chamber with variable jetting nozzle angles, the air axial velocity is axial upstream, opposite to the mainstream, so that the impact effects of cross-flow on the jets were reduced, and the heat transfer was enhanced. Furthermore, with the increase of axial velocity along the swirl chamber, the jetting nozzle angle also gradually increased, as well as the effect of cross-flow suppression, which formed a relative balance. For all swirl chambers with variable jet nozzle angles, the thermal performance factors were all larger than 1, which indicated the heat transfer was enhanced with less friction increment.     

Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow over a Single Disk in a Fluid Rotating as a Rigid Body

Laminar heat transfer problem is analyzed for a disk rotating with the angular speed ωin a co-rotating fluid (with the angular speed Ω). The fluid is swirled in accordance with a forced-vortex law, it rotates as a solid body at β= Ω/ω= const. Radial variation of the disk's surface temperature follows a power law. An exact numerical solution of the problem is obtained basing on the self-similar profiles of the local temperature of fluid, its static pressure and velocity components. Numerical computations were done at the Prandtl numbers Pr = 1(?)0.71. It is shown that with increasing βboth radial and tangential components of shear stresses decrease, and to zero value at β= 1. Nusselt number is practically constant at β= 0(?) 0.3 (and even has a point of a maximum in this region); Nu decrease noticeably for larger βvalues.     

T型三通管横向射流流动与传热实验研究

对不同射流与主流流速比下T型三通管中横向射流的流动与传热进行了实验研究 ,得到了流动的基本特性以及不同流速比下局部点的温度波动特性 ,测量了几个关键处的局部传热系数。     

分离式热管倾斜蒸发段传热特性的试验研究

采用加热无缝钢管模拟倾斜布置的分离式热管蒸发段,分析了倾角、充液量、热流密度和工作压力对其传热特性的影响,并根据试验结果回归整理了相应的换热系数无量纲准则关系式,与试验数据吻合较好,计算误差小于15％。