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活性炭的性质及其在卷烟滤嘴中的应用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
活性炭的基本性质是无毒、无臭、无味,具有很大的选择性吸附能力.活性炭具有发达的微孔,对气相中有害物有明显吸附效果.国际上对用活性炭吸附卷烟烟气中有害组分作过广泛深入的研究,认为以烟重1%~15%的活性炭加入过滤材料中,可以除去烟气中的挥发性有机化合物,并改善卷烟的吸味.国内研究也认为加有活性炭的滤嘴卷烟对减少烟气中的有害成分对人体健康的危害作用比较明显.目前国内已研制出卷烟滤嘴用活性炭,它的功能主要是吸附不凝性气相有害组份,与其它滤材相辅相成.含活性炭卷烟滤嘴值得推广. 相似文献
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为提高活性炭的减害能力及降低活性炭滤嘴对烤烟型卷烟感官品质的负面影响,将NH_4Cl作为降温材料应用于卷烟滤嘴,利用快速微型测温热电偶测定NH_4Cl在滤嘴中的降温效果;将NH_4Cl和吸附材料活性炭混配制备成降温-活性炭滤嘴,采用国标和行业标准方法进行烟气有害成分分析,采用GC/MS法进行烟气粒相物成分分析。结果表明:①在达到现有活性炭滤嘴相同减害效果的情况下,降温-活性炭滤嘴的活性炭使用量可减少近45%;②降温-活性炭滤嘴中活性炭使用量的降低,减少了活性炭对卷烟香味成分的吸附。 相似文献
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以活性炭滤嘴卷烟、普通滤嘴卷烟为研究对象,采用单因素试验确定活性炭颗粒、丝束中香味成分的最优萃取条件,利用气相色谱-质谱技术(GC-MS)对两种卷烟抽吸后的烟蒂及主流烟气中的香味成分进行检测,比较两种卷烟香味成分的差异性,分析活性炭滤嘴对卷烟主流烟气中香味成分的截留规律。结果表明:1)活性炭颗粒最优萃取条件为以二氯甲烷作为萃取溶剂、萃取液体积25 mL、萃取时间为25 min、萃取温度为25℃;丝束最优萃取条件为以乙醇作为萃取溶剂、萃取液体积50 mL、萃取时间为35 min、萃取温度为30℃;2)活性炭颗粒截留的香味成分多为小分子物质;活性炭滤嘴卷烟丝束对香味成分的截留量均低于普通滤嘴卷烟丝束;整体上活性炭滤嘴对香味成分的截留量低于普通滤嘴,活性炭滤嘴卷烟主流烟气粒相物中香味成分的总含量高于普通滤嘴卷烟;3)活性炭滤嘴对主流烟气中大多数物质的截留率均低于普通滤嘴,其中大分子物质的截留率差异明显。 相似文献
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第一支活性炭滤嘴卷烟投放市场是在大约50年前,从那时起就有了大量关于利用活性炭吸附能力祛除卷烟烟气气相物成分的研究。这些研究可分为两种途径:一种是通过改变滤嘴原料或加工方法来控制活性炭的物理参数,如改变比表面积,孔结构及颗粒大小;另一种是通过某些添加剂或通过化学修饰来控制活性炭表面性状。活性炭滤嘴的功效以卷烟烟气成分在含量上和性质上的变化来衡量,这些变化包括:气相组分的释放量和烟气的生物活性。特别是近几年来,绝大多数研究都建立在使用活性炭,依靠活性炭的吸附力祛除卷烟烟气气相物达到降低其危害的理念上。本文利… 相似文献
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为了用卷烟滤嘴中的活性炭除去烟草烟气中的醛类,考察了活性炭比表面积、颗粒尺寸、孔道尺寸和分布,以及表面化学修饰对主流烟气中醛类吸附的影响。结果表明:①活性炭颗粒尺寸分布从300~400μm调节至500~600μm,滤除效果仅有微小改善;②除乙醛外,随着活性炭微孔体积和比表面积的增大,滤除效果显著提高;③介孔的引入可进一步提高滤除效果;④以乙二胺为氮源合成的表面官能化的活性炭,可以提高烟气中醛类的选择性滤除效果;⑤在滤嘴中活性炭添加量恒定为60 mg/支的情况下,在ISO条件下抽吸,当滤嘴中活性炭的单位长度添加量由2.5 mg/mm增加至5.0 mg/mm时,醛类的滤除效率有小幅度提高,但在深度抽吸机制下,滤除效率变化不明显;⑥胺基官能化的离子交换树脂(CR20)滤除醛类的选择性比活性炭高。在最大限度滤除主流烟气中的醛类时,物理吸附和化学吸附的滤除机制都很重要。 相似文献
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为研究纳米材料表面性质对选择性降低卷烟烟气中主要有害成分的影响,对亲水性纳米SiO2用三甲基氯硅烷进行了疏水改性,并将改性前后的纳米SiO2分别添加到烟丝和滤嘴中研究其对卷烟烟气有害成分含量的影响.结果表明:亲水纳米SiO2改性后,表面的硅羟基基本消失,样品呈现疏水性;烟丝中添加疏水改性纳米SiO2后,烟气中苯酚含量降低27.2%,巴豆醛降低12.4%,CO含量略有降低;与此相反,亲水性纳米SiO2不但没有使巴豆醛、苯酚以及CO的含量降低,反而有不同程度的上升;滤嘴中添加疏水纳米SiO2后,可选择性降低烟气中13.1%的苯酚和8.4%的巴豆醛;添加亲水纳米SiO2不能降低苯酚和巴豆醛的含量.因此,纳米材料的表面疏水性对其选择性吸附烟气中弱极性有害成分有重要作用. 相似文献
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凹凸棒石吸附剂在卷烟滤嘴中的应用实验 总被引:11,自引:4,他引:11
为寻求一种能够有选择性地去除卷烟烟气中有害物质的吸附剂 ,进行了凹凸棒石在卷烟滤嘴中的添加应用实验。在滤棒成形机上将 3%的凹凸棒石悬浊液均匀施加到开松后的醋酸纤维丝束上 ,制备成合格的滤棒样品 ,控制每支滤棒中的吸附剂含量约为 1.5mg ;取普通醋酸纤维滤棒作对照 ,与添加凹凸棒石吸附剂的醋酸纤维滤棒于同一卷接机组、同一原材料、同一卷制条件下卷接成烟支 ,进行卷烟烟气分析和评吸对比。实验结果表明 ,在醋酸纤维滤棒中添加凹凸棒石吸附剂 ,能使焦油降低 1.4mg 支 ,一氧化碳降低 1.1mg 支 ,而烟碱量保持不变 ,且卷烟的内在质量不受影响 ,能够保持卷烟原有的吸味风格。 相似文献
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应用含纳米贵金属催化材料降低卷烟烟气中CO技术研究 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
本研究利用常温多相催化氧化CO为CO2的原理,在国际上首次研制出了适合于烟草工业应用的含纳米贵金属催化材料和二元复合滤棒,进行了降低卷烟烟气中CO的试验研究。系统地研究了材料制备方法、活性组分、焙烧温度和活性组分担载量对催化材料催化性能的影响,确定了较佳的催化材料制备方法和条件。确定了二元复合滤棒是适合于降低卷烟烟气中CO的工艺添加方式。研究了催化材料粒度和添加量以及添加助剂对降低卷烟烟气中CO的影响,确定了较佳的催化材料的组成和工艺参数。应用最终确定的含纳米工具书催化材料制作的二元复合滤棒接装试验卷烟,与对照卷烟相比,普通卷烟的CO释放量可降低26.9%,低侧流卷烟的CO释放量可降低45.4%,并且卷烟感官质量基本保持不变。应用研究成果研制开发了一种低焦油、低CO烤烟型卷烟,焦油、CO和烟碱的释放量分别为10.0mg/支、9.1mg/支和0.93mg/支,符合欧盟对低释放量卷烟的规定。 相似文献
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Ram Bharose Sudhir Kumar Verma Vimalesh Kumar Singh 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2013,93(1):157-165
BACKGROUND: Carbon decolorisation has become customary in the food processing industries; however, it is not economical. Extensive research has therefore been directed towards investigating potential substitutes for commercial activated carbons which might have the advantage of offering an effective, lower‐cost replacement for existing bone char or coal‐based granular activated carbon (GAC). RESULTS: The physical (bulk density and hardness), chemical (pH and mineral content) and adsorption characteristics (iodine test, molasses test and raw sugar decolorisation efficiency) of powdered activated mustard cake (PAMC) made from de‐oiled mustard cake were determined and compared to commercial adsorbents. Although the colour removal efficiency of the PAMC is lower than that of commercial materials, it is cost effective and eco‐friendly compared to the existing decolorisation/refining processes. To reduce the load on GAC/activated carbon/charcoal, PAMC could be used on an industrial scale. A decolorisation mechanism has been postulated on the basis of oxygen surface functionalities and surface charge of the PAMC and, accordingly, charge transfer interaction seems to be responsible for the decolorisation mechanism. In addition, a complex interplay of electrostatics and dispersive interaction seem to be involved during the decolorisation process. CONCLUSION: A low‐cost agricultural waste product in the form of de‐oiled mustard cake was converted to an efficient adsorbent, PAMC, for use in decolorising raw as well as coloured sugar solutions. The physical, chemical, adsorption characteristics and raw sugar decolorisation efficiency of PAMC were determined and compared to those of commercial adsorbents. The colour removal efficiency of the PAMC is lower than that of commercial materials but it is cost effective and eco‐friendly as compared to existing decolorisation/refining processes. The availability of the raw material for the production of PAMC further demands its use on an industrial scale. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Vaughan W Rees Geoffrey Ferris Wayne Brian F Thomas Gregory N Connolly 《Nicotine & tobacco research》2007,9(11):1197-1206
Potential reduced exposure products (PREPs) purport to lower toxicant emissions, but without clinical and long-term health outcome data, claims for reduced harm status of PREPs depend heavily on standard machine yield smoke constituent data. Two prototypes of the new carbon-filtered PREP Marlboro UltraSmooth (MUS) were investigated using both standard (FTC/ISO) and intensive (Health Canada) machine methods to measure gas/vapor- and particulate-phase smoke constituents. Basic physical design characteristics that may influence smoke constituent yields, such as ventilation, pressure drop (resistance to draw), quantity of tobacco, and quantity and type of carbon, were measured. The possible presence of added chemical flavorant compounds was investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. MUS prototypes were found to have several key differences in physical design compared with a conventional cigarette, including higher ventilation, lower draw resistance, and in the case of the Salt Lake City prototype, the use of vitreous carbon beads and the presence of chemical flavorants on both the beads and an embedded filter fiber. When tested under the standard regimen, gas-phase constituents of MUS prototypes were reduced compared with a conventional low-yield cigarette. However, far smaller reductions in gas-phase constituents were observed under the intensive regimen, suggesting that the carbon technology used in MUS is less effective when smoked under more intensive conditions. Particulate-phase constituents were not reduced by the carbon filter under either machine-smoking regimen. The data suggest that MUS has been designed to reduce toxic yields while preserving consumer appeal. However, MUS is less effective in reducing toxic smoke constituents when smoked under intensive conditions. 相似文献
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木家具表面耐香烟灼烧性能是木家具是否合格的一项重要的理化性能指标,也是近几年木家具质量问题比较突出的项目。一些耐香烟灼烧差的家具漆膜遇香烟高温灼烧后,漆膜涂层容易出现脱落状黑斑、裂纹、鼓泡现象,导致家具无法使用。为了研究造成家具表面耐香烟灼烧项目合格率偏低的原因,笔者依据GB/T 3324-2008《木家具通用技术条件》和GB/T 17657-1999《人造板及饰面人造板理化性能试验方法》要求对不同厂家、不同工艺制作的家具表面耐香烟灼烧能力进行了测定和分析。结果表明,油漆种类、油漆工艺对家具表面耐香烟灼烧能力有显著影响。另外,木家具经贴装具有耐磨、耐灼烧性能的浸渍膜纸后,具有较高的耐灼烧性,可应用于干燥高温领域。 相似文献