如何解决地铁站台隧道的通风排烟问题

介绍了防排烟设计在地铁建筑设计及火灾中的重要性 ,以及目前国内地铁防排烟设施的情况 ,并详细地分析了地铁建筑的防排烟方面存在的问题及防火设计的对策     

Longitudinal ventilation for smoke control in a tilted tunnel by scale modeling

Longitudinal ventilation systems are commonly installed in new tunnels in large cities of the Far East including Mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Many tunnels are found in big cities and some of them are inclined at an angle to the horizontal. However, smoke movement in tilted tunnels is not fully understood. In some of the tunnels, the ventilation system was designed based on presumed smoke movement pattern without experimental demonstration. Smoke movement pattern in a tilted tunnel model was studied by using a scaled model. A 1/50 tunnel model of length 2 m with adjustable angle to the horizontal was constructed by transparent acrylic plastics. A small 0.097 kW propanol pool fire was used as the heat source combined with burning pellets generating smoke. A fan placed at the upstream end was used to create longitudinal ventilation. Different ventilation rates were set using a transformer to control or adjust the fan speed. Experiments were performed with the tunnel angle varying up to 30° to the horizontal. Effect of smoke screens was also studied. The observed smoke movement patterns indicated that the shape of the buoyant plume inside the tunnel depends on the tilted angle. Smoke would flow along the tunnel floor due to gravity. The bending angle of the plume depends on the tunnel angle. Tunnel inclined at greater angles to the horizontal would give larger amount of smoke flow. Smoke movement pattern for a tilted tunnel with smoke screens was observed to be very different from some design projects. All results will be reported in this paper.     

公路隧道火灾排烟设计探讨

为解决特长隧道常规火灾排烟方法的局限性,介绍了国内外常用隧道火灾通风和排烟设计方式,提出了特长隧道通风设计和防灾设计区别对待的设计理念,优化设计了火灾发生后的排烟方案,对今后的隧道火灾排烟设计工作有一定参考意义。     

简述城市下穿隧道的消防设计

以中山三路隧道为例,分别介绍城市下穿隧道消防设计的组成、消防设备的设置,以及各消防设备之间的联动控制等,对今后同类城市下穿隧道消防设计具有指导意义。     

Experimental study of water mist fire suppression in tunnels under longitudinal ventilation

This paper studies water mist fire suppression under different longitudinal ventilation velocities in tunnels by small-scale experiments. After a scaling study, two mist nozzles are used for suppressing crib fires under 5 ventilation speeds. The result comes out that fire suppression process can be divided into three stages including flame unitary restraining stage, surface flame extinguishing stage and inside flame suppression stage. Several factors influencing efficiency are investigated. When the interval between mist nozzle and fire source enlarges, the relationship curve between fire suppression time and ventilation velocity shows a ‘V’ figure. The best ventilation speed exists. Following the rules summarized, a coupling system of water mist and ventilation may increase fire suppression efficiency remarkably.     

地铁长大山岭隧道通风及防排烟系统方案

结合中梁山地铁隧道工程,对地铁长大山岭隧道平时通风、火灾时通风和防排烟系统方案,以及人员疏散方案进行了探讨.消防性能化论证结果表明,中梁山隧道采用的无竖井通风及防排烟系统方案是合理可行的.     

谈地下汽车库通风排烟系统设计

从设计的角度分析了地下汽车库通风排烟设计过程中的一些常见问题,提出了这些问题的解决方法,达到了使通风排烟系统设计技术先进、经济合理、满足消防要求的效果。     

纵向通风隧道内火灾烟气流动的控制

讨论了纵向通风隧道火灾和相关烟气形成现象。利用计算机流体动力模型模拟烟气流动，获得可以与试验数据进行比较的预测结果。在Richardson数字基础上，采用了不同参考稳定值，结果发现，直接利用火灾热释放速率所获得的温度值会产生最有用的结果。试验结果与数值预测结果的比较发现，两者吻合较好。笔者验证了利用容积测定火源模拟火灾的情况。结果的准确性很大程度上取决于对墙和屋顶的热传递。     

A numerical study on smoke movement in longitudinal ventilation tunnel fires for different aspect ratio

In this study, numerical simulation was carried out to analyze the effect of the aspect ratio on smoke movement in tunnel fires using FDS 3.0. Temperature distribution under the ceiling showed a relatively good agreement with experimental results within 10 °C. It confirmed the possibility of application of FDS code to tunnel fires. Results from varying of the aspect ratio showed good agreement with experimental data. Temperature near the fire source decreased with the increase of the aspect ratio. But, the rate of the temperature decrease was reduced by the decrease of the heat loss in the spanwise direction. Clear height of the simulation by the analysis of the velocity distribution was about 3% higher than that of the experimental result. Numerical results predicted the back-layering distance and the critical velocity reasonably.     

The use of impulse ventilation for smoke control in underground car parks

Impulse ventilation systems (IVS) are used to provide ventilation for covered car parks and to control the smoke in the event of fire. In this paper the interaction between the fire ceiling jet and the flow driven by jet fans is studied using CFD simulations. A sensitivity analysis considering important parameters as position and intensity of fire source, transversal distance between jet fans, restriction of exhaust flow rate and dimension of car park exhaust opening is carried out and rules for the design of 50 N thrust jet fans are deduced. An analytical model for the flow field near the ceiling is developed and compared with CFD simulations. This model is intended to support a first approach of the design of IVS.     

A fuzzy logic procedure for ventilation control in case of fire in long tunnels

Ventilation is a crucial element while managing fire events in tunnels. This paper deals with ventilation strategies to be applied in case of fire in a long tunnel. The Frejus road tunnel has been considered as an application. This is a single tube road tunnel with semi-transversal ventilation. Ordinary and emergency ventilations are operated by using dedicated supply and extraction ducts.     

大跨度特长公路隧道多断面施工通风技术探讨

针对阳曲1号隧道多断面施工通风特点,介绍了大跨度特长公路隧道多断面施工通风技术,并对施工过程中的相关事宜进行了简单说明,指出该工程采用的混合式通风方案经济、实用,且有效的提高了工程进度,对今后同类隧道工程施工通风积累了经验。     

关于防排烟系统设计的几点探讨

结合工作实践,从加压送风系统、机械排烟系统、楼梯间及汽车库排烟等方面分析了民用建筑防排烟系统设计过程中出现的一些问题,并提出了自己的见解,以确保防排烟系统设计合理,保证人员安全。     

地下汽车库通风与防排烟设计的探讨

介绍了地下汽车库通风与防排烟设计 ,讨论了地下汽车库排风量、排烟量的计算和地下汽车库通风系统的模式 ,指出了在地下汽车库通风排烟设计上的注意事项     

Characteristic length scale of critical ventilation velocity in tunnel smoke control

This paper investigates the characteristic length scale in an analytical correlation of critical ventilation velocity. The critical ventilation velocity is defined as the minimum airflow velocity to prevent smoke backlayering and is often used for smoke control in tunnels. Using a one-dimensional assumption of uniform mixing, the correlation of critical ventilation velocity was derived from the Froude number, which considered tunnel height as the characteristic length scale. Using numerical modelling, this study examines the effects of enclosure blockage ratio and tunnel width or aspect ratio on critical ventilation velocity. In particular, the results suggest that the correlation with tunnel hydraulic diameter may provide a better characterization of critical ventilation velocity. This is supported from the experimental data reported by others on the effect of tunnel width. The practical implications of using hydraulic diameter in determining critical ventilation velocity are discussed.     

都匀人民广场系列工程空调通风及防排烟设计

本文简要介绍了贵州都匀人民广场系列工程中空调系统设计、通风设计、防排烟设计的过程及节能方面所采取的措施。其中对综合商厦的空调系统组成、商厦楼梯间及前室的防烟、地下商城与地下停车场的排风排烟合用系统的设计等着重做了介绍。     

都匀人民广场系列工程空调通风及防排烟设计

本文简要介绍了贵州都匀人民广场系列工程中空调系统设计、通风设计、防排烟设计的过程及节能方面所采取的措施。其中对综合商厦的空调系统组成、商厦楼梯间及前室的防烟、地下商城与地下停车场的排风排烟合用系统的设计等着重做了介绍。     

Numerical analysis of tunnel thermal plume control using longitudinal ventilation

A CFD model of the 4th Beijing subway line was used to study the effect of longitudinal ventilation on heat and smoke plume movement in the tunnel. The critical ventilation velocity is correlated with the heat release rate for both a simplified heat fire source model and a complete combustion fire source model with methane gas as fuel. The influences of the heat source length and the fuel gas inlet geometry on the critical velocity are investigated for both fire source models. The results show that the influences of the combustion process and fire source area variation are not included in models based on Froude number preservation theory. Thus, Ri is no longer suitable as a dimensionless number for the critical ventilation velocity when the fire geometry or combustion conditions influence the results. The back-layering air temperature above the front of the fire source can be used to explain the different critical velocity variation regimes for all the simulation conditions.     

关于地下车库的通风及排烟设计

分析了汽车污染物的危害及散发有害物质的4个来源,提出了地下车库污染物的计算公式,介绍了稀释污染物所需要的排风量计算方法、排风与排烟系统设计应注意的问题,从而使得地下车库通风、排烟设计更加完善。