豆豉纤溶酶的功能及应用前景

豆豉纤溶酶源于中国传统发酵食品豆豉,具有溶解血栓等功能,是一种可以作为潜在溶栓药物的纤维蛋白酶。对豆豉纤溶酶的研究现状和应用前景进行综述,为开发新型溶栓药物指明了方向。     

微生物发酵法生产纤溶酶的研究进展

血栓类疾病严重威胁人类生命和健康,溶栓疗法是目前治疗该类疾病安全有效的手段,传统的溶栓药物疗效显著,但是还存在一定缺陷.目前,利用微生物发酵产生的纤溶酶制备溶栓药物已经成为研究热点.文章对不同微生物来源的纤溶酶的发酵、分离纯化及性质等方面的资料进行总结,并对纤溶酶研发领域存在的问题进行探讨.     

微生物发酵生产纤溶酶研究进展

微生物是溶栓药物的重要来源,目前已知许多微生物,包括产生链激酶的溶血链球菌,产生葡激酶的金黄色葡萄球菌,产生纳豆激酶的枯草芽孢杆菌以及产生纤溶活性物质的芽孢杆菌、曲霉菌、镰孢菌、根霉菌等,都具有分泌蛋白酶的能力,这些微生物为开发新型高效溶栓药物奠定了基础。本文综述微生物发酵生产纤溶酶的研究背景、现状、意义及主要方向。     

豆豉纤溶酶生产菌发酵液营养和活性成分分析

本文对豆豉纤溶酶生产菌发酵液中的部分营养与活性成分进行了研究,并进行了功能实验,证明含有豆豉纤溶酶的食品具有一定的保健功能.此实验为利用豆豉开发新型溶栓药物及保健食品提供了参考依据.     

动植物蛋白中抗凝溶栓活性物质研究进展

概括凝血、抗凝和溶栓的作用途径.凝血反应是由15种凝血因子共同作用的结果;抗凝体系为抗凝血酶阻止凝血酶原变为凝血酶;纤溶体系是由纤溶酶原激活物激活纤溶酶原生成纤溶酶,纤溶酶降解纤维蛋白.此外,抑制血小板凝集也可实现抗凝功效.着重阐述食源性和非食源性抗凝溶栓肽类代表物质(水蛭素与乳中抗凝肽等).通过对现有动植物蛋白中抗凝溶栓活性物质的研究趋势的分析发现其安全性问题急需解决,展望今后抗凝、溶栓功能性成分的开发前景即以食源性物质为来源进行成分提取.     

豆豉纤溶酶功能性研究

该文对豆豉枯草杆菌的筛选、发酵及纤溶酶提取、活性测定、理化性质、动物溶栓药效试验进行综述并介绍纤溶酶应用前景。     

豆豉纤溶酶研究概况及进展

豆豉纤溶酶是从我国传统发酵食品豆豉分离得到一种具有强烈纤溶作用丝氨酸蛋白酶。该文对豆豉纤溶酶产生菌筛选与诱变、发酵工艺、酶分离纯化、理化性质、分子生物学研究进行综述;同时还简介豆豉纤溶酶活性测定方法和抗栓、溶栓作用,并对其应用前景进行展望。     

豆豉纤溶酶生产菌发酵液功能性研究

豆豉是中国的一种传统食品,为证实其具有多种保健功能,对豆豉纤溶酶生产菌发酵液的抑菌作用、抗氧化性及溶栓活性进行了研究.试验结果表明：抑菌作用试验中,pH值在4.0～10.0之间均有抑菌活性,且抑菌效果基本保持稳定,当温度在4～80℃之间变化时,粗酶液的抑菌活性变化不很大,具有一定的热稳定性;抗氧化试验中,豆豉纤溶酶生产菌的发酵培养基和发酵液离心后的上清液都具有一定的抗氧化作用,其量不同抗氧化性也不同;溶栓作用试验中,豆豉纤溶酶在pH值4.0～10.0范围内都较稳定,酶活在碱性条件下比酸性条件下高,最适pH值为7.0,豆豉纤溶酶在冷藏和室温保存中较稳定,随着温度增高,酶活降低,豆豉纤溶酶粗酶液在贮存期中溶栓作用较为稳定。     

富含纤溶酶豆豉冻干粉体外溶栓作用及急性毒性

使用本实验室制备的富含纤溶酶豆豉冻干粉,测定其提取液对大鼠血块的溶解率,并采用最大给药量法测定其急性毒性。结果表明10％、2．5％富含纤溶酶豆豉提取液对血块的溶解率分别为59．64%±5．69％和40．58％±6．37％,前者具有体外溶栓作用,而后者没有;富含纤溶酶豆豉冻千粉对小鼠经口急性毒性剂量大于16g／kg。可见,10％富含纤溶酶豆豉提取液具有体外溶栓作用,并且该豆豉冻干粉无毒,具有进一步的开发价值。     

豆豉纤溶酶的研究进展

豆豉纤溶酶是由豆豉枯草芽孢杆菌分泌的一种具有强烈纤溶作用的丝氨酸蛋白酶.该文对豆豉枯草杆菌的筛选、发酵、酶的提取、活性测定、理化性质以及动物溶栓药效试验进行了综述.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the