共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
The firsttrans fatty acids from a sponge have been isolated fromPlakortis halichondroides. The sponge was shown to contain theiso acids (5E,9E)-19-methyl-5,9-eicosadienoic, (5E,9E)-20-methyl-5,9-heneicosadienoic and (5E,9E)-21-methyl-5,9-docosadienoic
acid, as well as theanteiso acids (5E,9E)-19-methyl-5,9-heneicosadienoic and (5E,9E)-20-methyl-5,9-docosadienoic acid together with the straight chain
(5E,9E)-5,9-docosadienoic acid. The acids were shown by gas chromatography, Fourier transform infrared and13C nuclear magnetic resonance to contain thetrans configuration. An eicosadienoic acid, namely (6E,14E)-6,14-eicosadienoic acid, and 12-methyl-5-octadecenoic acid were also
identified in a sponge for the first time. The fatty acids were shown to be the principal constituents of phosphatidylethanolamine
and phosphatidylcholine. No sterols were found in the sponge. The results presented in this work should be helpful in taxonomy
of Homoscleromorpha. 相似文献
2.
The rare phospholipid fatty acids 3,7,11-trimethyldodecanoic (1), 5,9-hexadecadienoic (2) and 12-methyl-hexadecanoic (3) were identified in the marine spongeXestospongia muta. Branched fatty acids inX. muta accounted for 35% of the total fatty acid mixture. It was observed that the occurrence of the 5,9-hexadecadienoic acid (2) coincides with the complete absence of the very long chain fatty acid 5,9-hexacosadienoic. The acid 5,9,19-octacosatrienoic
seems to be found in mostXestospongia species. 相似文献
3.
Carter Litchfield 《Lipids》1970,5(1):144-146
Tropaeolum speciosum seed fat contains 41.6 wt %cis-15-tetracosenoic acid and 7.6 wt %cis-17-hexacosenoic acid. Unlike nasturtium seed fat (Tropaeolum majus), the 22∶1, 24∶1 and 26∶1 inT. speciosum triglycerides are almost entirely esterified at the 1,3 positions. 相似文献
4.
Gilles Barnathan Pierre Doumenq Jean-Michel Njinkoué Joseph Mirallès Cécile Debitus Claude Lévi Jean-Michel Komprobst 《Lipids》1994,29(4):297-303
The fatty acid composition of phospholipids from the New Caledonian spongeCinachyrella aff.schulzei Keller was studied. More than 60 fatty acids were identified as methyl esters andN-acyl pyrrolidides by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Two isoprenoid fatty acids also were shown
to be present, namely 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoic and 5,9,13-trimethyltetradecanoic acids. The unusual 6-tetradecenoic, 6-pentadecenoic,
12-nonadecenoic and 26-methylheptacosanoic (iso-28∶0) acids were found for the first time in sponge phospholipids. A series of six n−7 monoenoic long-chain fatty acids (C23 to C28) were identified, including the rare 16-tricosenoic, 18-pentacosenoic and 21-octacosenoic acids. Fifteen fatty acids possessing
the typical 5,9 dienoic moiety accounted for 30% of the total fatty acid mixture. Two new fatty acids were identified, namely
5(Z)-octacosenoic and 27-methyl-5(Z),9(Z)-octacosadienoic (iso-5,9-29∶2). Based on gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared experiments, the double bonds were assigned the (Z) configuration.
For part 2 of this series, see Reference 1. 相似文献
5.
The fatty acid 5,9-hexadecadienoic was identified in the spongeChondrilla nucula. This is the shortest fatty acid with the Δ5,9 unsaturation yet isolated from a marine sponge. 相似文献
6.
Fatty acid analysis of the total lipids from the marine spongeMicrociona prolifera by gas liquid chromatography on an EGSS-X column revealed two major peaks with equivalent chain length values of 27.08 and
27.74. Each of these components was isolated as a separate band by thin layer chromatography on AgNO3-silicic acid. Characterization of the two unknowns by IR spectroscopy, NMR, hydrogenation, and gas liquid chromatography
revealed that the unknown acids weren-26∶2 andn-26∶3 containing only nonmethylene interruptedcis-double bonds. Reductive ozonolysis identified the 26∶2 ascis-5,cis-9-hexacosadienoic acid and the 26∶3 ascis-5,cis-9,cis-19-hexacosatrienoic acid. Analysis of the fatty acid composition ofMicrociona total lipids showed 14% 26∶2 and 31% 36∶3. The neutral lipids, phosphatidylethanomaline, and phosphatidylserine all contained
>41% C26 acids; but only 4% C26 was present in the phosphatidylcholine. 相似文献
7.
8.
Judd C. Nevenzel 《Lipids》1970,5(3):308-319
Wax esters occur as a major lipid-type in at least 30 species of marine animals, distributed among 17 orders and 3 phyla.
They are of limited usefulness as a chemotaxonomic character, since only in two suborders, the calanoid copepods, Calanoidei,
and the toothed whales, Odontoceti, do the wax esters occur in all members so far examined. In bony fishes their occurrence
in muscle correlates better with mesopelagic habitat and vertical migration patterns than with taxonomy. Homologs with 21
to 44 total carbon atoms have been reported, but the usual range for the wax esters in copepods and fish is C30–C42. In fishes the muscle wax esters contain predominantly one and two double bonds per molecule, while in roe lipids up to 65%
of the homologs contain three or more double bonds. The component alcohols are saturated and monounsaturated, with 16∶0 and
18∶1 as the usual major constituents. The fatty acids are more diverse, but 18∶1 is most often the main component, and 16∶1
and 20∶1 are frequent major constituents; polyunsaturated acids make up 1–12% in fish muscle and whale oils and up to 45%
in fish roe wax esters. Possible functions of the wax esters are for buoyancy, as energy reserves and for thermal insulation.
In vitro, various tissues of marine bony fishes synthesize wax esters from long chain alcohols and fatty acids, without activation.
A competing pathway for the long chain alcohols in vivo is their catabolic oxidation to the corresponding fatty acids. The
key to the accumulation of wax esters is to be sought in the metabolism of the long chain alcohols, their biosynthesis and
esterification vs. their catabolism.
Presented at the 60th AOCS Annual Meeting, San Francisco, April 1969, as part of a Symposium on Natural Waxes. 相似文献
9.
10.
The phospholipid fatty acids from the spongeSpheciospongia cuspidifera were studied revealing the presence of the rare 10-octadecenoic acid (10−18∶1) and a new 2-methoxyhexadecenoic acid. The
phospholipid fatty acids fromThalysias juniperina were also studied revealing the presence of the hitherto unreported 18-hexacosenoic acid (18−26∶1). These results tend to
indicate that the biosynthetic pathway from 10−18∶1 to 18−26∶1 may be operative in nature. The phospholipid mixture from the
sponges was also analyzed by31P-NMR and shown to mainly consist of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylglycerol.
Phosphatidylcholine was not found in the sponges analyzed in this work. 相似文献
11.
Fatty acids of serine,ethanolamine, and choline plasmalogens in some marine bivalves 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The FA composition of glycerophospholipid (GPL) classes and subclasses was investigated in whole animals of three marine bivalve
mollusks: the Japanese oyster Crassostrea gigas, the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, and the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. Individual organs (gills, mantle, foot, siphon, and muscle) of the Manila clam also were examined. The PS plasmalogen (PSplsm),
PE plasmalogen (PEplsm), and PC plasmalogen (PCplsm) subclasses were isolated by HPLC, and their individual FA compositions
were examined using GC. Plasmalogen forms of PS and PE, when compared to their respective diacyl forms, were found to be specifically
enriched with non-methylene-interrupted (NMI) FA (7,15–22∶2, 7, 13–22∶2, and their precursors) and 20∶1n−11 FA. Such a clear
specific association was not found for PCplsm. Interestingly, this trend was most apparent in PSplsm, and the above FA were
found to be, respectively, the predominant PUFA and monounsaturated FA in the PSplsm isolated from the three species. This
specificity was maintained in all the analyzed organs of the Manila clam but varied in proportions: The highest level of plasmalogens,
NMI FA, and 20∶1n−11 was measured in gills and the lowest was in muscle. These results represent the first comprehensive report
on a FA composition of the PSplsm subclass isolated from mollusks. The fact that NMI FA and 20∶1n−11, which are thought to
be biosynthesized FA, were mainly associated with aminophospholipid plasmalogens (PE and PS) is likely to have a functional
significance in bivalve membranes. 相似文献
12.
Under mild conditions humic acids persist in ancient sediments (up to 70% of the total organic matter). In most samples studied, there is a relation between humic acids and associated kerogens, and this is a possible way to obtain more information on the structure of kerogens. The occurrence of humic compounds characterizes the immature stage; they rapidly disappear with natural evolution, hence the humic content would be an interesting marker of evolution during the immature stage. Moreover these compounds may be compared with humic acids occurring in recent deposits; thus they are a valuable source of information about the original organic matter and deposit media. 相似文献
13.
Hermann Schlenk Joanne L. Gellerman 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1965,42(6):504-511
Arachidonic and related fatty acids which normally are found only in animals or microorganisms have been isolated and identified
from several mosses and ferns. Fatty acids with a double bond in position 5, separated by more than one methylene group from
other double bonds, have been found inGinkgo biloba andEquisetum. Analyses of fatty acids from numberous plants, in particular their chlorophyll containing parts, are listed according to
components.
The experimental part gives details on structure determination of the usual methylene-interrupted fatty acids by ozonization-hydrogenation-GLC.
Alkaline isomerization combined with these procedures was applied to determine the unusual double bond structures. The method
permits positional identification of an internal double bond. 相似文献
14.
Lipids - Phytanic, pristanic, and 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoic acids were found to comprise from 2.7% (winter) to 13.3% (spring) of the fatty acids of the neutral lipids of earthworms collected in... 相似文献
15.
H. B. White Jr. F. W. Quackenbush A. H. Probst 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1961,38(3):113-117
The range of linolenic acid in the oil from 251 field-grown varieties and introductions of soybeans was 4.89 to 9.28% and
that of linoleic, 35.8 to 53.4%.
Crosses of varieties and introductions “high” and “low” linolenic acid indicated that inheritance of both acids was quantitative
rather than qualitative. Transgressive segregation, particularly to low values, was observed occasionally. However 3.35% was
the lowest linolenic acid value observed. Environmental effects markedly influenced the quantity of both acids.
F2 plants from one cross (P.I.80476×P.I.85671), grown in the greenhouse, showed a dissimilar type of frequency distribution
for the two acids but a significant positive correlation (P<1%) between their percentages. A similar relation was not detected
for field-grown plants.
Journal paper No. 1593, Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station. Journal paper No. 346, U.S. Regional Soybean Laboratory.
Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. 相似文献
16.
Cis-hexadecenoates isolated from rat liver and hepatoma 7288CTC lipids were analyzed for positional isomers by ozonolysis and
capillary gas liquid chromatography. In addition to the Δ6, Δ7, Δ9 and Δ11 isomers found in both tissues, the hepatoma neutral
and polar lipids contained relatively high percentages of Δ12 and Δ14 hexadecenoates that were virtually absent from liver.
The occurrence of these unusual fatty acids may result from an error in lipid metabolism in the hepatoma. 相似文献
17.
Cabrera T Cabrera G Rosas J Velásquez A Silva M 《Archivos latinoamericanos de nutrición》2005,55(2):194-200
There are three marine shrimp species in the Venezuelan internal market, two of them are native species, from fisheries, Farfantapenaeus brasiliensis and Litopenaeus schmitti, and one is an exotic species and farmed, L. vannamei. The objectives of this paper were to determine the possible variation of lipid content and fatty acid composition of these species, even under different culture conditions (e.g. feed used). The lipid content in all the species are higher (5 to 10 times) that the data from previous papers deal with marine shrimps, ranged from 4.8 to 10.9%, suggesting that its impact in the human health should be reviewed. At the same time, there were detected differences between the lipid content and fatty acids composition of the species. Wild L. schmitti had the highest lipid content (10.9%), following by wild F. brasiliensis (9.0%), cultured L. schmitti (4.8% to 7.1%) and cultured L. vannamei (5.1% to 6.2%). On the other hand, L. schmitti fed on commercial feed had the highest proportion of EPA and/or DHA, following by L. vannamei fed on the experimental feed, wild L. schmitti and fed with the experimental feed and wild F. brasiliensis. 相似文献
18.
Peter B. Kelly Raymond Reiser Donald W. Hood 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1959,36(3):104-106
Summary and Conclusions Shrimp, crabs, the marine diatomNitzschia closterium, Platymonas sp., and the fresh water algaChlorella pyrenoidosa were maintained or cultured in the laboratory. The crustacea were fed low-fat, cottonseed oil, and menhaden oil rations.
The fatty acid composition of all groups, as well as that of native phytoplankton and zooplankton catches, were determined
as the extinction coeffcients, (E
1%
1cm.
), at wavelengths of maximum absorption.
It was found that both shrimp and crabs lost much of their polyunsaturated acids on the fat-free diet and regained it again
by ingestion, as do fish. The shrimp however appeared to synthesize more highly unsaturated acids from cottonseed oil than
did other aquatic animals.
Phytoplankton do produce a high level of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
The importance of the determination of the structure of aquatic plant and animal fatty acids in the problem of the origin
of the acids and their mechan ism of synthesis was discussed.
Contribution from the Departments of Oceanography and Meteorology and of Biochemistry and Nutrition of the Agricultural and
Mechanical College System of Texas, Oceanography and Meteorology Series No. 137; supported in part by Grant No. A-777 from
the National Institutes of Health and Grant No. A-020 from the Robert A. Welch Foundation. 相似文献
19.
Cardiac fatty acids were studied in young rats fed marine oils for 1 week. When the diet contained 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16%
by weight of partially hydrogenated oil from Norwegian capelin, the concentration of fatty acids in the cardiac tissue was
elevated only at the highest level. The amount of the lipid and the content of docosenoic acid in the heart were less than
those observed with 15% partially hydrogenated oil from Canadian herring. Nonhydrogenated Peruvian anchovy oil lacking docosenoic
acid produced no change in the amount of fat deposited. The extent of fatty acid accumulation in the heart was related to
the dietary C22 acids. 相似文献
20.
Eight samples of raw oils from fresh water and marine fish, and two from marine mammals, were examined for polyenoic fatty
acids susceptible to the action of lipoxidase. The results agreed well in most instances with gas chromatographic data and
indicated that only one peroxide group was formed in polyenoic fatty acids with more than one ostensibly suitable 1,4-pentadiene
system. Four commercially available preparations of polyenoic fatty acids showed varying degrees of susceptibility to lipoxidase,
indicating the probable presence of artifacts formed in purification steps. The marine polyenoic acids were suitable substrates
for lipoxidase.
Presented at the AOCS Meeting, New York October, 1968. 相似文献