计及不确定性的多类型发电机组联合调度优化模型

为了促进可再生能源并网,解决可再生能源机组在内的多类型发电机组联合优化调度问题,引入全额收购可再生能源发电,由火电机组提供备用、允许适度弃风,由火电机组提供备用以及水火机组联合提供备用的可再生能源发电三种不同方案。首先构建了涵盖风、光伏、水力机组的可再生能源机组发电处理模型;再结合设定的三种方案组建了多类型发电机组节能调度优化模型;最后,基于基础数据,得出该节能调度优化模型的发电系统总煤耗、备用煤耗、系统发电成本、启停成本、弃风量及弃水量等关键指标的优化效果,对多类型发电机组联合调度优化具有一定的指导意义。     

柔性电动汽车和分布式电源的协同优化调度研究

针对电动汽车(EV)接入电网后,出现的负荷"峰上加峰"的问题,在描述传统机组发电特征及调度分布式电源作为补充的基础上,提出了柔性电动汽车与分布式电源协同优化调度方案。该方案考虑4类电动汽车的出行规律及充电方式,同时以发电投资总成本与柔性EV用能成本之和最小作为优化目标,建立车网交互(V2G)的机组组合模型。在考虑柔性EV行驶特性与机组运行特性基础上,将所提模型转化为一个大规模混合整数线性规划(MILP)问题,利用Ipsolve解算器求得最优解以及最优调度方案。文章选取某城市各类电动汽车为研究对象,分析柔性EV用能成本对系统总成本与CO2排放量的影响。仿真结果验证了采用柔性EV与风电协同优化传统机组出力的有效性和考虑柔性EV用能成本的必要性。     

含风电场的电力系统经济——排放多目标调度

从火电机组燃料成本和污染物排放两方面入手,构建了含风电场的电力系统发电调度运营管理多目标优化模型。引入了一种新的概率分布模型——截断多用途分布模型(TVD)来表征风电场,并简化风电的不确定性,同时引入基于TVD的可调节置信区间(ACI)风电场成本函数模型及一种基于列维飞行及解决非凸问题的改进型闪电算法(ILFA),可在随机多目标框架中有效地解决经济—排放调度(EED)问题。最后,通过算例与其他经典分布模型进行对比分析,结果表明所提模型可更准确地反映风电情况,该算法在平衡经济成本和污染物排放方面有效。     

基于最小变动成本煤耗率的电厂负荷优化分配

在传统的电厂负荷优化分配基础上,引入了能量价值理论和环境成本,推导出与电煤能价比和环境成本相关的机组变动成本煤耗率,建立了机组运行综合评价体系.以电厂变动成本煤耗率最小为目标,对某电厂机组进行负荷优化分配,结果表明:与发电煤耗率相比,采用变动成本煤耗率作为机组负荷优化分配的目标更经济,而且负荷越低,节能效果越显著;电煤能价比减小时,电厂总变动成本煤耗率大幅下降;环境成本会使电厂总变动成本煤耗率升高.     

计及需求响应和碳排放权的源荷优化调度研究

在传统电力系统日前发电调度模型的基础上考虑碳排放权交易机制和需求侧响应资源。文中分析了基于激励的需求响应资源的激励和管理措施,以及碳排放初始配额和分级碳排放权交易模型,然后构建了以火电机组运行成本、碳排放权交易费用和需求响应激励成本为目标函数的动态电源和负荷侧的协同调度模型。以某地10机组为案例,研究碳减排目标的高低对碳排放权交易费用和整体调度成本的影响,研究结果表明了本模型的可行性。     

节能调度环境下风、火电联合运行优化模型及其应用

为解决传统的风、火电联合运行模型不能克服风电并网导致机组启停成本过高的问题,以节能发电调度为背景,以火电机组发电燃煤成本、启停成本最小化为目标,构建了风、火电联合运行优化模型。算例分析结果表明,该模型能有效地吸纳弃风,提高了风电并网量、降低了高耗能燃煤机组的调用,具有显著的环境和经济效益。     

节能发电调度对低效电厂的影响及对策研究

针对上海电网节能发电调度政策,从置换电量收益、机组启停损耗、固定成本补偿等方面分析了节能发电调度对电厂的影响。在此基础上,从机组调峰方式选择、负荷优化分配、启停优化措施等方面提出了应对策略。     

基于发电成本的电厂间负荷优化配置

针对某些较小电厂的小机组煤耗率高,发电盈利少,甚至亏本的现状,提出将这些电厂的负荷配置给一些具有煤耗率较低的大机组的大电厂,从而能使各电厂均获益的解决方案.首先说明了火力发电厂两台600MW机组的煤耗特性方程的求取过程,然后以发电成本作为目标函数,建立电厂间负荷优化配置数学模型,模型考虑了市场因素对机组负荷优化分配的影响;阐述了遗传算法进行电厂负荷优化配置的原理及步骤,最后采用遗传算法计算分析不同电厂负荷优化配置,结果表明对不同电厂的机组负荷进行优化配置,节能效果和各电厂收益均显著改善.     

风力发电与调度在三明电网应用研究

随着分布式发电的大量接入电网,含风力发电的电力系统经济调度问题逐渐凸显出来。由于风电成本的优势可降低发电总成本,所以,将风电成本引入传统的经济调度成本函数。但是,风力具有波动性,风电并入电网会对电力系统的稳定性造成影响,为此,考虑风速的不确定性,提出风速的预测误差,建立目标函数及约束条件,研究风电波动性的电力系统经济调度模型。     

上海市电力公司开展“绿色”调度有成效

最近,上海市电力公司开展"绿色"调度,PM2.5指数将率先纳入电厂排放监测系统,逐步实现电力绿色化、生态化,为城市生态减负。"绿色"调度是将全市发电机组根据节能能力的优劣进行分类。上海电网将上海年度发电量计划中各发电机组按容量分为5个等级,每一等级机组在发电利用小时数上拉开50小时差距,从而让高能效大机组代替小机组多发电,实现降低能耗目标。通过"绿色"调度,     

水火电系统日负荷经济分配及发电机组启停的实用计算

本文论述了一种计及发电机组启停的水火电系统日负荷经济分配的实用算法,即交替进行系统负荷分配计算与厂内机组组合计算,在得出各电厂出力安排的同时亦可给出厂内机组启停计划。试算结果表明算法可行。     

计及绿色电力证书与碳交易制度的“源-荷”协调优化调度

基于低碳电力和智能电网的背景,考虑现有的风电消纳困境,该文以绿色电力证书为基础,结合碳排放权的交易制度,同时引入需求侧高载能企业负荷的响应模型,并将虚拟电厂经济效益作为优化目标函数,建立以绿证交易为基础,结合碳交易制度和高载能需求侧响应的“源-荷”双侧互补协调优化调度模型。最后将某省份区域电网代入到该文所构建模型之中进行仿真,并采用自适应免疫疫苗算法对模型进行求解,结果表明所建立的计及绿证交易与碳交易的模型有利于促进风电消耗,降低单位发电量的碳排放。     

含分布式发电并网虚拟发电厂鲁棒优化经济调度方法

文章基于鲁棒优化理论建立了虚拟发电厂最优经济调度模型。首先以虚拟发电厂发电净收益最大为目标函数,计及出力计划约束、机组运行约束、机组启停约束、储能运行约束等必要约束条件建立系统优化运行模型;然后考虑风光出力区间不确定性,以风光出力为自然决策者,以虚拟发电厂为系统决策者,分别制定博弈策略和支付,建立虚拟发电厂最优经济调度鲁棒优化模型,并对其Nash均衡点进行分析;基于两阶段松弛法将所建立的鲁棒优化模型转化为有限可解的步骤;最后通过一个算例验证了所建立的模型在制定虚拟发电厂运行计划方面的经济优势。     

12MW生物质直燃发电的热电联产系统节能经济性分析

以山东阳信市某企业生物质直燃发电的热电联产系统为研究对象,以其热、电负荷计算为基础,进行了主要设备的选型匹配。同时从标准煤耗量、年均总热效率和成本节约三个方面对系统进行节能经济性分析,指出了热电厂梯级利用能量的意义。分析结果表明：实施热电联产后系统年均总热效率达到60.9%,较中小型纯凝机组的提高约25.9%;在企业年生产总量不变的条件下,年节约标准煤约35352t,极大地节约了生产成本,具有可观的经济效益。     

A novel evolutionary algorithm for dynamic economic dispatch with energy saving and emission reduction in power system integrated wind power

An optimization algorithm is proposed in this paper to solve the economic dispatch problem that includes wind farm using the Chaotic Quantum Genetic Algorithm (CQGA). In addition to the detailed models of economic dispatch introduction and their associated constraints, the wind power effect is also included in this paper. The chaotic quantum genetic algorithm used to solve the economic dispatch process and discussed with real scenarios used for the simulation tests. After comparing the proposed algorithm with several other algorithms commonly used to solve optimization problems, the results show that the proposed algorithm is able to find the optimal solution quickly and accurately (i.e. to obtain the minimum cost for power generation in the shortest time). At the end, the impact to the total cost savings for power generation after adding (or not adding) wind power generation is also discussed. The actual implementation results prove that the proposed algorithm is economical, fast and practical. They are quite valuable for further research.     

Steady-state modelling of hybrid energy system for off grid electrification of cluster of villages

Electrification of villages from the main grid leads to large investments and losses, and this forms the basis of decentralized Hybrid Energy System. In order to evaluate the techno-economic performance of hybrid energy system for remote rural area electrification, a mixed integer linear mathematical programming model (time-series) has been developed to determine the optimal operation, optimal configuration including the assessment of the economic penetration levels of photovoltaic array area, and cost optimization for a hybrid energy generation system consisting of small/micro hydro based power generation, biogas based power generation, biomass (fuelwood) based power generation, photovoltaic array, a battery bank and a fossil fuel generator. An optimum control algorithm written in C++, based on combined dispatch strategy, allowing easy handling of the models and data of hybrid energy system components is presented. A special feature of the proposed model is that a cost constant (cost/unit) for each of the proposed resource is introduced in the cost objective function in such a way that resources with lesser unit cost share the greater of the total energy demand in an attempt to optimize the objective function.To demonstrate the use of model and algorithm, a case study for a rural remote area is also presented.     

Baseload wind energy: modeling the competition between gas turbines and compressed air energy storage for supplemental generation

The economic viability of producing baseload wind energy was explored using a cost-optimization model to simulate two competing systems: wind energy supplemented by simple- and combined cycle natural gas turbines (“wind+gas”), and wind energy supplemented by compressed air energy storage (“wind+CAES”). Pure combined cycle natural gas turbines (“gas”) were used as a proxy for conventional baseload generation. Long-distance electric transmission was integral to the analysis. Given the future uncertainty in both natural gas price and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions price, we introduced an effective fuel price, p_NGeff, being the sum of the real natural gas price and the GHG price. Under the assumption of p_NGeff=$5/GJ (lower heating value), 650 W/m² wind resource, 750 km transmission line, and a fixed 90% capacity factor, wind+CAES was the most expensive system at ¢6.0/kWh, and did not break even with the next most expensive wind+gas system until p_NGeff=$9.0/GJ. However, under real market conditions, the system with the least dispatch cost (short-run marginal cost) is dispatched first, attaining the highest capacity factor and diminishing the capacity factors of competitors, raising their total cost. We estimate that the wind+CAES system, with a greenhouse gas (GHG) emission rate that is one-fourth of that for natural gas combined cycle plants and about one-tenth of that for pulverized coal plants, has the lowest dispatch cost of the alternatives considered (lower even than for coal power plants) above a GHG emissions price of $35/tC_equiv., with good prospects for realizing a higher capacity factor and a lower total cost of energy than all the competing technologies over a wide range of effective fuel costs. This ability to compete in economic dispatch greatly boosts the market penetration potential of wind energy and suggests a substantial growth opportunity for natural gas in providing baseload power via wind+CAES, even at high natural gas prices.     

风电场风力发电机组优化选型

基于蒙特卡罗方法建立风力发电机组的概率性模型,该模型充分考虑了风能随机性和发电设备被迫停运等随机性因素,能准确估算风力发电机组的年发电量、容量系数等经济指标;并对各种待选机组进行技术经济分析,实现机组优化选型。文中结合算例,研究风电机组参数对容量系数的影响,选择与实际风电场相匹配的风电机组。算例表明这种方法是可行的,具有实用价值。     

中压参数热电厂高压迭置的改造分析

1前言我国南方地区在20世纪80年代兴建了不少小型地方区域性热电厂,因建厂初期热负荷不是太大,只限于取代效率低下的独立小锅炉房及缓解电力的供求矛盾,所选用的机炉一般都采用中温、中压参数的35 t/h链条炉或抛煤炉及3~12 MW的抽凝机或背压机,普遍配用水膜除尘,烟气无脱硫设施