基于三角形光栅结构的薄膜晶硅/PEDOT：PSS异质结太阳电池的陷光设计

针对薄膜硅的光学管理问题,通过有限元方法求解麦克斯韦基本方程组,研究基于一维三角形光栅结构对电池的光吸收率、光电流密度(Jph)和电场强度分布的影响,设计并优化适合2μm硅/PEDOT:PSS系统的双面一维三角形光栅结构,有效提升薄膜硅的光学吸收,并能与PEDOT:PSS形成优异的异质结,基于此结构的薄膜硅/PEDOT:PSS异质结太阳电池的效率可超过15%,展现了高效柔性薄膜硅/PEDOT:PSS HSCs的可行性。     

聚乙二醇对PTB7：PC70BM太阳电池的影响

对以PTB7:PC_(70)BM为体系的聚合物太阳电池(BHJ)的阳极修饰层PEDOT:PSS中掺杂聚乙二醇(PEG)的方法进行研究,发现阳极修饰层中掺杂不同浓度的PEG后,器件的各项性能均有所提升。通过电流电压(I-V)测试、电容-电压(C-V)测试、外量子效率(EQE)测试、及不同浓度PEG下PEDOT:PSS的电导率的测量发现,在PEDOT:PSS中掺杂体积比为1%的PEG时,太阳电池器件的填充因子(FF)、短路电流(J_(sc))等有明显提升。其光电转换效率从5.88%升至6.48%,比基础器件提高10%。     

退火对活性层P3HT:PCBM性能的影响

采用匀胶机旋涂成膜的方法在手套箱中制备了P3HT:PCBM薄膜,详细研究了退火处理对薄膜的吸收、晶体结构以及表面形貌的影响,并全面阐述了它们之间的联系。结果发现退火后薄膜的吸收增强,吸收峰的峰位有所红移,通过XRD测试研究表明是因为薄膜出现了不同程度的晶化,主要是P3HT发生了部分晶化。对表面形貌进一步研究发现退火后薄膜的表面粗糙度有所增加,并形成了一定清晰可见的互穿网络,薄膜发生品化,使薄膜性能得到大大改善。将优化得到的材料用于太阳电池中,电池结构为glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM/Al,在AM1.5,100mW/cm~2条件下测试获得电池效率1.41%。     

碘化铅残留对钙钛矿太阳电池性能影响

通过对一步法和两步法制备的钙钛矿电池器件的光电性能进行研究,发现2种方法制备的太阳电池主要性能参数有明显差异。一步法制备的器件有更大的短路电流密度(Jsc)和更高的填充因子(FF),两步法制备的器件有更高的开路电压(Voc)。通过电容-电压(C-V)测量、外量子效率以及开路电压随光强变化,发现两步法中PbI_2对器件性能的影响。PbI_2在聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩:聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PEDOT:PSS)和钙钛矿之间形成空穴阻挡层,有利于开路电压的提高,但对空穴传输和载流子收集有不利的影响。     

一种聚合物/C60异质结有机太阳电池

用MEH-PPV为给体(空穴传输)、C60为受体(电子传输)首先制备了分层和体异质结结构的两种器件,器件结构为ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MEH-PPV/C60/Al和ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MEH-PPV:C60/Al。之后又制备了结构为ITO/PE-DOT:PSS/MEH-PPV:C60/C60/Al的第3个器件。作者比较了这3种器件的光伏性质,发现器件3的短路电流密度(JSC)比器件1和器件2的分别增加了300%和150%,开路电压(VOC)分别增加了100%和20%。这主要是由于C60层增加了电子由受体传输到负电极的通道并增大了给体受体界面面积。另一原因是此C60层一定程度地阻挡了空穴从有机物向负极的传输,从而有效地改善了太阳电池的性能。     

石墨浆做背接触层的碲化镉薄膜太阳电池及组件的研究

使用掺杂石墨浆作为碲化镉薄膜太阳电池的背接触层.研究了石墨浆的成分、涂覆了石墨浆后的热处理工艺对单元电池器件性能的影响.使用优化工艺制备了大面积集成碲化镉薄膜太阳电池.结果表明:使用石墨浆背接触层,可将单元电池效率从3.8%提高到10.2%;将优化了的石墨浆处理工艺应用到27.0cm×36.7cm的大面积集成碲化镉薄膜太阳电池上,得到了7.4%的转化效率.     

硅薄膜太阳电池制备技术发展概况

薄膜太阳电池是缓解能源危机的新型光伏器件。作为应用最为广泛的硅基薄膜太阳电池,本文主要总结硅薄膜电池的制备工艺和制备方法,讨论了不同陷光结构对太阳电池性能的影响,介绍了最新高效太阳电池的制备方法,并展望硅薄膜太阳电池的发展趋势。     

Status and research development of Si NWs/PEDOT∶PSS hybrid solar cells

硅基太阳电池作为当前主流的光伏器件,进一步降低成本并提升效率仍是人们努力的方向.基于此,一方面,可以从太阳电池材料入手,用硅纳米线阵列代替平板硅,硅纳米线阵列具有优异的光学和电学性能,可大幅减少光反射,增加光的吸收和利用,有望提高光伏器件的效率,并可降低硅原料消耗,降低材料成本;另一方面,将硅微纳结构与有机材料进行复合,充分利用两种材料的优势,制备杂化太阳电池,以达到增强稳定性,提高效率和降低成本的目的.本文概括了Si纳米线阵列SiNWs/PEDOT∶PSS杂化太阳电池的发展现状和存在的问题,并针对相应问题的解决思路和发展方向进行了讨论.     

化学水浴沉积制备高质量Zn(O,S)薄膜及其性能研究

为获得铜铟镓硒薄膜太阳电池中高质量Zn(O,S)无镉缓冲层薄膜,该研究阐述了柠檬酸三钠作为络合剂制备Zn(O,S)薄膜的成膜机理,系统性研究了该体系下各反应参数对薄膜化学水浴沉积的影响。研究表明,柠檬酸三钠的浓度值显著影响反应类型,异质反应更有利于生成高质量薄膜。同时,柠檬酸三钠与金属离子浓度的比值直接影响成膜质量和成膜速率,适合的pH溶液环境有助于提高Zn(O,S)薄膜沉积的质量。此外,通过工艺参数的优化,获得了电学性能接近传统CdS/CIGS太阳电池的Zn(O,S)/CIGS电池器件。     

柔性衬底微晶硅薄膜太阳电池研究

采用等离子增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)技术制备了系列本征微晶硅薄膜材料和nip单结微晶硅太阳电池,研究了硅烷浓度、衬底温度和辉光功率等沉积参数与薄膜材料性能、薄膜电池性能三者之间的关系.拉曼光谱和器件测试结果表明:随硅烷浓度的增加,本征层晶化率逐渐减小,直至转变为非晶硅;沉积温度高于200℃时,电池性能严重恶化;随等离子辉光功率增加,材料晶化率保持不变,而电池开路电压逐渐增大,短波光谱响应逐渐增强.在此基础上,优化了单结微晶硅电池沉积参数,得到效率为6.48％ (AM0,25℃)的单结微晶硅薄膜太阳电池;并将其应用到非晶硅／微晶硅叠层电池中,在不锈钢柔性衬底上得到效率为9.28％( AM0,25℃)的叠层电池.     

Effects of solvent-treated PEDOT:PSS on organic photovoltaic devices

We investigated the effects of poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films treated with methoxyethanol (ME) on the performance of polymer solar cells, and the effects were compared with the PEDOT:PSS films treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). In particular, a correlation between the performance parameters of polymer solar cells and changes in the conductivity, surface morphology, and work function of treated PEDOT:PSS was investigated as a function of an added ME and DMSO ratio. The enhanced conductivity of the treated PEDOT:PSS improved the short circuit current and reduced the series resistance of solar cells. While the enhanced conductivity and surface roughness of the treated PEDOT:PSS also induced the large leakage current and sacrificed the device FF. The open circuit voltage was almost constant, although the slightly reduced voltage was observed.     

Influence of doped PEDOT:PSS on the performance of polymer solar cells

The influence of anode buffer layers of doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) on the performance of solar cells made from blends of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl-C₆₁-buytyric acid methyl ester has been investigated. Different concentration of ethylene glycol were added into the PEDOT:PSS solution to increase its conductivity. The surface roughness of the doped PEDOT:PSS film was changed, which was examined by atomic force microscopy. The best doped device with a power conversion efficiency of 4.39% as compared to 3.41% for the pristine device has been achieved. The enhanced PEDOT:PSS conductivity improved the short circuit current and fill factor of the doped device. The almost constant open circuit voltage indicated the well-established ohmic contact between the anode and active layer irrespective of the doping of the PEDOT:PSS. The changed surface roughness of the doped PEDOT:PSS film did not correlate with the morphology of the consequent active layer and the resultant device performance.     

Mechanical flexibility of transparent PEDOT:PSS electrodes prepared by gravure printing for flexible organic solar cells

The mechanical flexibility of transparent poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films printed onto a flexible PET substrate using a gravure printing method was investigated using a lab-made bending test system. Gravure-printed PEDOT:PSS electrodes with a sheet resistance of 359 Ω/square and a transparency of 88.92% showed outstanding flexibility in several types of flexibility tests, including outer/inner bending, twisting and stretching. Notably, the PEDOT:PSS electrode had a constant resistance change (ΔR/R₀) within an outer and inner bending radius of 10 mm. In addition the stretched PEDOT:PSS electrode showed a fairly constant resistance change (ΔR/R₀) up to 4%, which is more stable than the resistance change of conventional amorphous ITO electrode. The twisting test revealed that the resistance of the PEDOT:PSS electrode began to increase at an angle of 36° due to delamination of the film from the PET substrate. Despite the high sheet resistance of the PEDOT:PSS electrode the flexible organic solar cells fabricated on the PEDOT:PSS electrode showed a power conversion efficiency of ∼2% (FF: 44.9%, V_o: 0.495 V and J_sc: 9.1 mA/cm²), indicating the possibility of using gravure printed PEDOT:PSS as a flexible and transparent electrode for printing-based flexible organic solar cells.     

Vacuum-free processed transparent inverted organic solar cells with spray-coated PEDOT:PSS anode

Spray coating is a high throughput coating technique that is scalable and adaptable for organic photovoltaic manufacturing. To ensure uniform coating of the organic layers, the wettability, surface tension and boiling points of the solvents have to be optimized. Here, we used microscopic videos to understand the dynamics of the spray coating process. By optimizing the wettability and drying time of the PEDOT:PSS suspension on a hydrophobic surface, we attained a spray coated transparent anode without compromising on device performance. We further applied this vacuum-free process to a near infrared absorber to achieve a transparent organic solar cell with close to 60% transparency.     

Bismuth tungstate-anchored PEDOT: PSS materials for high performance HER electrocatalyst

Bismuth tungstate anchored PEDOT: PSS (BiW@PEPS) electrocatalyst was prepared via hydrothermal and ultrasonication methods successively. The synergetic effects of bismuth tungstate with PEDOT: PSS conducting polymer showed excellent electrocatalytic performance of hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) in alkaline conditions. When compared with pristine bismuth tungstate, the BiW@PEPS exhibited an enhanced electrocatalytic activity with a lower overpotential of 361 mV at 10 mA cm⁻², small Tafel slope of 106 mV/dec and enduring stability in 1 M KOH electrolyte. The enhanced electrocatalytic performance of the BiW@PEPS proved to be a beneficial electrocatalyst to the high-cost platinum-based materials in hydrogen production applications.     

Preparation and electrochromic properties of spin self-assembled polyelectrolyte multilayer films composed of PEDOT:PSS and PAH

Polyelectrolyte multilayer films composed of a polycation (poly(allylamine hydrochloride) PAH) and a polyanion (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) PEDOT:PSS) were prepared by a spin self-assembly method, and their electrochemical and electrochromic properties were investigated. The change in the surface charge and the optical absorption spectra of the multilayer films revealed that sequential deposition of polyelectrolyte was successfully achieved during the spin self-assembly. The electrochromic properties of 20-bilayered PAH/PEDOT:PSS were also investigated. The response time for the coloring and bleaching processes was 6.2 and 2.5 s, respectively, and the coloration efficiency was 199.3 cm²/C. These results indicate that a spin self-assembly process could be a viable alternative for the fabrication of electrochromic devices.     

Spray PEDOT:PSS coated perovskite with a transparent conducting electrode for low cost scalable photovoltaic devices

Organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite materials are an attractive candidate for low-cost thin-film photovoltaics but in order to successfully rival other technologies, it is critical to focus research on addressing the potential bottlenecks to commercialisation. The conventional hole transporter spiro-OMeTAD and evaporated gold contact are unsuitable for commercialisation due to the cost. This study introduces a method for fabricating perovskite devices without spiro-OMeTAD. Instead, PEDOT:PSS was applied directly to the perovskite material using a carefully controlled spray process. The water hyphen containing PEDOT:PSS used was spray coated onto the perovskite film with careful drying to provide a 55-nm-thick interlayer between the perovskite and the electrode providing hole collection. XRD analysis showed that by controlled application, it was possible to avoid water-induced perovskite degradation. The device was completed using a previously demonstrated transparent conducting adhesive electrode based on vertically orientated channels of PEDOT:PSS within an acrylic adhesive instead of evaporated gold. Fully fabricated devices gave comparable performance to those without spiro-OMeTAD.     

ITO free MoO3/Au/MoO3 structures using Al2O3 as protective barrier between MoO3 and PEDOT:PSS in organic solar cells

A MoO₃/Au/MoO₃ structure with a protective barrier Al₂O₃ was developed to suppress the reactions between MoO₃ and the PEDOT:PSS film in organic solar cells (OSCs). Though the maximum optical transmittance of this structure was 66% at 550 nm wavelength, the power conversion efficiency of a MoO₃/Au/MoO₃/Al₂O₃/PEDOT:PSS based OSCs was 2.77%, comparable to the 2.89% of an ITO-based OSCs. The introduction of a very thin Al₂O₃ layer between the MoO₃ and the acidic PEDOT:PSS film effectively protected the MoO₃ from the acidic and water dispersed PEDOT:PSS film, increasing the J_sc, V_oc and FF of the structure above those of the MoO₃/Au/MoO₃/PEDOT:PSS structure. The Al₂O₃ (1 nm) introduced to the MoO₃/Au/MoO₃ structure improved J_sc because it suppressed the reactions between MoO₃ and PEDOT:PSS and lowered the work function of the PEDOT:PSS film. The MoO₃/Au/MoO₃/Al₂O₃ electrode was shown to be a promising replacement of ITO for use in flexible optoelectronic devices.     

The spectral sensitivity of PEDOT:PSS films

The sheet resistance of bare and encapsulated PEDOT:PSS films is investigated as a function of time when irradiated. A spectral sensitivity curve is extracted by monitoring the increase in sheet resistance over 500 h while the films are exposed to monochrome light in the spectral range of 290-417 nm at a power level of approximately 2 W/m². It is shown that light of wavelength λ<315 nm has to be strictly omitted to maintain the film's sheet resistance. The degradation can be significantly slowed down by taking proper encapsulation means. The impact of oxygen and humidity has to be blocked to avoid light induced oxidation reactions of PEDOT and subsequent conductivity losses. Alternatively, the conductivity can be maintained by the addition of stabilizing agents to the polymer dispersion.