聚合物/MXene柔性力敏材料制备及应用研究进展

MXene作为一种新型的二维纳米材料,拥有优良的导电性,在柔性力敏材料领域有广泛的应用前景。为了构筑柔性力敏材料,通常将MXene与柔性聚合物或多孔聚合物相结合,从而实现柔性及大形变。柔性力敏材料中,MXene的分布、导电网络结构与形态由制备方法决定,进而决定传感器的类型和应用类型及场合。文中从MXene柔性力敏材料的制备策略角度出发,总结了浸渍法、喷涂法、真空过滤法、冰模板法及其它方法对MXene柔性力敏材料性能的影响,同时归纳了MXene柔性力敏材料在生理信号、细微人体动作、关节运动信号监测以及对信号进行示踪等方面的应用进展。     

MXene在压力传感中的研究进展

近年来,压力传感器在智能可穿戴纺织品、健康监测、电子皮肤等领域得到了广泛应用。二维纳米材料MXene的出现,为压力传感带来了全新的突破。Ti3C2Tx是压力传感领域研究最多的MXene,具有良好的机械性能、高导电性、优异的亲水性以及广泛的可修饰性,是理想的压力传感材料。因此,近些年研究者们对MXene在压力传感器中的设计和应用进行了大量探索和研究。本文总结了MXene的制备技术和抗氧化方法。同时介绍了基于MXene的微结构设计,包括气凝胶/多孔结构材料、水凝胶、柔性衬底和薄膜。该类设计有利于提高压力传感器的响应范围、灵敏度和柔韧性,促进了压力传感器的快速发展。此外,进一步探讨了MXene压力传感器的工作机制,包括压阻式、电容式、压电式、摩擦电式、电池式和纳米流体式等。MXene以其优异的特性而在各种机制的传感器中得到了广泛应用。最后,对MXene材料的合成、性质以及其在压力传感方面的机遇和挑战进行了展望。     

二维MXene材料在气体传感器领域的应用进展

MXene材料是由前过渡金属碳、氮化物组成的无机化合物,二维MXene及其复合材料具有类石墨烯层状结构、高比表面积、优异的导电性和丰富的表面活性位点,近年来在材料领域成为研究热点.本文聚焦二维MXene材料在气体传感器领域的应用前景,从MXene和气敏性能等角度进行了综述,重点对MXene及其(无机/有机)复合材料用作...     

基于石墨烯/聚合物的柔性力敏材料研究进展

石墨烯(G)作为一种性能优异的二维纳米材料,其高电导率、灵活性为柔性力敏材料的发展打下了坚实基础,G/聚合物复合材料可用作高弹性和高灵敏度的柔性传感器。文中从材料结构角度归纳G/聚合物柔性力敏材料的研究进展,总结了逾渗导电网络结构、层状结构、网状G填充柔性基体和G填充于网状聚氨酯海绵结构等多种不同结构类型的柔性力敏材料,并对材料结构与形态、机电性能及应用进行了相应的表征和分析,最后展望了G/聚合物柔性力敏材料领域的挑战与发展趋势。     

基于MXene的电化学传感研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

MXene是一种早期过渡金属碳化物、氮化物或碳氮化物组成的二维(2D)层状材料。由于MXene具有独特的层状形态、高电导率、高比表面积、优异的亲水性和良好的热稳定性等特性,在物理、化学和纳米技术领域具有广阔的应用前景,可应用于催化、储能和传感器等多种科学领域。本文主要综述基于MXene的电化学传感器的研究进展,介绍电化学传感器的原理、构成,传感界面修饰和MXene制备方法,着重讨论MXene在电化学酶传感器、电化学非酶传感器、电化学免疫传感器、电化学适体传感器和电化学分子印迹传感器方面的研究进展,指出MXene电化学传感领域工业化和商业化利用不足、新种类MXene开发的挑战,对其在各类分析物检测、更多潜在领域的应用进行展望。     

新型二维材料MXene的气敏性能研究进展

MXene是一种新型二维过渡金属碳化物/氮化物。作为二维材料,MXene具有大的比表面积和丰富的表面官能团,表面容易吸附气体分子,且吸附的气体分子会影响材料的导电性能。因此,MXene可以用来作为新型气敏材料。从理论到实验的角度综述各种MXene（Ti₃C₂ MXene、V₂C MXene、Mo₂C MXene等）的气敏性能以及气敏应用,归纳不同MXenes对气体的响应特性,分析MXene的气敏机理,总结MXene作为气敏材料的优势和缺点,展望MXene在气体传感器领域的未来应用前景。     

MXene及MXene/碳基复合材料在生物医学领域的研究进展（英文）

MXene是一种具有独特层状结构的新型过渡金属碳化物，它具有较大的比表面积、优异的导电性、光热性能和抗菌性能等特殊的物理化学特性，因此表现出较高的应用价值。与此同时，为了追求更广泛的应用，MXene常与炭材料复合以增强其综合性能。近年来，MXene及MXene/碳基复合材料在电子、传感以及生物医药等领域受到了广泛关注。本文聚焦于MXene及MXene/碳基复合材料的制备、修饰方法及其在生物传感、抗菌材料、疾病诊断与治疗等生物医学领域中的应用，以期推动MXene研究取得更大进展。     

电阻式柔性触觉传感器的研究进展

电阻式柔性触觉传感器具有柔韧灵敏、简单可靠、检测范围广、易于集成化等特点，在触觉感知、人机交互、医疗健康等传感应用领域占据着极其重要的地位，具有广阔的应用前景。随着电阻式柔性触觉传感器的发展，其制备技术和结构设计愈加精密成熟，3D打印技术的应用以及各类微结构的设计使传感器柔韧性和灵敏性得到了极大的提高。然而，目前高性能电阻式柔性触觉传感器的制作工艺仍旧十分复杂，严重限制了其批量生产的能力。再加上电阻式柔性触觉传感器不能实现剪裁拼接、高效低耗等功能，因而无法满足人们对其大面积覆盖和高密度触觉感知的期望。此外，就性能而言，电阻式柔性触觉传感器也难以实现高柔与高敏的兼顾效果，在传感上仍有局限性。为了解决这些难点，众多国际学者在柔性衬底材料、导电敏感材料的选择，以及敏感单元、阵列结构的设计上进行了大量的研究，搭建电子皮肤触觉感知系统。如今，电阻式柔性触觉传感器已经朝着微型化、集成化、自愈合、自清洁、生物适应、生物降解、神经接口控制等方向发展，并在多功能传感上取得了卓越成果。本文首先介绍了电阻式柔性触觉传感器的检测原理和性能指标，然后从材料选择、结构设计和性能优化方面概述了电阻式柔性触觉传感器的...     

二维材料MXenes在传感领域的应用研究进展

二维(2D)材料MXenes独特的结构、组成和物理化学特性,使其成为继石墨烯之后2D材料研究领域又一种"明星"材料.MXenes的应用范围从机械、光学、电子、储能等领域扩展到生物医学、环境保护等.这主要是由于其具有大比表面积、高导电性、丰富的表面功能基团、良好的生物相容性,以及可利用各种聚合物或纳米颗粒进行表面功能化,使其有望应用于精准的生物传感、有毒气体和液体污染物传感监测平台.目前,MXenes材料在传感领域的研究主要集中于电流型生物传感、生物/气体电阻传感和压电传感等.在生物电化学传感中,MXenes材料主要用作蛋白质、生物酶、生物发光材料等的固定化基质,以利用其大比表面积、高导电性的特性,提高电子传质效率和速率,从而达到提高传感灵敏度、降低检测限的目的;生物/气体电阻传感是基于MXenes材料对外来吸附分子(生物分子或气体分子)造成的电导率扰动的灵敏性反映,而MXenes材料对外来生物分子或气体分子的吸附是基于其丰富的功能基团(主要为-OH、-F、-O、-Cl等)与这些分子之间的相互作用;压电传感方面的研究主要集中于便携式或可穿戴式压电传感器,MXenes受应力作用,其层间距发生变化,导致其电导率发生变化而产生电信号.可见,在传感器的应用中,人们利用的是MXenes材料的大比表面积和导电性以及表面功能基团.但是,MXenes材料的导电性受表面功能基团的影响,这些基团在一定程度上会降低MXenes的导电性,甚至某些基团使其变为半导体,这不利于传感器高导电性的要求.事实上,功能基团和高电导率是一对矛盾体,研究工作需要在两者之间寻找最佳平衡点.另外,不同的功能基团对不同元素类型的MXenes材料的导电性影响也存在差别.因此,研究者在研究利用进一步的功能化修饰电极(例如修饰贵金属纳米粒子、碳纳米管等)来克服电导率的问题的同时,也在积极寻求更适合传感的不同元素类型的MXenes材料.本文简要概述了MXenes材料的制备、结构、性能研究进展,重点综述了为生物医学、环境保护应用而设计的MXenes传感器的构建及其最新研究进展,包括电流型生物传感、可穿戴式生物传感、MXenes还原电化学传感、生物电阻传感、气体电阻传感、压电/应变传感等.本文还讨论了MXenes材料在传感领域应用面临的困难和挑战.希望本文能在MXenes传感器的开发及应用中为研究者提供有益的指导和帮助.     

基于渗流网络的聚合物基柔性应变传感复合材料研究进展

基于渗流网络的柔性导电高分子复合材料具有制备简便、加工性良好、成本低、电学与应变传感性能可调等优点,是构筑柔性应变传感材料的重要方式,也是目前研究的热点.文中首先介绍柔性力敏材料的渗流网络、导电机理、性能参数及相关数值模拟,并详细介绍了逾渗曲线,然后总结了导电填料含量、形貌与维数、导电填料协同作用、填料与基体间的相互作...     

Advanced Carbon for Flexible and Wearable Electronics

Flexible and wearable electronics are attracting wide attention due to their potential applications in wearable human health monitoring and care systems. Carbon materials have combined superiorities such as good electrical conductivity, intrinsic and structural flexibility, light weight, high chemical and thermal stability, ease of chemical functionalization, as well as potential mass production, enabling them to be promising candidate materials for flexible and wearable electronics. Consequently, great efforts are devoted to the controlled fabrication of carbon materials with rationally designed structures for applications in next‐generation electronics. Herein, the latest advances in the rational design and controlled fabrication of carbon materials toward applications in flexible and wearable electronics are reviewed. Various carbon materials (carbon nanotubes, graphene, natural‐biomaterial‐derived carbon, etc.) with controlled micro/nanostructures and designed macroscopic morphologies for high‐performance flexible electronics are introduced. The fabrication strategies, working mechanism, performance, and applications of carbon‐based flexible devices are reviewed and discussed, including strain/pressure sensors, temperature/humidity sensors, electrochemical sensors, flexible conductive electrodes/wires, and flexible power devices. Furthermore, the integration of multiple devices toward multifunctional wearable systems is briefly reviewed. Finally, the existing challenges and future opportunities in this field are summarized.     

基于微结构的柔性压力传感器设计、制备及性能

随着科技的快速发展,电子皮肤和柔性可穿戴设备由于在人体运动、健康监测、智能机器人等领域具有重要应用而引起了人们广泛的关注。传统的基于贵金属或金属氧化物半导体的压力传感器成本高、柔韧性差,而新型的基于微结构的柔性压力传感器具有灵敏度高、应变范围宽、低成本、低功耗、响应速度快等优势,在电子皮肤和柔性可穿戴设备等方面发挥重要作用,成为当前柔性电子材料与器件主要研究热点之一。本文系统总结了近年来颇受关注的基于金字塔形、微球形、微柱形、仿生结构、褶皱等不同柔性基底微结构和多孔导电聚合物材料的柔性压力传感器在材料选择、结构设计、制备方法、传感性能等方面取得的重要进展,并对柔性压力传感器的未来发展进行了展望。     

Emerging MXene-Based Flexible Tactile Sensors for Health Monitoring and Haptic Perception

Due to their potential applications in physiological monitoring, diagnosis, human prosthetics, haptic perception, and human–machine interaction, flexible tactile sensors have attracted wide research interest in recent years. Thanks to the advances in material engineering, high performance flexible tactile sensors have been obtained. Among the representative pressure sensing materials, 2D layered nanomaterials have many properties that are superior to those of bulk nanomaterials and are more suitable for high performance flexible sensors. As a class of 2D inorganic compounds in materials science, MXene has excellent electrical, mechanical, and biological compatibility. MXene-based composites have proven to be promising candidates for flexible tactile sensors due to their excellent stretchability and metallic conductivity. Therefore, great efforts have been devoted to the development of MXene-based composites for flexible sensor applications. In this paper, the controllable preparation and characterization of MXene are introduced. Then, the recent progresses on fabrication strategies, operating mechanisms, and device performance of MXene composite-based flexible tactile sensors, including flexible piezoresistive sensors, capacitive sensors, piezoelectric sensors, triboelectric sensors are reviewed. After that, the applications of MXene material-based flexible electronics in human motion monitoring, healthcare, prosthetics, and artificial intelligence are discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for MXene-based tactile sensors are summarized.     

Stretchable Platinum Network‐Based Transparent Electrodes for Highly Sensitive Wearable Electronics

A platinum network‐based transparent electrode has been fabricated by electrospinning. The unique nanobelt structured electrode demonstrates low sheet resistance (about 16 Ω sq^?1) and high transparency of 80% and excellent flexibility. One of the most interesting demonstrations of this Pt nanobelt electrode is its excellent reversibly resilient characteristic. The electric conductivity of the flexible Pt electrode can recover to its initial value after 160% extending and this performance is repeatable and stable. The good linear relationship between the resistance and strain of the unique structured Pt electrode makes it possible to assemble a wearable high sensitive strain sensor. Present reported Pt nanobelt electrode also reveals potential applications in electrode for flexible fuel cells and highly transparent ultraviolet (UV) sensors.     

High‐Performance Piezoelectric Nanogenerators with Imprinted P(VDF‐TrFE)/BaTiO3 Nanocomposite Micropillars for Self‐Powered Flexible Sensors

Piezoelectric nanogenerators with large output, high sensitivity, and good flexibility have attracted extensive interest in wearable electronics and personal healthcare. In this paper, the authors propose a high‐performance flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator based on piezoelectrically enhanced nanocomposite micropillar array of polyvinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene (P(VDF‐TrFE))/barium titanate (BaTiO₃) for energy harvesting and highly sensitive self‐powered sensing. By a reliable and scalable nanoimprinting process, the piezoelectrically enhanced vertically aligned P(VDF‐TrFE)/BaTiO₃ nanocomposite micropillar arrays are fabricated. The piezoelectric device exhibits enhanced voltage of 13.2 V and a current density of 0.33 µA cm^?2, which an enhancement by a factor of 7.3 relatives to the pristine P(VDF‐TrFE) bulk film. The mechanisms of high performance are mainly attributed to the enhanced piezoelectricity of the P(VDF‐TrFE)/BaTiO₃ nanocomposite materials and the improved mechanical flexibility of the micropillar array. Under mechanical impact, stable electricity is stably generated from the nanogenerator and used to drive various electronic devices to work continuously, implying its significance in the field of consumer electronic devices. Furthermore, it can be applied as self‐powered flexible sensor work in a noncontact mode for detecting air pressure and wearable sensors for detecting some human vital signs including different modes of breath and heartbeat pulse, which shows its potential applications in flexible electronics and medical sciences.     

Fabrication and Characterization of Single-Layer Textile-Based Flexible Pressure Sensors for Smart Wearable Electronics Applications

Textile-based sensors have been widely studied for wearable monitoring. The sensor systems demand a large sensing area, flexibility, and scalable fabrication method. Herein, single-layer piezoresistive sensors are developed by a machine stitching technique using metallic and graphene nanoplatelets-coated conductive threads and fabrics. The pressure-sensing mechanism is based on measuring the electrical resistance due to the change in the contact area between the conductive thread and fabric as pressure on the sensor varies. The single-layer sensor design provides flexibility and overcomes the physical drift of the sensor during human activities, which enhances wearability and performance. The coated textiles are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Physical and electromechanical tests are performed on the sensors to evaluate their wearability and sensing performance. The sensors exhibit a wide working range of up to 100 kPa and good sensitivity with excellent durability against repeated mechanical deformations. The application potential of the sensors in real-time monitoring is demonstrated by embedding them into clothing as a wearable device. Moreover, the effectiveness of the sensors is tested for posture correction. This article suggests a novel technique to fabricate durable, flexible, and highly efficient pressure sensors for smart wearable applications.     

聚3, 4-乙烯二氧噻吩: 聚苯乙烯磺酸盐基柔性复合热电材料研究进展

热电材料可以实现热能与电能的直接转化,是一种安全环保的新型能源材料。近年来,随着可穿戴电子设备的发展,柔性热电材料成为研究人员关注的焦点。传统无机热电材料具有优异的热电性能,但由于自身固有的脆性,限制了在柔性领域的发展。聚3, 4-乙烯二氧噻吩: 聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PEDOT: PSS)具有高电导率、低热导率和良好的柔性,在柔性热电领域具有巨大的潜力。当选择合适的无机填料与PEDOT: PSS进行复合,可以得到优异的热电性能和良好的力学性能。本文综述了PEDOT: PSS基纳米复合薄膜的最新进展,并详细介绍了提高PEDOT: PSS基纳米复合薄膜热电性能的有效方法。最后,本文总结了实现高性能PEDOT: PSS基柔性热电材料的途径及面对的挑战。      

Flexible strain sensors fabricated using carbon-based nanomaterials: A review

Flexible strain sensors have experienced growing demand due to their several potential applications, such as personalized health monitoring, human motion detection, structural health monitoring, smart garments, and robots. Recently, several academic results have been reported concerning flexible and stretchable strain sensors. These reports indicate that the materials and design methods have an important influence on the performance of strain sensors. Carbon-based nanomaterials including carbon-based nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon black nanoparticles play a key role in the fabrication of flexible strain sensors with excellent properties. In terms of design, carbon-based nanomaterials are generally combined with polymers to maintain the flexibility and stability of a strain sensor. Various combined methods were successfully developed using different assembly structures of carbon-based nanomaterials in polymers, such as uniform mixing and ordered structures, including films, fibers, nanofiber membranes, yarns, foams, and fabrics. The working mechanisms of the flexible strain sensors, including changing the conductive network between overlapped nanomaterials, tunneling effect, and crack propagation, are also different compared with that of traditional semiconductor and metal sensors. The effects of the carbon-based nanomaterial structures in polymers on the strain sensing performance have been comprehensively studied and analyzed. The potential applications of flexible strain sensors and current challenges have been summarized and evaluated. This review provides some suggestions for further development of flexible and stretchable strain sensors with outstanding performance.     

Advanced Soft Materials,Sensor Integrations,and Applications of Wearable Flexible Hybrid Electronics in Healthcare,Energy, and Environment

Recent advances in soft materials and system integration technologies have provided a unique opportunity to design various types of wearable flexible hybrid electronics (WFHE) for advanced human healthcare and human–machine interfaces. The hybrid integration of soft and biocompatible materials with miniaturized wireless wearable systems is undoubtedly an attractive prospect in the sense that the successful device performance requires high degrees of mechanical flexibility, sensing capability, and user-friendly simplicity. Here, the most up-to-date materials, sensors, and system-packaging technologies to develop advanced WFHE are provided. Details of mechanical, electrical, physicochemical, and biocompatible properties are discussed with integrated sensor applications in healthcare, energy, and environment. In addition, limitations of the current materials are discussed, as well as key challenges and the future direction of WFHE. Collectively, an all-inclusive review of the newly developed WFHE along with a summary of imperative requirements of material properties, sensor capabilities, electronics performance, and skin integrations is provided.     

Surface-Mediated Interconnections of Nanoparticles in Cellulosic Fibrous Materials toward 3D Sensors

Fibrous materials serve as an intriguing class of 3D materials to meet the growing demands for flexible, foldable, biocompatible, biodegradable, disposable, inexpensive, and wearable sensors and the rising desires for higher sensitivity, greater miniaturization, lower cost, and better wearability. The use of such materials for the creation of a fibrous sensor substrate that interfaces with a sensing film in 3D with the transducing electronics is however difficult by conventional photolithographic methods. Here, a highly effective pathway featuring surface-mediated interconnection (SMI) of metal nanoclusters (NCs) and nanoparticles (NPs) in fibrous materials at ambient conditions is demonstrated for fabricating fibrous sensor substrates or platforms. Bimodally distributed gold–copper alloy NCs and NPs are used as a model system to demonstrate the semiconductive-to-metallic conductivity transition, quantized capacitive charging, and anisotropic conductivity characteristics. Upon coupling SMI of NCs/NPs as electrically conductive microelectrodes and surface-mediated assembly (SMA) of the NCs/NPs as chemically sensitive interfaces, the resulting fibrous chemiresistors function as sensitive and selective sensors for gaseous and vaporous analytes. This new SMI–SMA strategy has significant implications for manufacturing high-performance fibrous platforms to meet the growing demands of the advanced multifunctional sensors and biosensors.