玉果区块垮塌复杂与事故预防处理

玉果区块上部地层含砾岩为主,易塌易漏;下部齐古组灰褐色硬质泥岩水敏强、易剥落掉块,长时间侵泡,井壁失稳垮塌严重,极易造成井下复杂。本文通过对钻井液进行预处理达到减缓井壁失稳垮塌,避免造成井下复杂事故。     

探讨油田深井井壁稳定问题

石油测井的对象是钻井旁边的岩石,但是在石油测井中面临井壁的坍塌,主要技术的难题是岩石的可钻性和井壁岩石的稳定性,井壁的稳定性是直接影响测井的关键因素。本文探讨深井井壁稳定问题,分析井壁失稳的原因并且提出了控制井壁失稳的常用技术。     

井壁稳定性技术及其在青东区块的应用

本文通过对井壁失稳现象、机理及井壁应力状态的分析和计算,对井壁失稳问题进行了较为深入的研究;结合测井资料和地层破裂试验结果,分析并建立了一套计算地层坍塌压力及地层相关物理力学特征参数的方法和模型。通过应用青东区块已钻井的测井资料进行分析计算并与实际结果进行对比,结果表明:地层坍塌压力和安全钻井液密度窗口的计算结果吻合现场实际情况,所提出的方法和计算结果将为青东区块开发过程中安全快速钻井技术提供可靠的技术基础。     

乌南9区块井壁坍塌复杂成因和技术对策研讨

在鸟南9区块勘探初期,钻进宗巴音组大段泥岩过程中,发生井壁掉块坍塌等复杂情况,影响了钻井速度和油层保护.对宗巴音组地层岩性特征进行了分析,讨论了地质因素、钻井液密度及性能和工程因素等方面对井壁失稳的影响,提出了稳定井璧的现场技术对策.     

富县地区井壁稳定控制研究

富县地区是中石化天然气资源接替的主要阵地。在该地区钻井过程中,由于井壁失稳造成的井壁坍塌掉块、卡钻等钻井复杂事故频繁发生,严重影响了该地区钻井提速提效。因此,开展富县地区井壁稳定控制研究,加快该地区勘探开发进程至关重要。首先分析了该地区地质构造情况,找出了井壁失稳的原因,通过力学分析,建立了地层坍塌、破裂压力计算模型,确定了钻井液密度窗口,从而有效控制钻井过程中井壁稳定,保证了该地区钻井施工安全顺利进行。     

水平井钻井液技术在大牛地气田的现场应用

鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田位于陕西省榆林市与内蒙古自治区乌审旗交界地区。在水平井钻井过程中易发生泥页岩的强分散性常引起井壁失稳,造成井壁剥落掉块、垮塌、遇阻等复杂情况。本文详细介绍了大牛地气田水平井钻井液体系、性能及采取措施,为大牛地气田水平井钻井安全高效施工具有重要意义。     

滨435井长裸眼井壁稳定钻井液技术

滨435井是一口二开井,完钻井深:3560米,裸眼井段长,在施工过程中易出现井壁不稳定,产生大量掉块,严重影响了正常钻进。针对该区块的特殊性,制定了一系列的技术措施,使用了胺基聚醇聚磺钻井液体系,克服了井壁失稳的问题。     

冀东油田深层泥岩钻井液防塌性能评价方法研究

冀东油田深层泥岩主要是以伊利石、伊蒙混层为主的硬脆性泥岩;在钻井过程中,泥岩的剥落掉块容易引起井壁失稳,经常造成井壁坍塌掉块、钻具阻卡、电测遇阻等井下复杂情况。针对冀东油田深层泥岩的理化特性和硬脆性泥岩的坍塌机理,研究了钻井液封堵性评价方法;通过高温高压滤失速率、纳米微孔滤膜测试技术和泥岩压力传递测试技术,来评价钻井液体系对硬脆性泥页岩微-纳米孔喉的封堵效果。这些方法对提高钻井液对硬脆性泥岩的封堵能力有一定的指导作用,可以用于现场施工过程中对井壁失稳预防及处理,指导钻井液防塌性能的现场监督管理和调整维护。     

水平井钻井液技术在大牛地气田的现场应用

鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田位于陕西省榆林市与内蒙古自治区乌审旗交界地区。在水平井钻井过程中易发生泥页岩的强分散性常引起井壁失稳,造成井壁剥落掉块、垮塌、遇阻等复杂情况。本文详细介绍了大牛地气田水平井钻井液体系、性能及采取措施,为大牛地气田水平井钻井安全高效施工具有重要意义。     

罗斜153井井壁稳定钻井液技术

罗斜153井是位于济阳坳陷沾化罗家鼻状构造带153断块的定向预探井,由于地质构造复杂,二开大井径长裸眼井段井壁稳定和井眼净化难度大、沙河街组上部易剥蚀掉块、下部软泥岩和盐膏层易缩径。通过使用聚磺润滑防塌钻井液体系和聚胺抗盐润滑防塌钻井液体系,配合现场钻井液维护处理工艺,不但解决了二开长裸眼的井壁稳定和井眼净化问题及沙河街组井壁失稳的难题,而且给邻井的钻探提供了技术保障。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.