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玉果区块上部地层含砾岩为主,易塌易漏;下部齐古组灰褐色硬质泥岩水敏强、易剥落掉块,长时间侵泡,井壁失稳垮塌严重,极易造成井下复杂。本文通过对钻井液进行预处理达到减缓井壁失稳垮塌,避免造成井下复杂事故。 相似文献
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石油测井的对象是钻井旁边的岩石,但是在石油测井中面临井壁的坍塌,主要技术的难题是岩石的可钻性和井壁岩石的稳定性,井壁的稳定性是直接影响测井的关键因素。本文探讨深井井壁稳定问题,分析井壁失稳的原因并且提出了控制井壁失稳的常用技术。 相似文献
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本文通过对井壁失稳现象、机理及井壁应力状态的分析和计算,对井壁失稳问题进行了较为深入的研究;结合测井资料和地层破裂试验结果,分析并建立了一套计算地层坍塌压力及地层相关物理力学特征参数的方法和模型。通过应用青东区块已钻井的测井资料进行分析计算并与实际结果进行对比,结果表明:地层坍塌压力和安全钻井液密度窗口的计算结果吻合现场实际情况,所提出的方法和计算结果将为青东区块开发过程中安全快速钻井技术提供可靠的技术基础。 相似文献
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滨435井是一口二开井,完钻井深:3560米,裸眼井段长,在施工过程中易出现井壁不稳定,产生大量掉块,严重影响了正常钻进。针对该区块的特殊性,制定了一系列的技术措施,使用了胺基聚醇聚磺钻井液体系,克服了井壁失稳的问题。 相似文献
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罗斜153井是位于济阳坳陷沾化罗家鼻状构造带153断块的定向预探井,由于地质构造复杂,二开大井径长裸眼井段井壁稳定和井眼净化难度大、沙河街组上部易剥蚀掉块、下部软泥岩和盐膏层易缩径。通过使用聚磺润滑防塌钻井液体系和聚胺抗盐润滑防塌钻井液体系,配合现场钻井液维护处理工艺,不但解决了二开长裸眼的井壁稳定和井眼净化问题及沙河街组井壁失稳的难题,而且给邻井的钻探提供了技术保障。 相似文献
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苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况,合成乙苯,苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类,并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。 相似文献
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Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile
Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, 13C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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G. R. Hamed 《The Journal of Adhesion》1983,16(1):31-39
A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength. 相似文献
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The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu3Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu3Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters. 相似文献
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《国际聚合物材料杂志》2012,61(1-4):113-122
Abstract Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed. 相似文献
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责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体. 相似文献
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Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method1 was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity. 相似文献