大直径盾构隧道新型纵缝接头抗弯性能试验研究

纵缝接头是盾构隧道受力性能的薄弱部位,管片接头的形式直接影响盾构隧道的力学性能。目前国内的盾构隧道纵缝接头使用的连接件多为螺栓,新型纵缝接头使用了一种新的连接件—滑入式连接件,此种接头在大直径盾构隧道中的受力性能有待研究。本文以新型纵缝接头为研究对象,针对两种不同型号的滑入式连接件,采用模型试验的方法探究了大直径盾构隧道新型纵缝接头的受力性能,通过理论分析计算了新型纵缝接头的极限承载力,并比较分析了传统螺栓纵缝接头和新型纵缝接头的受力性能。结果表明：新型接头衬砌管片的薄弱部位在连接件周围的混凝土区域;滑入式连接件的型号直接影响新型纵缝接头的受力性能,两种接头中连接件尺寸较大的接头转角刚度相较于连接件尺寸较小的接头转角刚度增加了7.2～169.5%,极限承载能力增加了69.9%;新型纵缝接头比螺栓接头有更高的转角刚度,受力性能更好,适用于大直径盾构隧道。     

连接螺栓对类矩形盾构隧道结构极限承载力影响的试验研究与分析

针对类矩形盾构隧道衬砌结构纵向接缝处弯矩正负性确定的特点,对纵向接缝连接螺栓位置进行了优化。基于结构整环足尺试验结果,对比分析了优化前后衬砌结构整体变形、接缝变形和螺栓应变的发展,研究了优化前后结构设计阶段受力性能、破坏机制、极限承载力和鲁棒性的异同。研究结果表明：①螺栓位置优化对结构设计阶段受力性能影响较小;②优化后结构在带缝工作阶段的受力性能明显提升,结构整体刚度提高,极限承载力提高30%;③优化后结构破坏呈延性破坏特征,属于塑性铰机制,结构结构整体安全性得到提高。     

盾构管片纵向接缝承载力原型加载实验

在地铁区间盾构隧道的衬砌环结构的设计中,管片间接头处往往是结构的薄弱部位。为验证纵向接缝的极限抗弯承载力,采用新型液压加载装置,针对国内地铁区间隧道常用的通缝拼装的管片纵向接缝进行了足尺加载试验。得到接头在压弯工况下的极限弯矩和极限变形,同时总结归纳了接头达到承载力极限状态的破坏现象,为纵向接缝力学性质的研究提供了一些参考。     

地铁盾构隧道纵向接缝承载能力试验研究与解析分析

当前地铁运营实践和研究表明管片接缝是盾构隧道衬砌结构的薄弱环节,接缝的受力性能直接决定了隧道结构的承载能力。依托于整环试验研究结论,以盾构隧道管片纵缝接缝为研究对象,对不同运营工况下管片接缝的承载性能进行了足尺试验研究,获得不同工况下构件挠度、接缝转角等变化规律,得到转角刚度。分析得到了纵缝接缝的破坏链条,推导了可模拟接缝受力全过程的解析模型分析了纵缝接缝的全过程受力性能及其极限承载力。并借此模型对接缝截面与全截面受力变形进行对比分析,通过试验数据与解析模型数据的对比分析验证解析模型的合理性。     

考虑碳化的地铁盾构隧道纵缝接头抗弯力学模型研究

长期服役的地铁盾构隧道内表面混凝土会产生碳化现象,从而改变纵缝接头的受力性能。针对地铁盾构隧道服役期混凝土碳化典型工况,考虑接缝面细部构造、正常及碳化混凝土不同非线性受力特性、接缝面接触特性以及螺栓预紧等因素,构建可以表征接缝面混凝土压碎、螺栓屈服以及接头极限状态的纵缝接头抗弯力学模型,并结合纵缝接头抗弯足尺试验对碳化后地铁盾构隧道纵缝接头的力学性能进行对比分析,验证工程设计适用性。研究结果表明：采用全积分形式进行纵缝接头混凝土本构关系运算,适用研究混凝土碳化的影响;负弯矩作用下,内表面边缘混凝土接触之前,混凝土碳化无明显的影响;接触之后,随着碳化厚度增加,螺栓应变、接缝张开量及压缩量等最大值均增大,极限弯矩也相应增大,但增幅不断减小;轴力不会对碳化后的纵缝接头力学性能产生明显耦合影响。     

基于足尺试验的管片纵缝接头刚度分析

为了研究上海地铁通缝拼装盾构隧道的结构承载力学特性,进行了通缝隧道结构荷载足尺试验,试验通过24个加载点施加水平集中荷载来模拟盾构隧道周围土体的分布荷载。通过反演分析结果及足尺试验观测结果,对管片纵缝接头刚度与结构变形的总体趋势进行了分析。试验结果表明,管片的纵缝接头抗弯刚度随着结构变形的增加而呈现出减小趋势,主要与管片接头受压区混凝土受压面积减小有关,其次还与受压区混凝土破坏和螺栓发生塑性变形有关。基于纵缝接头刚度的衰减特性,运营期盾构隧道安全评估时管片环的刚度有效率提出结合盾构隧道结构的变形状态进行合理取值。     

错缝输水盾构隧道衬砌力学性能试验研究

针对三门核电站二期取排水盾构隧道工程设计问题,通过接头足尺试验,研究错缝拼装管片的受力性能,包括极限承载能力和破坏模式,利用单环压弯试验进行对比分析,探讨错缝与通缝衬砌在受力性能上的区别.主要结论为:(1)一般负弯矩纵缝接头处的弯矩传递系数相对较大;(2)对错缝拼装的衬砌而言,环缝和管片本体的破坏更易发生,而不会先发生...     

基于断裂力学的盾构隧道管片结构开裂破损机制探讨

管片结构的破损已经成为盾构隧道的常见病害之一。采用基于断裂力学的有限元方法,从单块管片、2块管片(含接头)、整环衬砌结构3个层次探讨盾构隧道管片结构的破损机制。研究表明,单块管片的承载力性能和破坏模式主要受边界约束条件的影响;接头的破坏表现为一侧张开、一侧压碎并最终导致整环衬砌结构的破坏。简化的连续型接头模型在模拟低负载条件下的接头行为时与真实情况较为接近,但无法模拟在高负载或承载力极限条件下接头两端管片相互脱离、断开的现象和接头区混凝土的压碎现象。为了更准确地预测整环衬砌结构的极限承载能力和变形性能,接头的模拟是关键。     

天津地铁1.2 m管片环间榫式接头抗剪性能分析

采用有限元模拟的方法,结合能够反映管片开裂全过程的塑性损伤本构,建立了混凝土管片结构的三维精细化数值计算模型,针对地铁盾构隧道通用楔形管片榫式接头抗剪性能展开详细的分析,明确得到了隧道衬砌结构环缝受剪的全过程,系统地研究了管片环间榫式结构受剪时的损伤范围及损伤高度、环缝极限剪切承载力以及环缝抗剪刚度。最后,通过建立30组模型详细分析了不同榫槽尺寸对接头抗剪性能的影响,提出了环缝极限剪切承载力和损伤高度的经验公式。研究结果表明:管片损伤主要分布在接头凹槽部位,以受拉损伤为主,内剪情况下凹槽内弧面损伤破坏是左环间接头失去抗剪能力的主要原因。环缝极限剪切承载力和损伤高度均随榫槽角度的增大而减小,随榫槽深度的增大而增大。研究结果为进一步探讨隧道管片凹凸榫槽接头的力学性能提供参考。     

盾构隧道60°斜穿地裂缝的变形破坏机制试验研究

 从西安地铁盾构隧道工程背景和西安地裂缝地质环境出发,根据相似理论设计盾构隧道管片衬砌结构60°斜穿地裂缝的物理模型试验。管片混凝土应变、纵向和环向螺栓应变、结构接触土压力和结构外围土压力、结构内部收敛位移、模型顶表面土体变形以及宏观变形破坏现象表明,盾构隧道管片衬砌结构60°斜穿地裂缝的变形破坏模式以剪切变形为主,局部有扭转和弯曲变形;结构破坏范围为上盘0.75D(D为管片环外径1.20 m),下盘0.50D;管片混凝土破坏主要发生在螺栓孔附近,地裂缝处纵向螺栓发生较强的剪切、扭转和拉伸变形破坏;管片衬砌结构变形破坏不对称,管片环向处于偏压状态;环缝拱顶错位量大于拱底和拱腰,拱顶最大错位量达30 mm(0.025D),模型难以适用地裂缝错动变形20 cm(0.166 7D),盾构管片衬砌结构不适用于地裂缝活动强烈的地质环境。     

Experimental investigation of the ultimate bearing capacity of continuously jointed segmental tunnel linings

The serviceability of segmental tunnel linings is attracting more and more attention within the operation of urban rail traffic. Full-scale tests are herein conducted to determine the ultimate bearing capacity of continuously jointed segmental tunnel linings, considering changes of surrounding environment. The design of tested linings and loading schemes are described. The most important results are the evolution of deformations, cracking and opening of joints and forces in bolts. The bearing capacity, role of joint bolts and failure mechanism of the tested linings are analysed. It is found that failure of these linings is caused by the failure of joints. Thus, in order to optimise structural design of tunnel linings, more attention needs to be paid to maximise the joint strength. It is also found that circumferential joint bolts could take action and offer the safety margin in connection with the response of segmental structures. What’s more, a comparison of different experimental loading conditions has shown that segmental lining structures are more vulnerable to lateral unloading than to overload conditions.     

Failure mechanism of tunnel lining joints and bolts with uneven longitudinal ground settlement

To simulate the failure mechanism of tunnel segmental lining joints and longitudinal bolts under uneven longitudinal ground settlement, a numerical model with 3D lining rings and bolts was established. The loads were divided into two parts: the soil pressure around the tunnel just after construction and a displacement loading according to field measurements of uneven longitudinal ground settlement. The interactions between the lining tenons, bolts and their holes, were determined. The results indicated that the deformation of the circumferential joints consisted of opening and dislocation, but the dislocation was dominant. The progressive failure of bolts and waterproofing measures were also revealed. The evaluation of structural integrity of circumferential joint and the mitigate measures were proposed in order to ensure the operational safety of a metro tunnel.     

2D numerical investigation of segmental tunnel lining behavior

The application field of shield tunneling has extended in recent years. Most shield-driven tunnels are supported by segmental concrete linings. Although many well documented experimental, numerical and analytical results exist in literature concerning the functioning of segmental tunnel linings, their behavior under the influence of joints is still not clear.This paper presents a numerical study that has been performed to investigate the factors that affect segmental tunnel lining behavior. Analyses have been carried out using a two-dimensional finite difference element model. The longitudinal joint between segments in a ring has been simulated through double node connections, with six degrees of freedom, represented by six springs. The proposed model allows the effect of not only the rotational stiffness but also the radial stiffness and the axial stiffness of the longitudinal joints to be taken into consideration. The numerical results show a significant reduction in the bending moment induced in the tunnel lining as the joint number increases. The tunnel behavior in terms of the bending moment considering the effect of joint distribution, when the lateral earth pressure factor K₀ is equal to 0.5, 1.5 and 2, is almost similar and differs when K₀ is equal to unity. It has been seen that the influence of joint rotational stiffness, the reduction in joint rotation stiffness under the negative bending moment, the lateral earth pressure factor and Young’s modulus of ground surrounding the tunnel should not be neglected. On the other hand, the results have also shown an insignificant influence of the axial and radial stiffness of the joints on segmental tunnel lining behavior.     

Longitudinal structural modelling of shield tunnels considering shearing dislocation between segmental rings

Shield tunnels in soft deposits are often subjected to differential settlement and longitudinal structural deformation during long-term operation. Since the shear stiffness in circumferential joints between rings is relatively low, shearing induced dislocation between segmental rings becomes a significant aspect of longitudinal deformation of tunnels. The longitudinal deformation mode comprises both rigid rotation of segmental rings (bending mode) and dislocation between rings (dislocation mode). The existing modelling method is usually based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, which only considers the bending effect and ignores the shearing deformation. This paper proposes a new longitudinal structural model to consider the shearing dislocation between rings. In the proposed model, the tunnel is simplified as a homogenous Timoshenko beam, and an equivalent shear stiffness is proposed to consider the influence of joints. Since Timoshenko beam theory considers both flexural deformation and shear deformation of the beam, it can describe the actual deformation mode of a tunnel reasonably. The proposed model is compared with the traditional Euler–Bernoulli beam model based on a field measured longitudinal deformation of a Shanghai metro tunnel. The results indicate that the traditional Euler–Bernoulli model overestimates the longitudinal internal forces of a tunnel. The proposed model based on Timoshenko beam theory predicts a smaller joint opening and a greater dislocation between rings than the Euler–Bernoulli beam model.     

Numerical simulation of the uplift behavior of shield tunnel during construction stage

In this study, a new 3D numerical model that considers the circumferential joint, longitudinal bolt, grout pressure, jacking force and the constraint of shield on the linings is developed to derive deeper insights into the lining uplift behavior during shield tunneling. The numerical analysis is conducted using ANSYS, which is verified by a case history in soft soils. Revealed by both the measurements and calculation results, it is found that the lining uplift due to shield tunneling in soft soils can be divided into three stages: dislocation, stretch and steady deformation stages, respectively. In the dislocation stage, the lining deformation attributes principally to the dislocation deformation between neighboring linings. In the stretch stage, the lining deformation is mainly caused by the stretch deformation of circumferential joints. The major uplift is caused during dislocation stage. Thereafter, the impacts of shield-driving parameters including gradient of grout pressure, jacking force and pre-tightening force of longitudinal bolts on the uplift behavior are investigated by a series of parametric studies. The jacking force during segment preparation and assembly shows the most significant impact on the uplift of the tunnel, while the pre-tightening force of longitudinal bolts shows negligible impact. Finally, the control criterion for lining uplift related to the allowable dislocation and opening angle of circumferential joints is proposed.     

盾构隧道纵向接头局部足尺试验研究

沿盾构隧道纵向,管片环与管片环之间的接头称之为纵向接头。纵向接头是变形的薄弱部位,在变形过程中受到相邻管片的约束,其受力特点与管片接头不同。文章首先采用数值模拟方法,研究纵向接头局部试验的可行性,然后开展纵向接头局部足尺试验,研究接头的受力变形特征,所得结论如下：对纵向接头进行分析时,对比整环模型及纵向等效刚度梁模型计算结果,两者接头张开量、螺栓应力相差在11%以内,管片结构塑性损伤区分布特征基本一致,故纵向等效刚度梁模型可作为纵向接头局部足尺试验的依据;纵向接头局部足尺试验时,纵向接头张开量的变化对轴力更加敏感,螺栓应变增长与环间力(轴力、弯矩)的增加基本保持一致。接缝转角在环间拉力下趋近于0,且追随环间弯矩的变化;各工况中构件表面混凝土最大拉应变出现在套筒侧管片外表面中部,最大压变出现在手孔侧管片的内表面。破坏试验中,纵向拉力3232kN时管片结构先于螺栓破坏,此时螺栓未达屈服强度。     

类矩形盾构隧道纵向抗弯刚度分析

类矩形盾构隧道的等效抗弯刚度是分析其纵向受力变形的重要参数。基于等效连续化模型的基本原理,建立类矩形盾构隧道纵向等效连续化模型,推导得到类矩形盾构隧道的等效抗弯刚度解析解。通过参数分析,研究螺栓、管片宽度、厚度和截面形状等参数对类矩形盾构隧道纵向抗弯刚度有效率的影响。研究表明,由于类矩形盾构隧道截面的特殊性,在建立等效抗弯刚度模型时,需分别对中性轴在隧道腰部和拱底两种不同的情况进行讨论;增加螺栓数量和加大管片宽度可提高类矩形盾构隧道的等效抗弯刚度有效率,中性轴位置随着上移,环缝受拉张开区域减小;增加管片厚度可增加隧道绝对等效抗弯刚度,但是等效抗弯刚度有效率下降,中性轴位置下移;中性轴位置随着宽高比增大而快速下移,当中性轴位置角度与小圆弧圆心角相等时,中心轴下移曲线发生转折;当宽高比为1时,所得解析解退化为圆形盾构隧道等效抗弯刚度解。     

砂土层中盾构隧道局部破坏引发连续破坏的机理研究

盾构隧道由混凝土管片拼接而成,接缝部位薄弱,在建设和运营过程中存在大量风险。国内外发生过多起因隧道管片局部损坏演变为隧道大范围破损甚至连续坍塌并导致地表沉陷等灾害。通过对隧道管片接头的受力分析,建立了接头的极限承载力M-N包络图,作为管片接头的破坏准则。以隧道联络通道施工时,隧道腰部设置洞门作为隧道局部破坏的背景,利用离散元软件PFC,通过FISH语言二次开发研究了隧道腰部管片局部破坏引发的隧道连续破坏机理。研究表明,隧道腰部局部破坏引起土体进入隧道内从而引起隧道腰部外土体松动,并且松动区外围产生的土拱的拱脚支承于隧道顶部区域,这都导致隧道内力急剧增大,直至超过管片及接头的极限承载力,隧道局部破坏发生扩展。由于隧道环间螺栓的作用,破坏环过大的变形引起邻近环横向变形增大,进而引发邻近环的破坏,破坏沿纵向传递,隧道发生大范围连续破坏。最后,初步提出并对比分析了多种隧道防连续破坏措施。