A numerical study on heat storage water tank containing phase change materials for air source heat pump systems

构建空气源热泵-相变蓄热水箱供暖系统,通过相变储能技术的合理应用,优化了太阳能、空气热能等非连续能源的供能方式,有效提高了建筑中可再生能源的利用率。相变蓄热系统采用了6 m³的保温水箱作为蓄热容器,选取46#石蜡为主要相变材料,304#不锈钢管为封装材料。建立蓄热系统的三维数学模型,采用有效热熔法对相变材料的焓值进行处理,运用Fluent数值模拟软件,研究相变蓄热系统的蓄放热性能。模拟结果显示,系统的蓄热时间为9.2 h,理想蓄热量为102.4 kW·h,能够单独提供低能耗建筑连续采暖11.1 h。空气源热泵-相变蓄热水箱供暖系统能实现大跨度的间歇供暖,在利用非连续能源供暖领域具有良好的前景。     

新型无水箱相变蓄热式太阳能集热器及热性能研究

设计了一种新型无水箱相变蓄热式太阳能集热器,其主要由太阳能真空集热管、相变储热球、电加热棒和换热管道组成。实验以复合三水醋酸钠为相变材料,进行无水箱相变蓄热式太阳能集热器的热性能研究,结果表明:在总容积为34 L的集热管组中添加20%的相变储热球后,管内单位容积蓄热量增加,总蓄热量达8.2 MJ;放热过程高温段延长,放热量增加1.98 MJ,有效放热率为0.81;经夜间保温测试,集热管组温降率为1.4℃/h。     

中温相变蓄热装置蓄放热性能的数值分析与实验研究

以所研制的相变温度为76℃的相变蓄热装置为研究对象,通过数值模拟和实验研究,对该相变蓄热装置的蓄、放热性能进行了模拟分析与实验验证。研究结果表明:所研究的相变温度为76℃的中温相变蓄热装置具有良好的蓄、放热性能,为在太阳能利用、工业废热利用以及暖通空调蓄热等领域的工程应用提供了可能。     

太阳热泵蓄热系统蓄热过程的数值模拟

对以CaCl2.6H2O为相变材料的太阳热泵蓄热系统,采用焓法建立了以相变材料封装容器为控制体单元的相变传热模型,计算了蓄热水箱进出口温度,相变材料温度及水箱蓄、放热量等参数。通过对实验结果与模拟结果的比较分析可知,两者数据接近,变化趋势吻合,该模拟方法能较好地反映系统运行情况。     

太阳能热泵相变蓄热供暖系统参数影响研究

针对寒冷地区的气候特点及建筑负荷特点,提出利用相变蓄热的太阳能热泵系统,介绍该系统的运行原理,建立系统各部分的数学模型,针对哈尔滨地区(45.8°N,126.8°E)的气象条件,编制系统动态运行模拟程序,研究太阳集热器面积及相变蓄热水箱参数对整个系统运行性能的影响。研究结果表明,当设计热负荷为10 k W时,系统所需太阳集热器面积约为60 m2,对应相变蓄热水箱中相变材料最佳质量分数约为70%,相变材料封装尺寸减小有助于提高太阳能集热量,且该效果在供暖初期和末期更为显著。     

新型相变蓄热式太阳能集热管及热性能研究

结合太阳能真空集热管和相变蓄热材料的特点,提出了一种集热/蓄热一体化的新型相变蓄热式太阳能集热管,该集热管主要由金属-玻璃真空集热管、螺旋换热管和相变蓄热材料组成。通过室外蓄放热性能实验进行性能测试,结果表明:该新型相变蓄热式太阳能集热管集热效果良好,集热温度可达80℃以上,可很好地应用于热水供暖领域;以石蜡为相变蓄热材料,单根集热管的蓄热量可达3.25 MJ;放热过程中,有效得热量为873.6 kJ,放热损耗率为0.602;在保温性能上,温降率达1.67℃/h,保温性能待进一步提高。     

多级相变太阳能通风吊顶蓄放热特性研究

提出一种基于太阳能热风供暖系统的多级相变通风吊顶新型供暖末端。建立多级相变太阳能通风吊顶传热数值模型,对比研究了单级、两级和三级相变太阳能通风吊顶的蓄放热特性,分析相变材料的长度配比、空气流速对供暖末端蓄放热性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,与采用单一相变材料的通风吊顶相比,多级相变太阳能通风吊顶在蓄放热过程中出口平均温度差异更小。相变蓄热级数为3时,通风吊顶的蓄、放热效率及相变材料利用率改善最大,分别为6.5%、7.9%和25.1%,各级相变材料长度的配比为1∶1∶1时,蓄、放热效率及相变材料利用率最佳,分别为51.0%、88.7%和93.9%。空气流速不宜大于1.6 m/s,在保证供暖效果的前提下可适当减小空气流速。     

球状蓄热体蓄放热性能的数值分析与实验

采用二维导热微分方程描述球状蓄热体区域,根据数值计算理论及相变储能理论,对二维球状蓄热体的蓄放热过程进行了模拟计算和实验。采用分段线性拟合的方法模拟相变材料复杂的比热-温度关系,配合编程及求解方便的热容法求解相变导热问题,得到了二维球状蓄热体的蓄放热性能曲线。通过实验验证,数值计算结果和实验结果具有较好的一致性。     

基于圆柱形单元的储热装置放热实验研究

蓄热水箱作为太阳能供暖系统的重要核心设备,其性能直接影响着储能系统的整体运行效率。设计一种基于圆柱形相变单元的相变储热装置,并搭建相变蓄热水箱性能测试平台,通过单一控制变量法得到储热装置放热过程的温度变化曲线。研究表明：对于空间一定的储热装置,在等质量相变材料（PCM）时,相变单元的直径对装置放热速率的影响较大;相变单元之间的间距对装置放热速率的影响较小;当增大换热流体（HTF）的入口流量及降低HTF入口温度时,能大大减少储热装置的放热时间,提高储热装置的整体性能。     

管壳式换热器蓄热单元数值模拟与优化

相变材料导热系数低,导致相变蓄热装置无法快速地进行热量储存和释放,文中建立了翅片管和光管式相变蓄热单元的三维计算模型,采用数值模拟方法,从蓄热速率、蓄热量以及温度场等方面比较分析了翅片管和光管结构对储热性能的影响。结果表明:在光管外壁添加翅片可以缩短相变材料完全熔化以及整个蓄/放热过程所需时间;与采用光管结构相比,采用翅片换热管时,完全熔化时间缩短32%,完全放热时间缩短14.5%。可见,在一定条件下添加翅片有助于提高蓄热体的蓄放热性能,所得结论对实际工程中相变蓄热系统的设计和优化具有一定的参考价值。     

正交各向异性相变材料的无网格法传热模型及应用

利用无网格迦辽金(EFG)法建立正交各向异性相变材料的传热计算模型,基于该模型编程完成各向异性材料太阳能相变蓄热水箱和管壳式相变蓄热单元的相变传热分析,并探讨热导率因子和材料方向角对复合材料相变传热特性的影响.研究表明:在相同节点布置下EFG法的温度场和相界面计算精度均高于有限元法,EFG法在动态相界面追踪方面具有明显...     

A new type of phase change heat storage tank in solar energy combination system

介绍了一种新型笼屉式相变蓄热水箱,通过实验测试对比分析相变蓄热水箱与普通蓄热水箱对太阳能组合系统的太阳能保证率及系统能效比的影响。实验表明：同等水箱容积,使用相变蓄热水箱时太阳能集热系统的小时集热量为普通蓄热水箱的3.7倍,相变蓄热水箱有利于提高太阳能保证率及系统能效比。在太阳能辐照强度相似的情况下,相变蓄热水箱会使太阳能保证率平均提高72%,使系统能效比平均提高26%。同时相变蓄热水箱可减少夜间水箱上部的热损失,使水箱上部水温降减少50%。     

Experimental investigation on a combined sensible and latent heat storage system integrated with constant/varying (solar) heat sources

The objective of the present work is to investigate experimentally the thermal behavior of a packed bed of combined sensible and latent heat thermal energy storage (TES) unit. A TES unit is designed, constructed and integrated with constant temperature bath/solar collector to study the performance of the storage unit. The TES unit contains paraffin as phase change material (PCM) filled in spherical capsules, which are packed in an insulated cylindrical storage tank. The water used as heat transfer fluid (HTF) to transfer heat from the constant temperature bath/solar collector to the TES tank also acts as sensible heat storage (SHS) material. Charging experiments are carried out at constant and varying (solar energy) inlet fluid temperatures to examine the effects of inlet fluid temperature and flow rate of HTF on the performance of the storage unit. Discharging experiments are carried out by both continuous and batchwise processes to recover the stored heat. The significance of time wise variation of HTF and PCM temperatures during charging and discharging processes is discussed in detail and the performance parameters such as instantaneous heat stored and cumulative heat stored are also studied. The performance of the present system is compared with that of the conventional SHS system. It is found from the discharging experiments that the combined storage system employing batchwise discharging of hot water from the TES tank is best suited for applications where the requirement is intermittent.     

Solar water heaters with phase change material thermal energy storage medium: A review

Latent heat thermal energy storage is one of the most efficient ways to store thermal energy for heating water by energy received from sun. This paper summarizes the investigation and analysis of thermal energy storage incorporating with and without PCM for use in solar water heaters. The relative studies are classified on the basis of type of collector and the type of storage used i.e. sensible or latent. A thorough literature investigation into the use of phase change material (PCM) in solar water heating has been considered. It has been demonstrated that for a better thermal performance of solar water heater a phase change material with high latent heat and with large surface area for heat transfer is required.     

太阳能相变蓄热应用于吸收式制冷的分析

介绍了一种将太阳能相变蓄热技术应用于两级吸收式制冷的新型空调系统,简要分析了该系统的装置结构、工作原理和使用优点。对相变蓄热装置放热过程中放热盘管出水温度随放热时间的变化关系进行了实验测量,并对两级吸收式制冷系统效率进行了分析。通过研究可知,该太阳能空调系统有效解决了以往系统不稳定性和间断性问题;太阳能相变蓄热装置具有体积小、蓄热量大、放热速率大、连续放热温度均匀、便于控制热源加热温度等特点,适合储存太阳能并为吸收式制冷系统提供加热热源。综合考虑系统设备简单,加工要求低的制造特点,所以吸收式制冷以太阳能等低品位热源驱动有着良好的发展前景。     

Preparation and application of composite EG/Ba(OH)2·8H2O form‐stable phase change material for solar thermal storage

Composite expended graphite (EG)/Ba(OH)₂·8H₂O form‐stable phase change material (PCM) is prepared with porous adsorption method in this study to solve the problem of the leakage risk in the application process based on barium hydroxide octahydrate. In addition, the thermal properties and stability have been measured and verified. Thermal conductivity of each group composite material was enhanced by about two to four times, while the addition has little negative effect on the other properties. With microscopic features being characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), the experimental result demonstrates that the composite material with 7 wt% of EG is optimal to be a saturated state between two phases. After the thermal cyclings of 100, 300, and 500 times, thermal properties did not change dramatically, which can be used as an ideal material for solar thermal storage system within finite thermal cyclings. In order to simulate the operating condition of solar energy or waste heat storage, the composite material was encapsulated in the heat storage unit with pipe bundle, and heat storage/release experiences were performed to test the performance of the material and hot water supply. The results indicate that the composite material is qualified to storage and release sufficient heat. The experimental data can provide necessary technical reference for engineering design and effect prediction in practical application.     

Exergetic optimization of solar collector and thermal energy storage system

This paper deals with the exergetic optimization of a solar thermal energy system. This consists of a solar collector (SC) and a rectangular water storage tank (ST) that contains a phase change material (PCM) distributed in an assembly of slabs. The study takes into account both conduction and convection heat transfer mode for water in the SC, and also the phase change process for the PCM in the ST. An analytical solution for the melting process in the PCM is also presented. The results of the study are compared with previous experimental data, confirming the accuracy of the model. Results of a numerical case study are presented and discussed.     

基于分层蓄热水箱的相变球释热实验研究

相变蓄热水箱可有效调节集热器和负载端之间供求不匹配的矛盾,设计了环形布水器进水结构和蓄热水箱,并搭建相变蓄热水箱性能测试平台,对比直进型蓄热水箱和环形布水器蓄热水箱的温度分层,探究孔隙率、进水流速和变温进水等变量下相变蓄热水箱的热分层和相变球的释热性能。实验研究表明：环形布水器能有效抑制进水水流对温度场的扰动,保持良好的温度分层,使相变球逐层放热,增大相变球与传热流体（HTF）的温差,提高释热效率,保证高温水能够源源不断地提供给用户端;孔隙率越小分层效果越好;流速越大分层效果越差,但是释热效率有所提高;变温进水比恒温进水,释热时间延长约40%。     

Experimental Analysis of a Solar Energy Storage Heat Pump System

This paper introduces a novel solar-assisted heat pump system with phase change energy storage and describes the methodology used to analyze the performance of the proposed system. A mathematical model was established for the key parts of the system including solar evaporator, condenser, phase change energy storage tank, and compressor. In parallel to the modelling work, an experimental set-up of the proposed solar energy storage heat pump system was developed. The experimental data showed that the designed system is capable of meeting cold day heating demands in rural areas of Yanbian city located in Jilin province of China. In day-time operation, the solar heat pump system stores excess energy in the energy storage tank for heating purposes. A desired indoor temperature was achieved; the average coefficient of performance of solar heat pump was identified as 4.5, and the system showed a stable performance throughout the day. In night-time operation, the energy stored in the storage tank was released through a liquid-solid change of phase in the employed phase-change material. In this way, the provision of continuous heat for ten hours was ensured within the building, and the desired indoor air conditions were achieved.