电极板辅助点焊钢/铝异质接头的组织与性能

采用电极板辅助点焊进行了H220YD高强钢与6008-T66铝合金异种金属的连接,研究了接头的微观组织和力学性能.结果表明,焊接接头是通过液态铝合金在钢/铝界面处对高强钢的润湿铺展而形成的,本质上属于熔-钎焊接头.钢/铝界面上生成了由Fe2Al5和FeAl3组成的金属间化合物层.接头中铝合金熔核直径在焊接电流为14kA、焊接时间为300 ms时达最大值为9.5 mm.接头拉剪力随焊接电流的增加先迅速增大后趋于稳定,当焊接电流为12 kA、焊接时间为300 ms时达4.3 kN,比不加电极板时提高约30%.在接头拉剪过程中裂纹的扩展路径不仅沿着金属间化合物,还部分经过铝合金熔核内部.     

A6061铝合金与Q235钢电阻点焊接头组织与性能

采用热补偿电阻点焊方法对A6061铝合金与Q235低碳钢进行焊接,探讨了焊接电流、电极压力对接头熔核尺寸和抗剪力的影响,观察分析了熔核界面区反应物形貌及分布等微观组织结构特征。试验结果表明,A6061铝合金与Q235低碳钢采用热补偿电阻点焊方法能在较低的焊接电流条件下获得具有较大熔核与较高抗剪力的点焊接头;接头熔核直径及抗剪力随焊接电流、电极压力的增大而增大;无飞溅条件下接头最大抗剪力为4.25 kN,对应的焊接电流为17.5 kA;接头界面处生成了主要由Fe2Al5和FeAl3构成的金属间化合物层。     

Ti/Al异种金属微电阻点焊接头的特征及性能

对0.2 mm厚的1060纯铝和TC4钛合金薄片进行了微电阻点焊实验。研究了焊接电流I、焊接时间T和电极压力F对接头力学性能的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对点焊接头的连接特征及断裂行为进行了深入研究,采用微区X射线衍射仪(micro-XRD)测定了焊点的物相组成。结果表明:在焊接电流为0.3~0.7 k A范围内,焊点的拉剪力随着焊接电流的增加先增加后趋于平稳;在焊接时间2~6 cyc范围内,焊接时间对焊点的拉剪力无显著影响;在电极压力为40~280 N范围内,随着电极压力增加,焊点拉剪力先增加后降低;当I=0.7 k A、T=3 cyc、F=160 N时点焊接头的拉剪力最高,为91 N,断裂发生在热影响区;1060/TC4异种金属微电阻点焊形成了共同的熔核,熔核与TC4之间界面较为平整,但是与1060的结合面呈凹凸不平,在熔核内部生成了AlTi_3、Al_2Ti和Al_3Ti金属间化合物,焊核与铝侧界面处生成了针状化合物Al_3Ti,对焊点的强度起到重要作用。     

Al-Fe金属间化合物对复合板界面结合的影响(英文)

对固态铝和固态铁界面金属间化合物的生长及金属间化合物对界面结合的影响进行了研究。结果表明,固态铝和固态铁热处理后的界面主要包括Fe2Al5和FeAl3化合物层,金属间化合物恶化了界面结合强度。在拉剪测试中,断裂主要发生在Fe2Al5或FeAl3化合物层,断裂的位置主要取决于化合物层内部的缺陷,包括微裂纹和空洞。热膨胀系数不匹配产生的应力导致内部微裂纹产生,内部孔洞产生的原因是Kirkendall效应。该研究对铝和铁的焊接与连接,尤其是对铝钢复合板的制备,奠定了一定的基础。     

铝/钢异种金属电阻点焊接头微观组织与力学性能研究

采用电阻点焊实现对6061铝合金和H220YD高强镀锌钢的焊接,通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、显微硬度计和万能试验机等测试方法研究了铝/钢点焊接头的组织和性能。结果表明,铝/钢点焊接头从铝侧向钢侧依次为铝合金熔核、铝/钢界面、高强钢热影响区。铝/钢点焊接头界面靠近钢侧金属间化合物层显微硬度最高,靠近铝合金侧金属间化合物硬度次之,铝合金显微硬度最低。随着焊接电流的增加,铝/钢点焊接头拉剪力先增加后减小,焊接电流9 k A、焊接时间300 ms、焊接压力2 k N时,接头拉剪力达到最大值3.4 k N。     

CMT焊接电流对铝/镀锌钢板接头组织和力学性能的影响

采用ER4043焊丝对5052铝合金/CR340LA镀锌钢进行CMT熔-钎焊,研究焊接电流对接头金属间化合物及润湿性的影响。结果表明,在其他参数不变的情况下,焊接电流为68 A和95 A时,铝在钢表面的润湿角小,润湿长度大,达到了较好的润湿性。同时,铝在钢表面的润湿性是电流和镀锌层共同作用的结果。随着电流的增大,钎焊区界面层金属间化合物的厚度也随之增大,并且产生了FeAl_3、Fe_2Al_5和FeAl等多种金属间化合物,这些金属间化合物会随着电流的增大向熔焊区垂直生长。焊接电流68 A时,平均拉剪载荷为2.45 kN。三种电流下的焊接接头均断裂在熔焊热影响区,断口处出现颈缩。     

Ti/Al异种金属微电阻点焊接头特征及性能研究

对0.2 mm厚的1060纯铝和TC4钛合金薄板进行了微电阻点焊试验,研究了焊接电流I、焊接时间T和电极压力F对接头力学性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对点焊接头的连接特征及断裂行为进行了深入研究,采用微区射线衍射仪(micro-XRD)测定了焊点的物相组成。结果表明：在焊接电流为0.3 ~ 0.7 kA范围内,焊点的拉剪力随着焊接电流的增加先增加后趋于平稳,在焊接时间2~6 cyc范围内,焊接时间对焊点的拉剪力无显著影响,在电极压力为40~280 N范围内,随着电极压力增加焊点拉剪力先增加后降低;当I=0.7 kA、T=3 cyc、F=160 N时点焊接头的拉剪力最高为91 N,断裂发生在热影响区;1060/TC4异种金属微电阻点焊形成了共同的熔核,熔核与TC4之间界面较为平整,但是与1060的结合面呈凹凸不平,在熔核内部生成了AlTi₃、Al₂Ti和Al₃Ti金属间化合物,焊核与铝侧界面处生成了针状化合物Al₃Ti,对焊点的强度起到重要作用。     

焊接电流对铝/钢点焊接头组织与性能的影响

研究了焊接电流对6008-T66铝合金/H220YD钢焊接接头组织和力学性能的影响,探讨了影响异种金属焊接接头断裂行为的作用机理。结果表明,随着焊接电流从18 k A增加至22 k A,熔核直径和压痕率都呈现快速增加的趋势,而当焊接电流超过22 k A后,熔核直径基本不变或略有增加,而压痕率不断增大;铝/钢焊接接头中心界面金属间化合物层厚度随着焊接电流的增加而逐渐增大,在焊接电流为25 k A时厚度达到7.1μm;随着焊接电流的增加,铝合金/钢焊接接头的拉剪力呈现先增加而后降低的趋势,在焊接电流为22 k A时取得最大值;焊接电流为22 k A时拉剪试样以钮扣断裂方式在熔核处断裂,而焊接电流过高或者过低,拉剪试样都断裂在结合面处。     

铝合金/不锈钢异质金属激光焊接头组织及性能研究

采用316L不锈钢薄板与6063铝合金板作为焊接材料进行纳秒脉冲激光搭接焊接试验,分析了激光扫描路径和激光参数对铝/钢纳秒脉冲激光焊接头界面形貌特征及金属间化合物相组成的影响,并对接头力学性能进行试验.试验结果表明,在靠近钢侧焊缝产生了 Fe3Al及FeAl化合物,靠近铝侧为FeAl3,Fe2Al5,FeAl2化合物....     

5A02/0Cr18Ni9异种金属电子束焊接接头组织与性能

对5A02防锈铝与不锈钢0Cr18Ni9进行了电子束焊接,分析了接头成形、显微组织、力学性能与断口特征.结果表明,铝、钢的对中焊接头中生成了大量的脆性Fe-Al金属间化合物,未能实现有效连接.偏束焊接头成形总体较好,两母材实质为熔—钎连接,铝—钢界面上生成了一层厚度为1.5μm的化合物层,X射线衍射分析结果显示化合物层由FeAl,FeAl3与FeAl6等相混合组成.熔—钎焊接头最高抗拉强度达136MPa,为铝母材强度的62.7%,断口呈现出脆性断裂与韧性断裂的混合特征,接头的断裂发生在化合物层及其附近的铝焊缝区域.     

Ni在钢/铝电阻点焊中的作用

以DC01钢板与5082铝合金板为基材,在电极压力3 kN、焊接时间300 ms、保持时间100 ms条件下,研究了电阻点焊中焊接电流(9~12 kA)及Ni镀层对接头剪切力、正拉力、界面相组成的影响。结果表明,随焊接电流的提高,熔核尺寸增大,接头力学性能提高。剪切力比正拉力高一个数量级。在10 kA焊接电流下,镀Ni钢/铝接头的剪切力和正拉力均比钢/铝直接焊接时强度明显提高,这与钢/铝界面形成了Al 3Ni合金相,抑制了脆性Fe 2Al 5金属间化合物的生成有关。     

On the resistance spot welding of four-sheet stack of unequal sheet thickness

There is a lack of sufficient understanding regarding resistance spot welding behaviour of multi-layer structure. This paper investigates the weld nugget development and failure characteristics of four-sheet joint of dissimilar sheet thickness (0.7/1.2/1.2/0.9?mm) made on low carbon steel. The heat dissipation via water-cooled electrode hinders the weld nugget penetration into the thin/thick sheet interface. It was shown that increasing heat input led to bonding mechanism transition from solid-state welding to fusion welding at thin/thick sheet interface. Increasing welding current beyond a critical value changed the failure mode from interfacial to pullout leading to improvement of energy absorption of the joint. Fusion zone size along middle sheet/sheet interface proved to be the most important controlling factor for mechanical properties of four-sheet resistance spot welds.     

Interfacial characterization of resistance spot welded joint of steel and aluminum alloy

The dissimilar material resistance spot welding of galvanized high strength steel and aluminum alloy had been conducted. The welded joint exhibited a thin reaction layer composed of Fe2Al5 and Fe4Al13 phases at steel/aluminum interface. The welded joint presented a tensile shear load of 3.3 kN with an aluminum alloy nugget diameter of 5.7 ram. The interfucial failure mode was observed for the tensile shear specimen and fracture occurred at reaction layer and aluminum alloy fusion zone beside the interface. The reaction layer with compounds was the main reason for reduction of the welded joint mechanical property.     

Mechanisms of joining aluminium A6061-T6 and titanium Ti–6Al–4V alloys by cold metal transfer technology

Abstract

Cold metal transfer (CMT) welding–brazing joining of Ti6Al4V and Al A6061-T6 was carried out using AlSi₅ wire. The joining mechanisms and mechanical properties of the joints were identified and characterised by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy and tensile–shear tests. Desired CMT joints with satisfied weld appearances and mechanical properties were achieved by overlapping Ti on the top of Al. The joints had dual characteristics of a welding joint on the aluminium side and a brazing joint on the titanium side. Three brazing interfaces were formed for the joint, which increased the strength of the joint. An intermetallic compound layer was formed at the brazing interface, which included Ti₃Al, TiAl and TiAl₃. Two different fracture modes were also observed: one fractured at the welding/brazing interface and weld metal and the other at the Al heat affected zone (HAZ). Clearly, the joints fractured at the Al HAZ had higher tensile strength than those fractured at the welding/brazing interface and weld metal.     

Effect of weld nugget size on overload failure mode of resistance spot welds

Abstract

In the present paper, effects of welding current, welding time, electrode pressure and holding time on the weld nugget size were studied. A failure mechanism was proposed to describe both interfacial and pullout failure modes. This mechanism was confirmed by SEM investigations. In the light of this mechanism, the effect of welding parameters on static weld strength and failure mode was studied. Then, an analytical model was proposed to predict failure mode and to estimate minimum nugget diameter (critical diameter) to ensure pullout failure mode in shear tensile test. On the contrary to existing industrial standards, in this model, critical nugget diameter is attributed to metallurgical characterisation of material (weld nugget hardness to failure location hardness ratio), in addition to sheet thickness. For a given sheet thickness, decreasing H_WN/H_FL increases interfacial failure mode tendency. The results of this model were compared with experimental data and also with the literature.     

SUS321不锈钢和6061铝合金激光搭接焊接头的组织和力学性能

焊接参数对钢铝异种接头质量影响明显。主要研究不同的激光功率和焊接速度对SUS321不锈钢和6061铝合金焊缝成形的影响,分析异种接头的微观形貌特征及组成,并对接头的断口形貌和力学性能进行了试验研究。结果表明,不同焊接速度和激光功率对于焊缝成形有着重要影响:当激光功率为2 200~2 400 W,焊接速度为30~35 mm/s时可以获得质量较高的焊缝;在焊接过程中,接头界面形成了FeAl、Fe_2Al_3和Fe_3Al等金属间化合物,它们的存在影响了接头的力学性能;接头在拉伸试验中发生韧性断裂,且裂纹最先在金属间化合物中萌生,并沿着钢铝反应界面进行扩展,直至整个接头发生断裂。     

转速对6061铝合金/纯铜异种金属搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与性能的影响

采用搅拌摩擦焊技术对4 mm厚6061-T6铝合金和纯铜进行连接,研究转速对铝铜异种金属接头组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,当焊接速度为30 mm/min、搅拌头转速在1 200~1 800 r/min的范围内,可以获得表面成形良好、无缺陷的铝铜异种金属接头。大量破碎的铜被搅入焊核区,形成了组织结构复杂的区域。通过EDS和XRD分析,在焊核区内发现了Al_2Cu、Al_4Cu_9和Al Cu金属间化合物。在界面处,铝和铜发生相互扩散形成金属间化合物层,随着转速的提高,化合物层逐渐变厚。由于晶粒细化、固溶强化作用以及金属间化合物的生成,异种接头的焊核区平均显微硬度值高于铝铜两侧平均硬度,并且在焊核区出现硬度峰值点。随着转速的增加,接头抗拉强度呈现先增大后减小的趋势,所得最优接头抗拉强度为183 MPa,达到铜母材的71.8%,断裂位置位于铝侧热影响区,断裂方式为韧性断裂。     

纯铝中间层厚度对铝/钢点焊接头性能的影响

采用纯铝作为中间层对铝合金与低碳钢进行了电阻点焊,分析中间夹层厚度对界面反应层厚度和接头抗拉强度的影响。在钢/中间夹层界面观察到有界面反应层生成,其主要由靠近钢侧的Fe2Al5和靠近中间夹层铝侧的FeAl3两种金属间化合物组成。与不加中间夹层相比,利用纯铝作为中间夹层点焊的铝合金与低碳钢的接头具有较薄的界面反应层和较高的接合强度。随着中间夹层厚度的增加,界面反应层厚度逐渐减小,而接头抗拉强度则呈增大趋势。结果表明,采用纯铝作为中间夹层点焊铝合金与钢具有一定的有效性。     

Investigation of failure mechanism and mechanical properties of resistance spot welded magnesium alloy joints

Resistance spot welded magnesium alloy joints can fail in two markedly different failure modes(interfacial failure and button pullout failure)under tensile shear loading conditions.For button pullout failure,the crack first propagates along cellular dendritic structure of the nugget circumference,and then passes through heat-affected zone(HAZ)and base metal in sequence.The tensile shear load has smaller values under the interracial failure occurring in a small weld nugget as compared to the button pullout failure appearing in a large weld nugget.The tensile shear load increases with the increasing nugget diameter for expulsion free joints.However,for joints which experienced expulsion,the tensile shear load decreases in spite of nugget diameter increasing.Under the equivalent nugget diameter(5.8 mm),the tensile shear load of joints with 9 × 10-4 g KBF4 addition was increased by around 20% as compared to that of joints without KBF4 addition.     

复合渗铝钢管焊接HAZ渗铝层相组成特征

采用光镜，电镜，Ｘ射线衍射和电子衍射等测试技术对电感应料浆法（ＧＬ）渗铝钢管焊接接头区域的力学性能和热影响区（ＨＡＺ）渗铝层的相结构特征进行了研究。试验结果表明，ＧＬ渗铝钢管焊接ＨＡＺ渗铝层主要是由α－Ｆｅ（Ａｌ）固溶体，Ｆｅ３Ａｌ相和ＦｅＡｌ构成，渗铝层中不存在含铝较高的ＦｅＡｌ２，Ｆｅ２Ａｌ５和ＦｅＡｌ３等脆性相。显改善了渗铝钢管的承受形变能力和焊接性，使焊接接头区域的组织与性能容易得到保证。