自复位钢框架钢板剪力墙性能化设计方法

基于“自复位”理念,提出了一种采用钢板剪力墙耗能的自复位钢框架钢板剪力墙结构,对其进行了受力机理分析,并给出了自复位钢框架钢板剪力墙的复位条件。依据GB 50011—2010《建筑抗震设计规范》设定了自复位钢框架钢板剪力墙基于性能的设计目标,基于性能目标提出了自复位钢框架钢板剪力墙的设计流程,从构件的实际受力状态出发对该设计方法进行了研究,并推导出构件的设计公式。以某传统钢框架为例,对其进行了由钢板剪力墙耗能的自复位结构边缘构件设计,并采用有限元软件ABAQUS对其中单榀单跨进行了Pushover分析。结果表明：当层间位移角达到2%时,结构的残余变形量控制在0.2%以内,主体结构边缘构件仍处于弹性工作状态,推覆过程中钢板墙耗散了大量能量;推覆结束后,结构余留少量残余变形,这主要是由于梁柱节点绕梁上下翼缘转动时梁上下翼缘角部受到挤压引起,可通过适当设置翼缘加强板减少甚至消除残余变形。     

半刚接钢框架-十字加劲钢板剪力墙结构滞回性能研究

对一榀单跨两层半刚接框架-十字加劲钢板剪力墙结构进行水平反复荷载作用下的抗震试验研究,系统分析结构破坏模式和耗能机理,研究节点刚度与加劲墙体的相互影响效果,得到了承载力,延性,刚度和耗能能力等指标。试验结果表明:该种结构具有良好的延性和耗能性能,安全储备高;节点刚度退化小,内填钢板的设置缓解了节点区自身的延性要求,半钢框架和墙板协同工作良好;加劲肋的设置改善了钢板的实际受力,提高墙体的承载力及刚度,减轻了滞回曲线的捏缩现象,减小钢板噪音及震颤。结构破坏模式为加劲肋屈曲,内填钢板以小区格局部屈曲为主,伴随相关屈曲;框架柱脚及梁柱半刚性连接部位形成塑性铰;试件面内呈弯曲破坏模式,研究为该种结构体系的工程应用和理论分析提供依据。     

半刚性连接钢框架-钢板剪力墙结构抗震性能试验研究

通过对半刚性连接框架-钢板剪力墙结构在水平反复荷载作用下的试验研究,得到了结构的滞回曲线、延性指标、水平刚度、梁柱应变、转角及各关键部位的变形。从耗能能力、刚度退化、承载力、延性等方面分析该种结构的抗震性能和耗能机理;依据应力分布、梁柱转角研究半刚性节点与钢板剪力墙的相互影响效果;分析结构的内力转换和破坏模式。结果表明：该结构具有良好的延性和耗能性能;半刚性节点在反复荷载作用下没有明显变形,节点刚度退化小,框架和钢板剪力墙协同工作良好;梁柱半刚性连接弱化了结构的整体刚度,框架自身承担的水平荷载有限;破坏模式为内填钢板剪力墙局部撕裂,拉力带作用明显,钢框架柱脚及梁柱半刚性连接部位形成塑性铰,框架整体呈弯曲破坏模式。图12表4参10     

Optimal placement of steel plate shear walls for steel frames by bat algorithm

Layout optimization of steel frames with steel plate walls (SPWs) using a meta‐heuristic search algorithm is the main aim of the present study. SPWs are lateral load‐resisting systems, especially against earthquake excitation. These systems offer significant advantages in terms of cost, performance and ease of design compared with other systems. In this study, orthotropic membrane model is used to model the behaviour of steel plate shear walls. The newly developed bat algorithm, which is based on the echolocation behaviour of bats, is employed as the present study optimizer. Design variables of the optimization problem consist of the cross sections of beams and columns of the frame, the web plate thicknesses of SPWs and the placement of SPW in the frame. The bat algorithm performs suitable selection of sections from the AISC wide‐flange (W) shapes list. Strength constraints of the American Institute of Steel Construction Load and Resistance Factor Design and displacement constraints are checked during the optimization process. The results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed method for optimization of steel frames with SPWs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

任意厚度非加劲钢板剪力墙与防屈曲钢板剪力墙的通用拉杆模型

钢板剪力墙在墙板屈曲后仍具有一定的抗压能力,板厚越大,抗压能力越强,对结构整体性能的影响也越大,现有的简化模型尚不能很好地考虑该效应.为此,首先分析了计入压应力的钢板墙的受力状态,进而推导了考虑墙板抗压能力的钢板剪力墙的刚度、承载力和屈服位移的计算式,并据此提出了一种通用拉杆模型.该模型仅通过调整经典多拉杆模型中拉杆的...     

A statistical and experimental investigation into the accuracy of capacity reduction factor for cold-formed steel shear walls with steel sheathing

Buildings constructed of cold-formed steel members are increasingly used in many countries. In recent years, cold-formed steel shear walls with steel sheathing were introduced as lateral force resisting systems. Design provisions of these structures require that the shear strength of shear walls with a height to width aspect ratio (h/w) greater than 2:1 be reduced by the factor 2w/h for satisfying allowable story drift limit. In this research, the accuracy of the factor is investigated using the results of previous tests and the tests performed by the researcher. Results show that the reduction factor (2w/h) is conservative. Thus, a relation is proposed for the reduction factor.     

两边连接薄钢板剪力墙加固损伤RC框架结构抗震性能

为了提高损伤RC框架的抗震性能,采用两边连接薄钢板剪力墙对其进行加固.通过2个1/3缩尺比单跨2层两边连接薄钢板加固损伤RC框架的低周往复加载试验,对其抗震性能进行了研究,并与未损伤RC框架试验结果进行对比分析.结果 表明:设置两边连接钢板剪力墙,可显著提高损伤RC框架的承载力、抗侧刚度和延性;加固后的结构钢板剪力墙屈...     

Natural periods of steel plate shear wall systems

In most seismic building codes, the design base acceleration is computed using the natural period of vibration of the structure. Design specifications provide empirical formula to estimate the fundamental natural period of a system. In this study a class of steel plate shear walls, that have uniform properties through their height, was considered. The fundamental natural periods of this class of structures were determined using three dimensional geometrically linear finite element analyses and were compared against the estimates provided by seismic design specifications. Comparisons reveal that estimations using approximate formula can lead to unsatisfactory results. Based on this observation a simple hand method has been developed to predict the fundamental period of a steel plate shear wall. In the development of the hand method the steel plate shear wall has been recognized as a vertical cantilever for which simplified analytical solutions exist. Contributions of shear and bending stiffness of the wall have been explicitly taken into account. Furthermore, this simple method has been extended to dual systems having plate walls and special moment frames in the context of theories on wall-frame structures. Natural period estimations using the method that was developed in this study are compared with the finite element solutions and a good agreement is demonstrated. In addition, the effects of geometrical and material nonlinearities on the fundamental period were explored. The fundamental periods of steel plate walls were investigated at various drift levels. Based on the numerical analysis, elongation of the periods due to buckling and yielding of infill plates were quantified and are presented herein.     

钢板剪力墙低周反复荷载试验研究

本文进行了6个13比例钢板剪力墙的低周反复荷载试验,重点研究了钢板墙极限承载力和滞回性能,为钢板墙结构利用屈曲后强度及抗震设计提供试验依据;本试验揭示了边柱局部屈曲、加劲肋布置形式、加劲板刚度和板高厚比对钢板墙滞回性能的影响。试验结果表明,边柱不出现局部屈曲是钢板墙发挥极限承载力的重要保证;厚板和较强的加劲肋对提高钢板墙滞回曲线的饱满度和滞回环面积是有利的;三种钢板墙以交叉加劲板的承载力和滞回性能最佳,十字加劲板次之,钢板墙结构耗能能力依赖于钢板与边柱的弹塑性变形和钢板面外鼓曲变形。试验曲线与应用弹塑性大挠度有限元法计算的滞回曲线吻合良好;利用屈曲后强度的钢板墙受剪承载力,其试验值与本课题建议公式及有限元值计算结果基本一致。     

四角钢连接钢框架-钢板剪力墙结构抗震性能研究

基于半刚接框架-钢板剪力墙试件的低周反复加载试验,采用ANSYS有限元软件对其滞回性能进行了数值模拟。分析循环荷载作用下试件的滞回性能及承载能力,考察其应力、变形发展历程、耗能机理和破坏模式。试验和有限元分析结果均表明：内填板的设置缓解了节点区自身的延性要求,框架和钢板墙协同工作良好,结构体系耗能优异,安全储备高,是一种理想的抗侧力结构体系。有限元模拟结构应力和变形发展历程与试验结果基本吻合。由于初始偏心、焊接残余应力等原因,弹性工作阶段,有限元分析的峰值荷载与试验值比较接近;进入塑性阶段,有限元分析的峰值荷载比试验值大,滞回环更饱满。     

Shear capacity prediction of steel plate shear walls with precompression from columns

This paper investigates the shear capacity of the unstiffened steel plate shear walls with gravity loads from the adjacent boundary columns that is produced during the construction process. The distribution and transferring of gravity loads between boundary columns and the infill steel plate are proposed. Then, the infill steel plate is partitioned into 3 zones bounded on the effective length, the inclination angle, and shear capacity of each zone that is proposed and discussed, and the shear capacity of the infill steel plate is summed over the 3 zones. Finally, based on the three specimens tested by Park et al. (2007), shear capacity prediction of 18 more numerical steel plate shear wall specimens with the axial stresses of the boundary columns equal to 50 MPa, 100 MPa, 150 MPa, 200 MPa, 250 MPa, and 300 MPa are analyzed.     

Seismic behavior of steel plate shear walls with centrally placed circular perforations

The behavior of unstiffened thin steel plate shear walls with circular perforations placed at the center of the infill plates is examined. A shear strength equation is developed for perforated steel plate shear wall with circular perforation at the center. A series of single storey perforated steel plate shear walls with different aspect ratios and different perforation diameters were analyzed to assess the proposed shear strength equation. A comparison between the nonlinear pushover analysis and the proposed equation shows excellent agreement. The proposed shear strength equation is applied for design of boundary columns of one 4-storey and one 6-storey perforated steel plate shear walls. The predicted design forces in the boundary columns for the selected perforated shear walls are compared to the forces obtained from nonlinear seismic analysis. The proposed equation gives very good predictions for the design forces in the boundary columns.     

半刚性框架-屈曲约束钢板剪力墙结构振动台试验研究

为研究半刚性框架-钢板剪力墙结构的抗震性能,进行了1个缩尺比为1/3的单跨4层钢框架-屈曲约束钢板剪力墙的振动台试验。试验采用模拟地震动的方法,选取El Centro波、Taft波和一条人工合成波,分析在7度多遇至9度罕遇共计8个水平地震作用工况下结构的动力特性和动力响应。研究结果表明：在多遇地震作用下,结构无明显塑性变形;罕遇地震作用时,1、3层墙板大部分区格形成拉力带。随着地震激励的增大,结构刚度逐渐退化,9度罕遇地震输入后结构抗侧刚度最大降幅仅为12%;屈曲约束钢板墙作为第一道抗震设防防线,率先进入弹塑性工作阶段,吸收耗散地震能量,避免框架发生破坏;在多遇及罕遇地震作用下结构的层间位移角分别为1/476和1/68,均满足我国现行抗震规范对层间位移角限值的规定。结构整体表现出优异的抗震性能,满足我国“两阶段,三水准”抗震设防要求。     

Behavior of steel plate shear walls with pre-compression from adjacent frame columns

This paper investigates the behavior of steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) with pre-compression from adjacent frame columns which is produced in the construction process. Firstly, some parameters used in analytical finite element models, such as the stiffness of frame beams and columns and the magnitude of the loads are discussed. Then, numbers of numerical examples are analyzed and show that the influence of pre-compression varies with the dimension of SPSWs. Also, the distribution and transferring of axial forces between frame columns and SPSWs during loading are discussed. Finally, a reduction coefficient of shear-carrying capacity of SPSW due to pre-compression is proposed.     

Implementation of M-PFI method in design of steel plate walls

To demonstrate implementation of the modified-plate frame interaction (M-PFI) method in the design of a steel plate wall (SPW) system, three SPWs of different heights were designed for this paper using the M-PFI method. Evaluation of the M-PFI design methodology was performed using the finite element (FE) method to analyze each of the three SPWs under a pushover load to determine its load displacement diagram. FE results were then compared with M-PFI model results. Good agreement was observed for stiffness and strength of the SPW models obtained from both the M-PFI and FE methods. The FE method was used not only to evaluate the three SPW designs, but also to investigate the effects of beam size and material hardening on SPW design. This paper also presents a step-by-step M-PFI design procedure and a simplified flow chart to better illustrate the design process.     

屈曲约束钢板剪力墙受力性能分析及盖板简化计算方法

内嵌钢板与混凝土盖板之间相互作用机理较为复杂,难以通过简单方法确定屈曲约束钢板墙连接螺栓拉力与混凝土盖板弯矩.为此,采用有限元软件ABAQUS建立屈曲约束钢板剪力墙计算模型,并通过与模型试验对比验证其可靠性.通过非线性有限元数值模拟,分析钢板高厚比、盖板与钢板厚度比以及盖板与钢板间隙等参数对应力分布、屈曲变形和滞回性能...     

半刚性连接钢框架-非加劲钢板剪力墙结构性能研究

半刚性连接钢框架-非加劲钢板剪力墙结构弥补了传统抗弯钢框架侧向刚度不足的缺点,为采用更加经济的半刚性节点提供了可能。为研究不同梁柱连接刚度对双体系结构抗震性能的影响,完成了3个单跨两层不同梁柱连接刚度试件的水平低周往复加载试验研究,系统分析了三者的整体性能和破坏模态,拟从承载力、刚度、延性、耗能、整体性能和节点性能六个方面对双体系的节点刚度与墙体的匹配效果进行评价。结果表明:在半刚性框架内设置钢板墙能较大程度提高结构的极限承载力与侧向刚度;结构具有理想的屈服顺序,内填板在加载初期非常有效。屈服区域延伸至整个墙体时,附加荷载将基本上由边缘构件承担,试件破坏主要由内填板的屈服和框架柱的弯扭失稳控制;节点刚度退化小,且内填板的设置缓解了节点区自身的延性要求,梁柱连接形式对试件的抗侧刚度和整体强度的影响不大,降低连接刚度有利于提高试件延性和耗能能力。     

Sub-structural pseudo-dynamic performance of two full-scale two-story steel plate shear walls

This paper describes two eight-meter tall and four-meter wide, two-story steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) that were fabricated and tested using sub-structural pseudo-dynamic testing procedures in the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE). In the Phase I tests, all wall panels were restrained using horizontal tube restrainers on both sides in order to minimize both the out-of-plane displacement and the buckling sound. In the Phase II tests, damaged steel plates were removed and replaced with new plates without restrainers. Both specimens were tested under pseudo-dynamic loads using several scaled ground accelerations. This paper presents primarily the design of the specimen, experimental results, and simplified analytical modeling techniques for Phase I specimen. Results of the Phase I tests show that (1) the SPSW specimen sustained three earthquakes without significant wall fracture or overall strength degradation, (2) the horizontal restrainers were effective in improving the serviceability of the SPSW, (3) the responses of the SPSW can be satisfactorily predicted using the strip model and the tension-only material property implemented in the PISA3D computer program, (4) the energy-dissipating capacity of the SPSW specimen was found to be substantially reduced when it was subjected to the same ground motions again, and (5) if the boundary elements are properly proportioned using the capacity design principle, the equivalent brace model is effective for the response analysis of SPSW buildings subjected to strong ground motions.     

竖波钢板组合剪力墙等效塑性铰长度研究

竖波钢板组合剪力墙因内嵌波形钢板的几何形状优势,表现出良好的抗震性能。在基于性能的抗震设计要求下,竖波钢板组合剪力墙等效塑性铰长度的确定对合理评估其塑性变形能力至关重要,但国内外已有公式均难以体现其复杂的组合作用,有待提出针对性的简化计算式。基于课题组前期试验成果,通过对竖波钢板组合剪力墙试验破坏现象和受力机理的分析,采用OpenSEES软件,建立有限元模型。扩展研究波形钢板几何参数、约束边缘H型钢柱、分布钢筋配置、混凝土强度、设计轴压比以及剪力墙高宽比等参数对等效塑性铰长度的影响规律,发现使用波形钢板含钢率可以更有效地反映波形钢板几何参数对等效塑性铰长度的影响,而混凝土强度和分布钢筋配箍率与等效塑性铰长度呈负相关。通过理论分析和推导提出多参数控制的竖波钢板组合剪力墙等效塑性铰长度简化计算式,该式适合于估算竖波钢板组合剪力墙的塑性变形能力,可以用于该类剪力墙的弹塑性分析。     

Thin steel plate shear walls behavior and analysis

Steel plate shear walls have been used in buildings in North America and Japan. Until recently, the design practice has been to limit the strength of the wall to the buckling strength of the plate. The post-buckling strength of thin plates subjected to shear has been recognized for more than 60 years, since it was outlined by Wagner in the early 1930s. Tests of a quarter and one third scale specimens of thin steel plate shear walls under cyclic loading were performed; the tests are described and the results are summarized. An analytical model to determine the behavior of thin steel plate shear walls was developed and is given. The model is capable of depicting the behavior of walls with plates welded or bolted to the surrounding beams and columns of the building frame. Comparisons between the analytical and experimental results are made.