人体组织液的微创透皮抽取技术

对人体组织液的微创透皮抽取技术进行了研究.首先对皮肤进行低频超声预处理,提高皮肤表层对组织液的通透性,然后利用文氏管真空负压实现组织液的抽取、收集和输运.搭建了低频超声皮肤预处理系统,设计了基于文氏管的真空负压一体化装置,研究了组织液透皮抽取效果的评价方法.通过实验验证了组织液的抽取效果,研究了抽取时机、抽取频率对组织液渗透速率的影响,验证了文氏管真空负压作为组织液抽取、收集和输运驱动力的作用效果,研究了利用真空负压控制液体输运速度的方法.研究成果在微创血糖监测技术中具有重要的应用价值.     

Advances in Antimicrobial Microneedle Patches for Combating Infections

Skin infections caused by bacteria, viruses and fungi are difficult to treat by conventional topical administration because of poor drug penetration across the stratum corneum. This results in low bioavailability of drugs to the infection site, as well as the lack of prolonged release. Emerging antimicrobial transdermal and ocular microneedle patches have become promising medical devices for the delivery of various antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral therapeutics. In the present review, skin anatomy and its barriers along with skin infection are discussed. Potential strategies for designing antimicrobial microneedles and their targeted therapy are outlined. Finally, biosensing microneedle patches associated with personalized drug therapy and selective toxicity toward specific microbial species are discussed.     

Encoded Microneedle Arrays for Detection of Skin Interstitial Fluid Biomarkers

Skin interstitial fluid (ISF) is considered as an emerging source of biomarkers with physiological and medical significance. Microneedle arrays (MNs) provide a promising means for painless, noninvasive detection of these biomarkers. Here, novel MNs integrated with photonic crystal (PhC) barcodes are presented, and multiplex specific detection of ISF biomarkers is realized for the first time. The PhC barcodes‐loaded flexible MNs are simply fabricated by replicating dynamic ferrofluid‐cast micromoldings. When the prepared MNs are inserted into skin, they can enrich specific biomarkers to their probes‐decorated PhC barcodes. Thus, by adding corresponding fluorescent probes to form sandwich immunocomplexes, the relative content of the biomarkers can be read out through the fluorescence intensity of the barcodes; meanwhile, the species of these biomarkers can be clearly distinguished by the reflection peaks of the PhC barcodes. Based on the encoded MNs, their sensitivity, flexibility, and versatility of capturing and detecting three inflammatory cytokines are demonstrated in a sepsis mice model. Compared with existing MNs for ISF detection, the encoded MNs not only possess equivalent detection effects with less post‐processing and simplified procedures, but can also detect multiple biomarkers simultaneously, which makes them ideal in many clinical and biomedical detection areas.     

A Swellable Microneedle Patch to Rapidly Extract Skin Interstitial Fluid for Timely Metabolic Analysis

Skin interstitial fluid (ISF) is an emerging source of biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Microneedle (MN) patch has been identified as an ideal platform to extract ISF from the skin due to its pain‐free and easy‐to‐administrated properties. However, long sampling time is still a serious problem which impedes timely metabolic analysis. In this study, a swellable MN patch that can rapidly extract ISF is developed. The MN patch is made of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA) and further crosslinked through UV irradiation. Owing to the supreme water affinity of MeHA, this MN patch can extract sufficient ISF in a short time without the assistance of extra devices, which remarkably facilitates timely metabolic analysis. Due to covalent crosslinked network, the MN patch maintains the structure integrity in the swelling hydrated state without leaving residues in skin after usage. More importantly, the extracted ISF metabolites can be efficiently recovered from MN patch by centrifugation for the subsequent offline analysis of metabolites such as glucose and cholesterol. Given the recent trend of easy‐to‐use point‐of‐care devices for personal healthcare monitoring, this study opens a new avenue for the development of MN‐based microdevices for sampling ISF and minimally invasive metabolic detection.     

用于微流体驱动用的微型文氏管的结构优化

为了给组织液的透皮抽取提供负压值,本文研究了结构简单、加工方便的PDMS微型文氏管的优化设计．首先理论推导了文氏管的结构参数对输出负压的影响规律,然后采用Fluent进行模拟计算,接着用模塑法设计加工了PDMS文氏管,并搭建了文氏管输出负压的检测系统,最后对实验结果进行分析讨论．通过对比测量,给出了适用于本文的微型化文氏管结构,即喉管长×宽×高为6mm×0．25mm×0．25mm、收缩角30°、扩散角30°．本文设计加工的文氏管在220kPa的正压下可输出87kPa的负压,提高了组织液透皮抽取的效率．该微型文氏管同以往的真空发生装置相比既能满足系统小型化和集成化要求,又能在相对较小的输入压强下,为组织液透皮抽取提供足够高的真空负压输出,为驱动微管路内流体输运提供足够大的抽取速率．