Aggregates-based fluorescence sensing technology for food hazard detection: Principles,improvement strategies,and applications

Aggregates often exhibit modified or completely new properties compared with their molecular elements, making them an extraordinarily advantageous form of materials. The fluorescence signal change characteristics resulting from molecular aggregation endow aggregates with high sensitivity and broad applicability. In molecular aggregates, the photoluminescence properties at the molecular level can be annihilated or elevated, leading to aggregation-causing quenching (ACQ) or aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effects. This change in photoluminescence properties can be intelligently introduced in food hazard detection. Recognition units can combine with the aggregate-based sensor by joining the aggregation process, endowing the sensor with the high specificity of analytes (such as mycotoxins, pathogens, and complex organic molecules). In this review, aggregation mechanisms, structural characteristics of fluorescent materials (including ACQ/AIE-activated), and their applications in food hazard detection (with/without recognition units) are summarized. Because the design of aggregate-based sensors may be influenced by the properties of their components, the sensing mechanisms of different fluorescent materials were described separately. Details of fluorescent materials, including conventional organic dyes, carbon nanomaterials, quantum dots, polymers and polymer-based nanostructures and metal nanoclusters, and recognition units, such as aptamer, antibody, molecular imprinting, and host–guest recognition, are discussed. In addition, future trends of developing aggregate-based fluorescence sensing technology in monitoring food hazards are also proposed.     

Rational Design of Amyloid‐Like Fibrillary Structures for Tailoring Food Protein Techno‐Functionality and Their Potential Health Implications

To control and enhance protein functionality is a major challenge for food scientists. In this context, research on food protein fibril formation, especially amyloid fibril formation, holds much promise. We here first provide a concise overview of conditions, which affect amyloid formation in food proteins. Particular attention is directed towards amyloid core regions because these sequences promote ordered aggregation. Better understanding of this process will be key to tailor the fibril formation process. Especially seeding, that is, adding preformed protein fibrils to protein solutions to accelerate fibril formation holds promise to tailor aggregation and fibril techno‐functionality. Some studies have already indicated that food protein fibrillation indeed improves their techno‐functionality. However, much more research is necessary to establish whether protein fibrils are useful in complex food systems and whether and to what extent they resist food processing unit operations. In this review the effect of amyloid formation on gelation, interfacial properties, foaming, and emulsification is discussed. Despite their prevalent role as functional structures, amyloids also receive a lot of attention due to their association with protein deposition diseases, prompting us to thoroughly investigate the potential health impact of amyloid‐like aggregates in food. A literature review on the effect of the different stages of the human digestive process on amyloid toxicity leads us to conclude that food‐derived amyloid fibrils (even those with potential pathogenic properties) very likely have minimal impact on human health. Nevertheless, prior to wide‐spread application of the technology, it is highly advisable to further verify the lack of toxicity of food‐derived amyloid fibrils.     

食品微生物检验内容及其动向

在众多食品安全相关项目中,微生物污染造成的食源性疾病仍是世界食品安全中最突出的问题。为了更好地开展食品微生物检验和调查研究工作、提高食品的卫生质量、保证消费者饮食安全,本文对微生物的检验内容以及检验新技术的研究动向进行了介绍,指出食品微生物检验技术将向高效率、高标准、高精度和高灵敏度的方向发展。     

Development of Nanozymes for Food Quality and Safety Detection: Principles and Recent Applications

The public concerns about agrifood safety call for innovative and reformative analytical techniques to meet the inspection requirements of high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. Enzyme‐mimetic nanomaterials or nanozymes, which combine enzyme‐like properties with nanoscale features, emerge as an excellent tool for quality and safety detection in the agrifood sector, due to not only their robust capacity in detection but also their attraction in future‐oriented exploitations. However, in‐depth understanding about the fundamental principles of nanozymes for food quality and safety detection remains limited, which makes their applications largely empirical. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the principles, designs, and applications of nanozyme‐based detection technique in the agrifood industry. The discussion mainly involves three mimicking types, that is, peroxidase, oxidase, and catalase‐like nanozymes, capable of detecting major agrifood analytes. The current principles and strategies are classified and then discussed in details through discriminating the roles of nanozymes in diverse detection platforms. Thereafter, recent applications of nanozymes in detecting various endogenous ingredients and exogenous contaminants in foods are reviewed, and the outlook of profound developments are explained. Evidenced by the increasing publications, nanozyme‐based detection techniques are narrowing the gap to practical‐oriented food analytical methods, while some challenges in optimization of nanozymes, diversification of recognition‐to‐signal manners, and sustainability of methodology need to conquer in the future.     

Polymers and Biopolymers with Antiviral Activity: Potential Applications for Improving Food Safety

Gastroenteritis and hepatitis, caused by human noroviruses (HuNoVs) and hepatitis A virus (HAV), respectively, are the most common illnesses resulting from the consumption of food contaminated with human enteric viruses. Food‐grade polymers can be tailor designed to improve food safety, either as novel food‐packaging materials imparting active antimicrobial properties, applied in food contact surfaces to avoid cross‐contamination, or as edible coatings to increase fresh produce's shelf life. The incorporation of antimicrobial agents into food‐grade polymers can be used to control the food microbiota and even target specific foodborne pathogens to improve microbiological food safety and to enhance food quality. Enteric viruses are responsible for one fifth of acute gastroenteritis cases worldwide and the development of food‐grade polymers and biopolymers with antiviral activity for food applications is a topic of increased interest, both for academia and the food industry, even though developments are still limited. This review compiles existing studies in this widely unexplored area and highlights the potential of these developments to improve viral food safety.     

浅谈食品检验检测机构如何做好政府委托检验任务的合同评审

食品安全,关乎民生。近年来食品安全问题层出不穷,食品检验检测机构作为食品安全监管的技术支撑也面临着重大考验。合同评审是食品检验检测机构开展检验检测工作的第一环节,是食品检验检测机构风险控制的重要手段之一,有效的合同评审为食品检验检测机构开展高质量的检验工作保驾护航。本文主要分析食品检验检测机构如何从政府委托检验任务类型、合同评审的程序、风险控制、人员素质要求等方面做好合同评审工作进行论述,为食品检验检测机构提供优质的检验服务提供借鉴和参考。     

Application of hyperspectral imaging in food safety inspection and control: a review

Food safety is a great public concern, and outbreaks of food-borne illnesses can lead to disturbance to the society. Consequently, fast and nondestructive methods are required for sensing the safety situation of produce. As an emerging technology, hyperspectral imaging has been successfully employed in food safety inspection and control. After presenting the fundamentals of hyperspectral imaging, this paper provides a comprehensive review on its application in determination of physical, chemical, and biological contamination on food products. Additionally, other studies, including detecting meat and meat bone in feedstuffs as well as organic residue on food processing equipment, are also reported due to their close relationship with food safety control. With these applications, it can be demonstrated that miscellaneous hyperspectral imaging techniques including near-infrared hyperspectral imaging, fluorescence hyperspectral imaging, and Raman hyperspectral imaging or their combinations are powerful tools for food safety surveillance. Moreover, it is envisaged that hyperspectral imaging can be considered as an alternative technique for conventional methods in realizing inspection automation, leading to the elimination of the occurrence of food safety problems at the utmost.     

高光谱成像在食品质量评估方面的研究进展与应用（二）

为了保证食品质量与安全,满足消费者需要,需要在食品生产、加工过程中对食品品质和安全信息进行实时检测。高光谱成像技术作为一种无损检测方法,能够实现食品品质和安全信息的快速、高效、准确检测。作为本综述的第二部分,本文主要介绍高光谱成像技术在水果与蔬菜的品质检验方面的应用,同时对其在奶制品、谷类、蘑菇等方面的研究成果也进行介绍,最后叙述高光谱成像技术的应用前景及目前的局限性。     

食品中邻苯二甲酸酯分析与风险评估技术研究进展

食品安全已经成为了倍受社会关注的热点问题,成为了全社会共同面对的挑战。其中,作为目前最常见的增塑剂,邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalate esters,PAEs)在现代食品工业中应用广泛,其通过迁移、富集、转化对食品造成污染,现已引起了公众的高度关注。近年来,不同基质中PAEs的样品前处理技术(固相萃取、分散液液微萃取、Qu ECh ERS等)和分析技术(光谱法、色谱法、质谱联用法等)、毒性及风险评估成为了研究热点。本文对国内外PAEs最新的研究进展进行总结评述,对食品中PAEs的筛查技术进行探讨,为将来开展食品中PAEs的检测、评估提供建议和思考。其中,简便快捷的前处理技术结合高通量、高灵敏度的筛查技术将成为今后一段时间的研究热点。     

Wavelet Analysis of Signals in Agriculture and Food Quality Inspection

Food quality and safety have become the top priorities for agriculture and food processing industry due to the increasing consumer demand for high-quality healthy food. The food processing industry is currently focusing on using fast, precise, and nondestructive automated quality inspection techniques. Near-infrared spectroscopy, image processing, hyperspectral imaging, X-rays, and ultrasonic techniques have been researched and shown to have high potential for automated inspection. The biggest challenge in the automated inspection systems deals with signal pre-processing, denoising, feature extraction, and its re-synthesis for classification purposes. Several research studies have established that the technique of wavelet analysis can very well resolve these issues of signal processing in many systems used for quality inspection of agricultural and food products. The objective of this paper is to discuss the theory of wavelet analysis and review its application in signal processing and feature extraction for quality monitoring of agricultural and food products.     

电商平台食品安全监督抽检方法探讨

为加强网购食品质量安全监管,提高网络食品监督抽检的有效性与规范性,本文从食品质量安全监督抽检方法研究入手,重点关注消费份额占比较大的电商平台。结合多年实践经验,分析了目前网络食品安全监督抽检的现状与难点。围绕电商平台食品监督抽检的全过程,在确定抽检计划、抽样准备、购样、抽样取证、样品验收、封样以及检验等环节展开深入探讨,提出了一套具有可操作性的电商平台食品安全监督抽检方法,为政府监管部门制定网络抽检工作规范提供参考和建议。     

Applications of Computer Vision for Assessing Quality of Agri-food Products: A Review of Recent Research Advances

With consumer concerns increasing over food quality and safety, the food industry has begun to pay much more attention to the development of rapid and reliable food-evaluation systems over the years. As a result, there is a great need for manufacturers and retailers to operate effective real-time assessments for food quality and safety during food production and processing. Computer vision, comprising a nondestructive assessment approach, has the aptitude to estimate the characteristics of food products with its advantages of fast speed, ease of use, and minimal sample preparation. Specifically, computer vision systems are feasible for classifying food products into specific grades, detecting defects, and estimating properties such as color, shape, size, surface defects, and contamination. Therefore, in order to track the latest research developments of this technology in the agri-food industry, this review aims to present the fundamentals and instrumentation of computer vision systems with details of applications in quality assessment of agri-food products from 2007 to 2013 and also discuss its future trends in combination with spectroscopy.     

Advanced applications of chemo-responsive dyes based odor imaging technology for fast sensing food quality and safety: A review

Public attention to foodquality and safety has been increased significantly. Therefore, appropriate analytical tools are needed to analyze and sense the food quality and safety. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important indicators for the quality and safety of food products. Odor imaging technology based on chemo-responsive dyes is one of the most promising methods for analysis of food products. This article reviews the sensing and imaging fundamentals of odor imaging technology based on chemo-responsive dyes. The aim is to give detailed outlines about the theory and principles of using odor imaging technology for VOCs detection, and to focus primarily on its applications in the field of quality and safety evaluation of food products, as well as its future applicability in modern food industries and research. The literatures presented in this review clearly demonstrated that imaging technology based on chemo-responsive dyes has the exciting effect to inspect such as quality assessment of cereal , wine and vinegar flavored foods , poultry meat, aquatic products, fruits and vegetables, and tea. It has the potential for the rapid, reliable, and inline assessment of food safety and quality by providing odor-image-basedmonitoring tool. Practical Application : The literatures presented in this review clearly demonstrated that imaging technology based on chemo-responsive dyes has the exciting effect to inspect such as quality assessment of cereal , wine and vinegar flavored foods, poultry meat, aquatic products, fruits and vegetables, and tea.     

食用植物油抽检过程质量控制措施

食用植物油作为日常生活必需品, 其安全性是消费者和政府非常关心的问题, 也是食品安全监管的难点和热点。本文就2020年我国食用植物油国家食品安全监督抽检情况进行分析, 对食用植物油的主要质量安全风险进行归纳总结, 从规范食品安全监督抽检的角度, 分析了抽样工作、检验工作、报告审核3个方面质量控制的关键控制点, 并运用部分实例, 重点阐述了在食用植物油抽检过程中容易忽视的问题, 并针对问题提出质量控制措施, 拟为规范抽检流程、防控风险、保障食用植物油质量安全提供参考依据。     

Recent Advances in De‐Noising Methods and Their Applications in Hyperspectral Image Processing for the Food Industry

There is great interest in developing hyperspectral imaging (HSI) techniques for rapid and nondestructive inspection of food quality, safety, and authenticity. In recent years, image quality has been constantly improved through advances in instrumentation, particularly in more powerful detectors. Nevertheless, pretreatment of data by de‐noising is a necessary step to insure clean HSI datasets for further analysis. This review first introduces the typical and commonly used de‐noising methods in HSI that correct for undesirable variations and remove noisy variables. Their advantages, disadvantages, and implementation are also discussed by giving examples of recent applications in the food industry. Finally, some advice is given for selecting the de‐noising methods that are best suited for a particular application. This review offers an overview of the most frequently applied methods and the latest progress made in HSI de‐noising in food applications. It provides systematic insight into future trends for generating high‐accuracy predictions regarding food safety and quality.     

Bacterial Quorum Sensing and Food Industry

Abstract: Food spoilage and biofilm formation by food‐related bacteria are significant problems in the food industry. Even with the application of modern‐day food preservative techniques, excessive amounts of food are lost due to microbial spoilage. A number of studies have indicated that quorum sensing plays a major role in food spoilage, biofilm formation, and food‐related pathogenesis. Understanding bacterial quorum‐sensing signaling systems can help in controlling the growth of undesirable food‐related bacteria. This review focusses on the various signaling molecules produced by Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria and the mechanism of their quorum‐sensing systems, types of signaling molecules that have been detected in different food systems using biosensors, the role of signaling molecules in biofilm formation, and significance of biofilms in the food industry. As quorum‐sensing signaling molecules are implicated in food spoilage, based on these molecules potential, quorum‐sensing inhibitors/antagonists can be developed to be used as novel food preservatives for maintaining food integrity and enhancing food safety. Practical Application: Bacteria use signaling molecules for inter‐ and intracellular communication. This phenomenon of bacterial cell‐to‐cell communication is known as quorum sensing. Quorum‐sensing signals are implicated in bacterial pathogenicity and food spoilage. Therefore, blocking the quorum‐sensing signaling molecules in food‐related bacteria may possibly prevent quorum‐sensing‐regulated phenotypes responsible for food spoilage. Quorum‐sensing inhibitors/antagonists could be used as food preservatives to enhance the shelf life and also increase food safety.     

The Paradox of Mixed‐Species Biofilms in the Context of Food Safety

Formation of mixed‐species biofilms constitutes a common adaptation of foodborne pathogens and indigenous microbiota for prolonged survival in their food niche. Nevertheless, the potential role of mixed‐species biofilms in food safety remains to be elucidated. The formation of mixed‐species biofilms on food and food processing surfaces depends on various physical, chemical, and biological processes including species composition, especially of the indigenous microbiota and nutrients, food types, temperature, quorum sensing, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production, biofilms maturation, and dispersal steps. Compared to monospecies, mixed‐species are highly resistant to antimicrobials, possibly due to higher EPS production, internalization into food, fitness of species, denser and thicker biofilms maturation, and interspecific protection of 1 species by others, although there are much debate among studies. The fitness of mixed‐species biofilms populations is suggested to be of a cooperative, competitive, or neutral nature based on the genetic background of the involved species. Currently, various methods using microarray, confocal microscopy, proteomics, and selective media are being explored for the detection of mixed‐species biofilms to resolve the conflict issues. Here, we review recent progress in this emerging field in the context of food safety and propose that novel and alternative techniques like antiquorum sensing, antibiofilms, enzymes, hurdle techniques, and bacteriophages will significantly help to control the formation of mixed‐species biofilms for enhanced food safety. The next challenge will be to integrate the fitness and resistance patterns of mixed‐species biofilms in the laboratory with those of natural settings.     

Novel technologies for monitoring the in‐line quality of virgin olive oil during manufacturing and storage

The quality of virgin olive oil is related to the agronomic conditions of the olive fruits and the process variables of the production process. Nowadays, food markets demand better products in terms of safety, health and organoleptic properties with competitive prices. Innovative techniques for process control, inspection and classification have been developed in order to to achieve these requirements. This paper presents a review of the most significant sensing technologies which are increasingly used in the olive oil industry to supervise and control the virgin olive oil production process. Throughout the present work, the main research studies in the literature that employ non‐invasive technologies such as infrared spectroscopy, computer vision, machine olfaction technology, electronic tongues and dielectric spectroscopy are analysed and their main results and conclusions are presented. These technologies are used on olive fruit, olive slurry and olive oil to determine parameters such as acidity, peroxide indexes, ripening indexes, organoleptic properties and minor components, among others. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry     

分子印迹荧光纸基传感器食品安全可视化快检技术研究现状

食品安全问题随着食品种类的丰富一直备受全社会的高度重视。传统的食品安全检测方法耗时长、操作专业性强, 从而制约了现场应用。而分子印迹聚合物结合比率型荧光传感技术所构建的纸基传感器, 因其快速即时、低成本、高准确度且便携化的特点, 在食品安全的检测领域逐渐成为研究重点, 展示出巨大的发展潜力。本文概括了分子印迹技术以及印迹聚合物的制备方法, 重点对分子印迹比率型荧光纸基传感器在食品安全可视化快检技术领域中的应用进展进行归纳, 特别提出纸基纤维素材料功能化技术及其在快检中的应用, 改善其非特异性性能并提高检测灵敏度, 最后提出了食品安全快检技术领域亟待解决的困难和问题, 并对快检技术在食品安全分析检测领域的发展方向进行了展望, 以期为分子印迹荧光纸基传感器的应用扩展提供依据。