Okra‐Like Fe7S8/C@ZnS/N‐C@C with Core–Double‐Shelled Structures as Robust and High‐Rate Sodium Anode

Core–multishelled structures with controlled chemical composition have attracted great interest due to their fascinating electrochemical performance. Herein, a metal–organic framework (MOF)‐on‐MOF self‐templated strategy is used to fabricate okra‐like bimetal sulfide (Fe₇S₈/C@ZnS/N‐C@C) with core–double‐shelled structure, in which Fe₇S₈/C is distributed in the cores, and ZnS is embedded in one of the layers. The MOF‐on‐MOF precursor with an MIL‐53 core, a ZIF‐8 shell, and a resorcinol–formaldehyde (RF) layer (MIL‐53@ZIF‐8@RF) is prepared through a layer‐by‐layer assembly method. After calcination with sulfur powder, the resultant structure has a hierarchical carbon matrix, abundant internal interface, and tiered active material distribution. It provides fast sodium‐ion reaction kinetics, a superior pseudocapacitance contribution, good resistance of volume changes, and stepwise sodiation/desodiation reaction mechanism. As an anode material for sodium‐ion batteries, the electrochemical performance of Fe₇S₈/C@ZnS/N‐C@C is superior to that of Fe₇S₈/C@ZnS/N‐C, Fe₇S₈/C, or ZnS/N‐C. It delivers a high and stable capacity of 364.7 mAh g^?1 at current density of 5.0 A g^?1 with 10 000 cycles, and registers only 0.00135% capacity decay per cycle. This MOF‐on‐MOF self‐templated strategy may provide a method to construct core–multishelled structures with controlled component distributions for the energy conversion and storage.     

High‐Performance Flexible Freestanding Anode with Hierarchical 3D Carbon‐Networks/Fe7S8/Graphene for Applicable Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have gained tremendous interest for grid scale energy storage system and power energy batteries. However, the current researches of anode for SIBs still face the critical issues of low areal capacity, limited cycle life, and low initial coulombic efficiency for practical application perspective. To solve this issue, a kind of hierarchical 3D carbon‐networks/Fe₇S₈/graphene (CFG) is designed and synthesized as freestanding anode, which is constructed with Fe₇S₈ microparticles well‐welded on 3D‐crosslinked carbon‐networks and embedded in highly conductive graphene film, via a facile and scalable synthetic method. The as‐prepared freestanding electrode CFG represents high areal capacity (2.12 mAh cm^?2 at 0.25 mA cm^?2) and excellent cycle stability of 5000 cycles (0.0095% capacity decay per cycle). The assembled all‐flexible sodium‐ion battery delivers remarkable performance (high areal capacity of 1.42 mAh cm^?2 at 0.3 mA cm^?2 and superior energy density of 144 Wh kg^?1), which are very close to the requirement of practical application. This work not only enlightens the material design and electrode engineering, but also provides a new kind of freestanding high energy density anode with great potential application prospective for SIBs.     

Extremely Small Pyrrhotite Fe7S8 Nanocrystals with Simultaneous Carbon‐Encapsulation for High‐Performance Na–Ion Batteries

Na/FeS_x batteries have remarkable potential applicability due to their high theoretical capacity and cost‐effectiveness. However, realization of high power‐capability and long‐term cyclability remains a major challenge. Herein, ultrafine Fe₇S₈@C nanocrystals (NCs) as a promising anode material for a Na–ion battery that addresses the above two issues simultaneously is reported. An Fe₇S₈ core with quantum size (≈10 nm) overcomes the kinetic and thermodynamic constraints of the Na‐S conversion reaction. In addition, the high degree of interconnection through carbon shells improves the electronic transport along the structure. As a result, the Fe₇S₈@C NCs electrode achieves excellent power capability of 550 mA h g^?1 (≈79% retention of its theoretical capacity) at a current rate of 2700 mA g^?1. Furthermore, a conformal carbon shell acts as a buffer layer to prevent severe volume change, which provides outstanding cyclability of ≈447 mA h g^?1 after 1000 cycles (≈71% retention of the initial charge capacity).     

Necklace‐Like Structures Composed of Fe3N@C Yolk–Shell Particles as an Advanced Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

It is of great importance to develop cost‐effective electrode materials for large‐scale use of Na‐ion batteries. Here, a binder‐free electrode based on necklace‐like structures composed of Fe₃N@C yolk–shell particles as an advanced anode for Na‐ion batteries is reported. In this electrode, every Fe₃N@C unit has a novel yolk–shell structure, which can accommodate the volumetric changes of Fe₃N during the (de)sodiation processes for superior structural integrity. Moreover, all reaction units are threaded along the carbon fibers, guaranteeing excellent kinetics for the electrochemical reactions. As a result, when evaluated as an anode material for Na‐ion batteries, the Fe₃N@C nano‐necklace electrode delivers a prolonged cycle life over 300 cycles, and achieves a high C‐rate capacity of 248 mAh g^?1 at 2 A g^?1.     

In Situ Growth of Iron Sulfide on Fast Charge Transfer V2C-MXene for Superior Sodium Storage Anodes

Due to the upstream pressure of lithium resources, low-cost sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have become the most potential candidates for energy storage systems in the new era. However, anode materials of SIBs have always been a major problem in their development. To address this, V₂C/Fe₇S₈@C composites with hierarchical structures prepared via an in situ synthesis method are proposed here. The 2D V₂C-MXene as the growth substrate for Fe₇S₈ greatly improves the rate capability of SIBs, and the carbon layer on the surface provides a guarantee for charge–discharge stability. Unexpectedly, the V₂C/Fe₇S₈@C anode achieves satisfactory sodium storage capacity and exceptional rate performance (389.7 mAh g⁻¹ at 5 A g⁻¹). The sodium storage mechanism and origin of composites are thoroughly studied via ex situ characterization techniques and first-principles calculations. Furthermore, the constructed sodium-ion capacitor assembled with N-doped porous carbon delivers excellent energy density (135 Wh kg⁻¹) and power density (11 kW kg⁻¹), showing certain practical value. This work provides an advanced system of sodium storage anode materials and broadens the possibility of MXene-based materials in the energy storage.     

Fe2VO4 Hierarchical Porous Microparticles Prepared via a Facile Surface Solvation Treatment for High‐Performance Lithium and Sodium Storage

Preventing the aggregation of nanosized electrode materials is a key point to fully utilize the advantage of the high capacity. In this work, a facile and low‐cost surface solvation treatment is developed to synthesize Fe₂VO₄ hierarchical porous microparticles, which efficiently prevents the aggregation of the Fe₂VO₄ primary nanoparticles. The reaction between alcohol molecules and surface hydroxy groups is confirmed by density functional theory calculations and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The electrochemical mechanism of Fe₂VO₄ as lithium‐ion battery anode is characterized by in situ X‐ray diffraction for the first time. This electrode material is capable of delivering a high reversible discharge capacity of 799 mA h g^?1 at 0.5 A g^?1 with a high initial coulombic efficiency of 79%, and the capacity retention is 78% after 500 cycles. Moreover, a remarkable reversible discharge capacity of 679 mA h g^?1 is achieved at 5 A g^?1. Furthermore, when tested as sodium‐ion battery anode, a high reversible capacity of 382 mA h g^?1 can be delivered at the current density of 1 A g^?1, which still retains at 229 mA h g^?1 after 1000 cycles. The superior electrochemical performance makes it a potential anode material for high‐rate and long‐life lithium/sodium‐ion batteries.     

Hierarchical Porous Nanosheets Constructed by Graphene‐Coated,Interconnected TiO2 Nanoparticles for Ultrafast Sodium Storage

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered promising next‐generation energy storage devices. However, a lack of appropriate high‐performance anode materials has prevented further improvements. Here, a hierarchical porous hybrid nanosheet composed of interconnected uniform TiO₂ nanoparticles and nitrogen‐doped graphene layer networks (TiO₂@NFG HPHNSs) that are synthesized using dual‐functional C₃N₄ nanosheets as both the self‐sacrificing template and hybrid carbon source is reported. These HPHNSs deliver high reversible capacities of 146 mA h g^?1 at 5 C for 8000 cycles, 129 mA h g^?1 at 10 C for 20 000 cycles, and 116 mA h g^?1 at 20 C for 10 000 cycles, as well as an ultrahigh rate capability up to 60 C with a capacity of 101 mA h g^?1. These results demonstrate the longest cyclabilities and best rate capability ever reported for TiO₂‐based anode materials for SIBs. The unprecedented sodium storage performance of the TiO₂@NFG HPHNSs is due to their unique composition and hierarchical porous 2D structure.     

Multichannel Porous TiO2 Hollow Nanofibers with Rich Oxygen Vacancies and High Grain Boundary Density Enabling Superior Sodium Storage Performance

TiO₂ as an anode for sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs) has attracted much recent attention, but poor cyclability and rate performance remain problematic owing to the intrinsic electronic conductivity and the sluggish diffusivity of Na ions in the TiO₂ matrix. Herein, a simple process is demonstrated to improve the sodium storage performance of TiO₂ by fabricating a 1D, multichannel, porous binary‐phase anatase‐TiO₂–rutile‐TiO₂ composite with oxygen‐deficient and high grain‐boundary density (denoted as a‐TiO_2?x /r‐TiO_2?x ) via electrospinning and subsequent vacuum treatment. The introduction of oxygen vacancies in the TiO₂ matrix enables enhanced intrinsic electronic conductivity and fast sodium‐ion diffusion kinetics. The porous structure offers easy access of the liquid electrolyte and a short transport path of Na⁺ through the pores toward the TiO₂ nanoparticle. Furthermore, the high density of grain boundaries between the anatase TiO₂ and rutile TiO₂ offer more interfaces for a novel interfacial storage. The a‐TiO_2?x /r‐TiO_2?x shows excellent long cycling stability (134 mAh g^?1 at 10 C after 4500 cycles) and superior rate performance (93 mAh g^?1 after 4500 cycles at 20 C) for sodium‐ion batteries. This simple and effective process could serve as a model for the modification of other materials applied in energy storage systems and other fields.     

Porous BN Nanofibers Enable Long‐Cycling Life Sodium Metal Batteries

Sodium metal anode, featuring high capacity, low voltage and earth abundance, is desirable for building advanced sodium‐metal batteries. However, Na‐ion deposition typically leads to morphological instability and notorious chemical reactivity between sodium and common electrolytes still limit its practical application. In this study, a porous BN nanofibers modified sodium metal (BN/Na) electrode is introduced for enhancing Na‐ion deposition dynamics and stability. As a result, symmetrical BN/Na cells enable an impressive rate capability and markedly enhanced cycling durability over 600 h at 10 mA cm^?2. Density functional theory simulations demonstrate BN could effectively improve Na‐ion adsorption and diffusion kinetics simultaneously. Finite element simulation clearly reveals the intrinsic smoothing effect of BN upon multiple Na‐ion plating/stripping cycles. Coupled with a Na₃V₂O₂(PO₄)₂F/Ti₃C₂X cathode, sodium metal full cells offer an ultrastable capacity of 125/63 mA h g^?1 (≈420/240 Wh kg^?1) at 0.05/5 C rate over 500 cycles. These comprehensive analyses demonstrate the feasibility of BN/Na anode for the establishment of high‐energy‐density sodium‐metal full batteries.     

Micrometer‐Sized Porous Fe2N/C Bulk for High‐Areal‐Capacity and Stable Lithium Storage

High‐capacity anodes of lithium‐ion batteries generally suffer from poor electrical conductivity, large volume variation, and low tap density caused by prepared nanostructures, which make it an obstacle to achieve both high‐areal capacity and stable cycling performance for practical applications. Herein, micrometer‐sized porous Fe₂N/C bulk is prepared to tackle the aforementioned issues, and thus realize both high‐areal capacity and stable cycling performance at high mass loading. The porous structure in Fe₂N/C bulk is beneficial to alleviate the volumetric change. In addition, the N‐doped carbon conducting networks with high electrical conductivity provide a fast charge transfer pathway. Meanwhile, the micrometer‐sized Fe₂N/C bulk exhibits a higher tap density than that of commercial graphite powder (1.03 g cm^?3), which facilitates the preparation of thinner electrode at high mass loadings. As a result, a high‐areal capacity of above 4.2 mA h cm^?2 at 0.45 mA cm^?2 is obtained at a high mass loading of 7.0 mg cm^?2 for LIBs, which still maintains at 2.59 mA h cm^?2 after 200 cycles with a capacity retention of 98.8% at 0.89 mA cm^?2.     

An Advanced MoS2/Carbon Anode for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) is a promising anode for high performance sodium‐ion batteries due to high specific capacity, abundance, and low cost. However, poor cycling stability, low rate capability and unclear electrochemical reaction mechanism are the main challenges for MoS₂ anode in Na‐ion batteries. In this study, molybdenum disulfide/carbon (MoS₂/C) nanospheres are fabricated and used for Na‐ion battery anodes. MoS₂/C nanospheres deliver a reversible capacity of 520 mAh g^?1 at 0.1 C and maintain at 400 mAh g^?1 for 300 cycles at a high current density of 1 C, demonstrating the best cycling performance of MoS₂ for Na‐ion batteries to date. The high capacity is attributed to the short ion and electron diffusion pathway, which enables fast charge transfer and low concentration polarization. The stable cycling performance and high coulombic efficiency (～100%) of MoS₂/C nanospheres are ascribed to (1) highly reversible conversion reaction of MoS₂ during sodiation/desodiation as evidenced by ex‐situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and (2) the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer in fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) based electrolyte as demonstrated by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements.     

α‐Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Decorated C@MoS2 Nanosheet Arrays with Expanded Spacing of (002) Plane for Ultrafast and High Li/Na‐Ion Storage

MoS₂ nanosheets as a promising 2D nanomaterial have extensive applications in energy storage and conversion, but their electrochemical performance is still unsatisfactory as an anode for efficient Li⁺/Na⁺ storage. In this work, the design and synthesis of vertically grown MoS₂ nanosheet arrays, decorated with graphite carbon and Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles, on flexible carbon fiber cloth (denoted as Fe₂O₃@C@MoS₂/CFC) is reported. When evaluated as an anode for lithium‐ion batteries, the Fe₂O₃@C@MoS₂/CFC electrode manifests an outstanding electrochemical performance with a high discharge capacity of 1541.2 mAh g^?1 at 0.1 A g^?1 and a good capacity retention of 80.1% at 1.0 A g^?1 after 500 cycles. As for sodium‐ion batteries, it retains a high reversible capacity of 889.4 mAh g^?1 at 0.5 A g^?1 over 200 cycles. The superior electrochemical performance mainly results from the unique 3D ordered Fe₂O₃@C@MoS₂ array‐type nanostructures and the synergistic effect between the C@MoS₂ nanosheet arrays and Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles. The Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles act as spacers to steady the structure, and the graphite carbon could be incorporated into MoS₂ nanosheets to improve the conductivity of the whole electrode and strengthen the integration of MoS₂ nanosheets and CFC by the adhesive role, together ensuring high conductivity and mechanical stability.     

Elaborately Designed Hierarchical Heterostructures Consisting of Carbon‐Coated TiO2(B) Nanosheets Decorated with Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for Remarkable Synergy in High‐Rate Lithium Storage

The capacity and conductivity deficiencies of TiO₂(B) are addressed simultaneously through a smart morphological and compositional design. Elaborately designed hierarchical heterostructures are reported, consisting of carbon‐coated TiO₂(B) nanosheets decorated with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, based on a facile self‐assembly strategy. The novel hierarchical heterostructures exhibit a remarkable synergy by bridging the intriguing functionalities of TiO₂(B) nanosheets (high safety and durability), Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (high theoretical capacity), and carbon coatings (high conductivity), which results in significantly improved cycle and rate performances. A startlingly high reversible capacity of 763 mA h g⁻¹ is delivered at 500 mA g⁻¹ after 200 charging−discharging cycles. Even when the current density is as high as 10 000 mA g⁻¹, the reversible capacity is still up to 498 mA h g⁻¹. This smart morphological and compositional design opens up new opportunities for developing novel, multifunctional hierarchical heterostructures as promising anode materials for next‐generation, high‐power lithium‐ion batteries.     

Hierarchically Porous Fe2CoSe4 Binary‐Metal Selenide for Extraordinary Rate Performance and Durable Anode of Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Owing to high energy capacities, transition metal chalcogenides have drawn significant research attention as the promising electrode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, limited cycle life and inferior rate capabilities still hinder their practical application. Improvement of the intrinsic conductivity by smart choice of elemental combination along with carbon coupling of the nanostructures may result in excellence of rate capability and prolonged cycling stability. Herein, a hierarchically porous binary transition metal selenide (Fe₂CoSe₄, termed as FCSe) nanomaterial with improved intrinsic conductivity was prepared through an exclusive methodology. The hierarchically porous structure, intimate nanoparticle–carbon matrix contact, and better intrinsic conductivity result in extraordinary electrochemical performance through their synergistic effect. The synthesized FCSe exhibits excellent rate capability (816.3 mA h g^?1 at 0.5 A g^?1 and 400.2 mA h g^?1 at 32 A g^?1), extended cycle life (350 mA h g^?1 even after 5000 cycles at 4 A g^?1), and adequately high energy capacity (614.5 mA h g^?1 at 1 A g^?1 after 100 cycles) as anode material for SIBs. When further combined with lab‐made Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C cathode in Na‐ion full cells, FCSe presents reasonably high and stable specific capacity.     

Porous Carbon Nanofibers Encapsulated with Peapod‐Like Hematite Nanoparticles for High‐Rate and Long‐Life Battery Anodes

Fe₂O₃ is regarded as a promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to its high specific capacity. The large volume change during discharge and charge processes, however, induces significant cracking of the Fe₂O₃ anodes, leading to rapid fading of the capacity. Herein, a novel peapod‐like nanostructured material, consisting of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles homogeneously encapsulated in the hollow interior of N‐doped porous carbon nanofibers, as a high‐performance anode material is reported. The distinctive structure not only provides enough voids to accommodate the volume expansion of the pea‐like Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles but also offers a continuous conducting framework for electron transport and accessible nanoporous channels for fast diffusion and transport of Li/Na‐ions. As a consequence, this peapod‐like structure exhibits a stable discharge capacity of 1434 mAh g^?1 (at 100 mA g^?1) and 806 mAh g^?1 (at 200 mA g^?1) over 100 cycles as anode materials for LIBs and SIBs, respectively. More importantly, a stable capacity of 958 mAh g^?1 after 1000 cycles and 396 mAh g^?1 after 1500 cycles can be achieved for LIBs and SIBs, respectively, at a large current density of 2000 mA g^?1. This study provides a promising strategy for developing long‐cycle‐life LIBs and SIBs.     

In Situ Fabrication of Branched TiO2/C Nanofibers as Binder‐Free and Free‐Standing Anodes for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Herein, 1D free‐standing and binder‐free hierarchically branched TiO₂/C nanofibers (denoted as BT/C NFs) based on an in situ fabrication method as an anode for sodium‐ion batteries are reported. The in situ fabrication endows this material with large surface area and strong structural stability, providing this material with abundant active sites and smooth channels for fast ion transportation. As a result, BT/C NFs with the character of free‐standing membranes are directly used as binder‐free anode for sodium‐ion batteries, delivering a capacity of 284 mA h g^?1 at a current density of 200 mA g^?1 after 1000 cycles. Even at a high current density of 2000 mA g^?1, the reversible capacity can still achieve as high as 204 mA h g^?1. By means of kinetic analysis, it is demonstrated that the remarkable surface pseudocapacitive behavior is also a major factor to achieve excellent performance. The rationally designed structure coupled with the inherent pseudocapacitive behavior gives this material potential for sodium‐ion batteries.     

Hollow Multishelled Heterostructured Anatase/TiO2(B) with Superior Rate Capability and Cycling Performance

TiO₂ is a potential anode material for lithium‐ion batteries due to its high rate capability and high safety. Here, a controllable synthesis for hollow nanostructured TiO₂, with heterostructured shells of TiO₂(B) and anatase phases, is presented for the first time, by using a sequential templating approach. The hollow nanostructures can be easily controlled to produce core–shell and double‐shelled materials with different compositional ratios of anatase to TiO₂(B) by tuning the synthetic conditions. When used as the anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries, a specific discharge capacity of 215.4 mAh g^?1 for the double‐shelled anatase/TiO₂(B) hollow microspheres is achieved at a current rate of 1 C (335 mA g^?1) for the 100th cycle and shows high specific discharge capacities of 141.6 and 125.7 mAh g^?1 at the high rates of 10 and 20 C over 1000 cycles. These results are due to the unique stable hollow multishelled structure, which has a high specific surface area, as well as the interface between the heterostructured anatase/TiO₂(B) phases contributing a substantial number of lithium‐ion storage sites.     

Pseudocapacitive Sodium Storage by Ferroelectric Sn2P2S6 with Layered Nanostructure

Sodium ion batteries (SIB) are considered promising alternative candidates for lithium ion batteries (LIB) because of the wide availability and low cost of sodium, therefore the development of alternative sodium storage materials with comparable performance to LIB is urgently desired. The sodium ions with larger sizes resist intercalation or alloying because of slow reaction kinetics. Most pseudocapacitive sodium storage materials are based on subtle nanomaterial engineering, which is difficult for large‐scale production. Here, ferroelectric Sn₂P₂S₆ with layered nanostructure is developed as sodium ion storage material. The ferroelectricity‐enhanced pseudocapacitance of sodium ion in the interlayer spacing makes the electrochemical reaction easier and faster, endowing the Sn₂P₂S₆ electrode with excellent rate capability and cycle stability. Furthermore, the facile solid state reaction synthesis and common electrode fabrication make the Sn₂P₂S₆ that becomes a promising anode material of SIB.     

A High Energy and Power Li‐Ion Capacitor Based on a TiO2 Nanobelt Array Anode and a Graphene Hydrogel Cathode

A novel hybrid Li‐ion capacitor (LIC) with high energy and power densities is constructed by combining an electrochemical double layer capacitor type cathode (graphene hydrogels) with a Li‐ion battery type anode (TiO₂ nanobelt arrays). The high power source is provided by the graphene hydrogel cathode, which has a 3D porous network structure and high electrical conductivity, and the counter anode is made of free‐standing TiO₂ nanobelt arrays (NBA) grown directly on Ti foil without any ancillary materials. Such a subtle designed hybrid Li‐ion capacitor allows rapid electron and ion transport in the non‐aqueous electrolyte. Within a voltage range of 0.0?3.8 V, a high energy of 82 Wh kg^?1 is achieved at a power density of 570 W kg^?1. Even at an 8.4 s charge/discharge rate, an energy density as high as 21 Wh kg^?1 can be retained. These results demonstrate that the TiO₂ NBA//graphene hydrogel LIC exhibits higher energy density than supercapacitors and better power density than Li‐ion batteries, which makes it a promising electrochemical power source.     

Engineering C?S?Fe Bond Confinement Effect to Stabilize Metallic-Phase Sulfide for High Power Density Sodium-Ion Batteries (Small 37/2023)

Metallic-phase iron sulfide (e.g., Fe₇S₈) is a promising candidate for high power density sodium storage anode due to the inherent metal electronic conductivity and unhindered sodium-ion diffusion kinetics. Nevertheless, long-cycle stability can not be achieved simultaneously while designing a fast-charging Fe₇S₈-based anode. Herein, Fe₇S₈ encapsulated in carbon-sulfur bonds doped hollow carbon fibers (NHCFs-S-Fe₇S₈) is designed and synthesized for sodium-ion storage. The NHCFs-S-Fe₇S₈ including metallic-phase Fe₇S₈ embrace higher electron specific conductivity, electrochemical reversibility, and fast sodium-ion diffusion. Moreover, the carbonaceous fibers with polar C S Fe bonds of NHCFs-S-Fe₇S₈ exhibit a fixed confinement effect for electrochemical conversion intermediates contributing to long cycle life. In conclusion, combined with theoretical study and experimental analysis, the multinomial optimized NHCFs-S-Fe₇S₈ is demonstrated to integrate a suitable structure for higher capacity, fast charging, and longer cycle life. The full cell shows a power density of 1639.6 W kg⁻¹ and an energy density of 204.5 Wh kg⁻¹, respectively, over 120 long cycles of stability at 1.1 A g⁻¹. The underlying mechanism of metal sulfide structure engineering is revealed by in-depth analysis, which provides constructive guidance for designing the next generation of durable high-power density sodium storage anodes.