再生混凝土框架结构地震作用下随机损伤与评估分析

通过对缩尺比例为1∶4的3层再生混凝土框架结构模型双向输入模拟振动台试验结果的分析,研究了该结构频率、阻尼以及层间位移角的变化情况。结果表明：该再生混凝土框架结构具有良好的抗震性能。综合考虑再生混凝土框架结构X、Y向不同频率、阻尼比、刚度、结构振型以及不同的结构形式与自振频率的测试方法,提出了相应的再生混凝土框架整体结构损伤模型;基于该损伤模型对该再生混凝土框架结构破坏等级的分析,结合现行相关规范要求,建立了再生混凝土框架结构破坏等级划分;拟合了再生混凝土框架结构损伤指标的计算式。研究结果表明：提出的损伤模型与试验现象基本吻合,能够用于再生混凝土框架结构震后损伤与定量评估分析。     

基于振型损伤的高层建筑结构地震破坏准则

针对高层建筑结构在地震作用下的地震损伤现象,参考国内外房屋建筑结构的损伤分析模型,本文以地震作用下高层建筑结构各阶振型对应的损伤指数为基础,建立了新的高层建筑结构地震破坏准则,通过这些准则计算分析了国内21幢高层建筑结构模拟地震振动台试验模型,并结合振动台试验结果划定了按这些准则进行计算时各种结构破坏状态对应的破损指数范围。探讨了在基于性能的抗震设计中如何应用这些准则的原理与方法,并以日美联合足尺实验模型为例作了说明与论证。     

Optimum structural modelling for tall buildings

It is a common practice to model multi‐storey tall buildings as frame structures where the loads for structural design are supported by beams and columns. Intrinsically, the structural strength provided by the walls and slabs are neglected. As the building height increases, the effect of lateral loads on multi‐storey structures increases considerably. The consideration of walls and slabs in addition to the frame structure modelling shall theoretically lead to improved lateral stiffness. Thus, a more economic structural design of multi‐storey buildings can be achieved. In this research, modelling and structural analysis of a 61‐storey building have been performed to investigate the effect of considering the walls, slabs and wall openings in addition to frame structure modelling. Sophisticated finite element approach has been adopted to configure the models, and various analyses have been performed. Parameters, such as maximum roof displacement and natural frequencies, are chosen to evaluate the structural performance. It has been observed that the consideration of slabs alone with the frame modelling may have negligible improvement on structural performance. However, when the slabs are combined with walls in addition to frame modelling, significant improvement in structural performance can be achieved. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Equivalent frame analysis for effective wall width of nonplanar beam–wall connections

Shear wall–frame structural systems are the most commonly used structural forms in tall buildings. In this structural system, many nonplanar beam–wall connections are formed by frame beams connecting to a shear wall in their out‐of‐plane direction. Few studies on nonplanar beam–wall joints have been conducted. This paper presents an investigation of the mechanical performance of nonplanar beam–wall joints based on the equivalent frame model assumptions. The concept of the effective wall width is introduced, and an analytical model is derived by considering the rotational stiffness of a beam–wall joint. The proposed effective wall width model is verified by experiments and finite element analyses. Comparison of the proposed model with the existing models shows that all the key design variables that affect the effective wall width in nonplanar beam–wall connections, in particular the cross‐sectional dimensions of beams and shear walls, have been appropriately included in deriving the proposed model based on structural mechanics. The applicability and accuracy are demonstrated by a design example. It is shown that the proposed analytical model of the effective wall width for nonplanar beam–wall connections provides a simple and effective, yet accurate, means of analysis for the coupling effect of nonplanar coupling beams in tall buildings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Efficient structural analysis of wall–frame structures

In this study, an efficient analytical model for the dynamic analysis of tall buildings with a shear wall–frame structural system has been proposed. A shear wall–frame structural system usually consists of a core wall showing flexural behavior and a frame presenting shear behavior. Therefore, the deformed shape of the shear wall–frame structural system is shown by the combination of flexural mode and shear mode. To consider this characteristic in developing an efficient analytical model, the effect of shear wall and frame on the dynamic behavior of a tall building with a dual system has been separately investigated. In order to consider the effect of the shear wall in the frame model without shear wall, a rigid body was used instead of the shear wall. Each equivalent model for the separated shear wall part and frame part has been independently developed, and two equivalent models were then combined to create an efficient analytical model for tall buildings with a shear wall–frame structural system. In order to verify the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method, time history analyses of tall buildings with a shear wall–frame system were performed. With analytical results, it has been confirmed that the proposed method can provide accurate results with significantly reduced computational time and memory. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multi-source information fusion applied to structural damage diagnosis

This study aims to import multi-source information fusion (MSIF) into structural damage diagnosis to improve its validity. Two structural damage identification methods based on MSIF are put forward, one of which is to fuse two or more structural damage detection methods by MSIF and another of which is the improved modal strain energy method by multi-mode information processing based on MSIF. Through a concrete plate experiment it is proved that, if two methods are integrated by character-level information fusion, structural initial damages can be more accurately identified than by a single method. In a simulation of a concrete box beam bridge, it is indicated that the improved modal strain energy method has a nice sensitivity to structural initial damages and a favorable robusticity to noise. These two structural damage diagnosis methods based on MSIF have good effects on structural damage identification and good practicability to actual structures.     

Finite element modeling and parametric analysis of timber–steel hybrid structures

This paper presents finite element modeling and a parametric analysis of prototype timber–steel hybrid structures, which are composed of steel moment‐resisting frames and infill wood‐frame shear walls. A user‐defined element was developed to model the behavior of the infill wood shear walls based on the concept of pseudo‐nail model. The element was implemented as a subroutine in a finite element software package abaqus . The model was verified by reversed cyclic test results and further used in a parametric analysis to investigate the lateral performance of timber–steel hybrid shear walls with various structural configurations. The results showed that the infill wall was quite effective within small drift ratios, and the elastic lateral stiffness of the hybrid shear wall increased when a stronger infill wall was used. In order to ensure the structural efficiency of the hybrid shear wall system, it is beneficial to use relatively strong timber–steel bolted connections to make sure the shear force can be transferred effectively between the steel frame and the infill wall. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

反复荷载作用下混凝土异形柱结构累积损伤分析及试验研究

反复荷载作用下混凝土结构的累积损伤将加重其力学性能的劣化,实用的结构累积损伤评价模型,可以定量确定结构的剩余刚度和强度,为结构安全评估和修复加固提供理论依据。本文以结构在理想无损伤状态下外力所作的功为初始标量,依据能量耗散原理,提出反复荷载作用下结构累积损伤评价模型。应用该损伤模型结合试验数据分别对L形截面柱、异形柱框架节点和异形柱框架结构进行了累积损伤分析,所得到的损伤评价指标,能较好地反映在反复荷载作用下钢筋混凝土结构的累计损伤状态。     

Optimum design of viscous dissipative links in wall–frame systems

This paper deals with the optimum design of fluid viscous dampers used as dissipative connections in wall–frame structural systems. The analyzed structure is composed of two substructures, the frames and the wall, and it is subject to a seismic acceleration. The optimum design is based on a ‘global protection strategy’, which aims at protecting both the substructures, i.e. both the frame and the wall. In this context, the authors formulate a multi‐objective optimum design, where there are two conflicting objective functions: the displacement of the frame and the shear in the wall. Optimum Pareto solution is obtained. For this purpose, a genetic algorithm, the non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm II, is adopted. The proposed method uses a global seismic protection strategy: this is a very important issue in modern technical codes, where several performance requirements are fixed and often conflicting. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

单元模态应变能变化率对框架结构的损伤诊断

对具有一定程度损伤的框架结构来说,模态位移动力检测指标难以有效地反映结构的损伤状况。为了提高诊断效率和诊断结果的可靠性,采用结构损伤的单元模态应变能变化率方法构造框架结构损伤定位的识别指标。通过对一个典型框架结构的数值模拟研究表明:该方法仅需低阶模态参数,无论是单一位置损伤、对称部位损伤、轻微损伤,还是多种损伤共存,均具有损伤定位的能力;且在一定噪声水平下具有较强的抗噪能力。给出根据损伤单元模态应变能变化率值的大小,确定损伤程度的实用方法。     

焊接空间结构节点焊缝拉裂损伤识别

针对焊接空间结构节点易发生损伤和破坏的问题,为了识别焊接空间结构节点焊缝拉裂损伤,建立了节点焊缝拉裂损伤等效模型,考虑到焊接空间结构具有杆件和节点众多的特点,提出了损伤识别两步法。首先建立有焊缝拉裂损伤焊接球节点三维实体有限元模型,划分焊缝裂缝宽度,然后分析不同焊缝裂缝宽度与节点刚度系数之间的关系,最后将所获得的不同裂缝尺寸焊接球节点刚度系数等效为弹簧刚度,施加于结构杆件两端,成为杆端弹簧约束模型,即考虑节点焊缝拉裂损伤的等效有限元模型; 建立等效模型后,采用两步法识别节点焊缝拉裂损伤位置,先对结构分区,用小波分析方法识别结构杆件有节点焊缝拉裂损伤发生的区域,然后基于等效模型提取应变模态作为损伤标示量,在损伤区域内具体定位有节点焊缝拉裂损伤发生的杆件。结果表明:焊缝拉裂损伤等效模型能够模拟实际结构节点焊缝拉裂损伤,所建立的节点焊缝损伤等效模型易于提取损伤标示量,采用两步法能够识别出焊接空间结构节点焊缝拉裂损伤位置。     

混凝土受弯截面卸载损伤模型的应用研究

基于刚度下降在Clough恢复力模型基础上定义了一种混凝土卸载损伤模型,和结构单元与整体损伤指标一起构成完整的损伤指标体系,通过有限元计算实现了对三跨连续梁的损伤评估,该损伤评估方法可以推广到三维框架结构中.     

基于最小秩方法的结构损伤识别

针对结构损伤识别中的最小秩方法存在的问题,经过研究发现,对测试模态进行关于质量矩阵的正交归一化可保证反演后刚度矩阵的对称性;提出了一种迭代修正算法,可保持反演结果的稀疏性;基于模态力余量,定义了一种损伤指标来预先判定结构损伤单元的位置,并可据此选取合适的测试模态阶数进行反演计算。数值试验结果表明,改进后的方法在考虑测试模态误差的情况下可对结构的损伤进行精确的定位和标定。     

主余震序列作用下钢筋混凝土框架结构损伤分析

一次强震过后通常伴有多次余震发生。由于主震和其后续余震之间的间隔时间较短,使得主震损伤结构未能得到及时修复而进一步遭受余震作用,产生“二次损伤”。为此,以一栋5层按我国相关设计规范设计的钢筋混凝土框架结构为研究对象,对主余震序列对结构造成累积损伤及余震对结构造成的增量损伤进行了研究。选取75条真实主震及其余震记录构成序列型地震动输入。同时,采用真实主余震序列中的主震记录,分别采用重复法和随机法两种人工余震构造方法,构造两组人工主余震序列作为地震输入。采用改进的Park-Ang损伤指数作为结构损伤指标,对结构在主震及其在真实和人工主余震序列作用的损伤进行计算,并对余震产生的结构增量损伤进行评估。进一步以峰值加速度、谱加速度、Arias强度作为主震和余震强度参数,研究了余震与主震强度比与余震增量损伤之间的相互关系。分析结果表明：基于随机法的人工主余震序列会对结构造成最显著的增量损伤;采用余震和主震强度比可以较好地预测余震增量损伤的显著性。     

Self‐centering steel–timber hybrid shear wall with slip friction dampers: Theoretical analysis and experimental investigation

An innovative self‐centering steel–timber hybrid shear wall (SC‐STHSW) system is proposed as a promising structural solution for earthquake‐resilient buildings. The SC‐STHSW is composed of posttensioned (PT) steel rocking frame and infill light‐frame wood shear wall. The PT steel frame provides self‐centering capability, whereas the infill wood shear wall improves the lateral stiffness and the load resistance. Meanwhile, friction dampers are assembled into the connections between the steel frame and the infill wall to provide energy dissipation. Theoretical analysis and cyclic loading test were conducted to comprehend the load‐resisting behavior of the proposed SC‐STHSW system, and closed‐form solutions of the moment, shear, and axial force distribution along the length of the steel beam were formulated. Moreover, a nonlinear finite element model was developed, and the model was further used to verify the derived theoretical formulas. Results showed that the SC‐STHSW system was able to undergo large interstory drift without the development of plastic zones in the steel frame members, which resulted in very small residual deformation. The presented experimental and numerical results aim to provide a practical structural solution for high‐performance earthquake‐resilient buildings.     

内嵌砖墙穿斗木结构振动台试验研究

为研究南方地区传统砖木结构民居的抗震性能,设计制作了一个1:2缩尺的内嵌砖墙穿斗木结构模型,通过振动台试验对模型结构的破坏形态、动力特性、加速度及位移响应进行了分析.结果表明:7度多遇地震时,木构架与内嵌砖墙连接良好,内嵌砖墙显著增加了木构架的抗侧刚度,结构位移反应显著减小,纵、横向最大位移角分别为1/1360和1/1...     

摇摆墙连接方式对结构抗震性能的影响

在模型试验的基础上,运用SAP 2000软件对纯框架结构模型、内嵌式摇摆墙框架模型和外挂式摇摆墙框架模型进行静力非线性分析。结果表明:内嵌式摇摆墙与外挂式摇摆墙加固框架的抗震性能在结构的刚度、抗震承载能力、损伤特征、层间变形及变形集中程度等方面均有不同。摇摆墙与框架的连接方式不同对结构的抗震性能有明显的影响。     

Two-stage damage diagnosis approach for steel braced space frame structures

In order to diagnose the location and extent of damage in steel braced space frame structures, a two-stage damage diagnosis approach is proposed. This approach is comprised of the damage locating vectors method and eigensensitivity analysis. By deriving formulas used to calculate characterizing stresses in space frame members, and by defining characterizing stresses in connections, the damage locating vectors method is extended to locate damage in space frame members and connections. In addition, the simplified calculation of modal mass-normalization constants for damaged structures is improved. The first- and second-order sensitivities of the modal parameter discrepancies with respect to the structural model parameters and the stiffness matrix of beam elements with one damaged end are utilized. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach, numerical simulation analysis and experimental testing of a steel braced space frame model are performed. Ten and seven damage patterns are simulated in the numerical example and experimental testing, respectively. Modal parameters of the undamaged and damaged structures are extracted from the acceleration data using the natural excitation technique (NExT) and the eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA). The extended damage locating vectors method is utilized to determine potentially damaged elements. Based on the identified modal information, the extent of damage of the potentially damaged elements is estimated using the second-order eigensensitivity analysis. It is demonstrated that the two-stage damage diagnosis approach is effective when the damage of the members or connections in steel braced space frame structures reaches a certain level.     

侧移刚度比对底框结构过渡层的影响

"5·12"汶川特大地震震害调查表明,位于灾区的底框结构破坏状态不尽相同,其中,过渡层与其相邻的底框结构的侧移刚度比是重要的影响因素之一。通过对汶川和茂县的两个底框工程的计算分析,得到了过渡层与相邻底部框架—剪力墙层的侧移刚度比对过渡层层剪力、层位移的影响规律。在此基础上,提出了底框结构侧移刚度比控制范围的设计建议。     

基于模态刚度的预应力混凝土梁损伤识别方法研究

阐明了模态刚度在损伤识别研究中的重要意义,并对11根多级损伤状态的预应力混凝土梁进行动力试验研究。通过对梁模态分析发现,由于噪音污染等多种因素的影响,仅凭各梁实测模态刚度数值的直观分析很难对梁的多级损伤状态进行有效的识别。为此,提出了以模态刚度变化率为损伤指标的BP神经网络和PNN神经网络的损伤识别方法,并利用实测数据验证所提方法的实用性。研究表明,两种神经网络分类器识别方法均能够有效应用于实际中,且具有很高的损伤识别精度,为结构损伤识别方法研究提供了新思路。