A study of electro‐optical characteristics depending on LC pre‐tilt angle and cell gap in a full‐HD LCOS panel

Abstract— The goal of this work is to achieve a better understanding of the electro‐optical characteristics of a VA‐mode full‐HD LCOS panel via simulations and experiments. The optical parameters, such as reflectance, fill factor, and contrast that vary due to the pre‐tilt angle and cell gap, were also studied. Based on the simulations, the optical fill factor was the highest at an angle of 81° and 2.1 μm under the given conditions. The contrast ratio was the highest at an angle of 89° and 2.4 μm. Five different LCOS panels were fabricated; three different angles (85°, 87°, and 89°) at a 2.1‐μm cell gap and two different cell gaps (1.8 and 2.1 μm) at an angle of 87°. The measured reflected light intensity was compared to the calculated reflectance. The simulated and measured contrasts were compared with each other. The simulation results well‐matched the experimental results and the differences were less than a few percentage points. Based on the comparative studies on reflectance and contrast, the test panel under the condition of an 87° angle and 2.1‐μm gap showed the best performance results.     

Humour as a double‐edged sword in response to crises versus rumours: The effectiveness of humorously framed crisis response messages on social media

Two single‐factorial experiments were used to examine the double‐edged sword effect of humorously framed crisis response messages on an organization's postcrisis reputation. While experiment 1 was conducted in a crisis situation, experiment 2 examined its effectiveness in the case of a rumour—that is a crisis situation that is not yet confirmed (and thus, it remains uncertain that the events took place). The results indicate that in a crisis situation, humour decreased the perceived sincerity of the organizational response, resulting in higher perceived organizational responsibility for the crisis and hence diminished organizational reputation. However, in the case of a rumour, humour created a more positive organizational reputation through decreased perceived crisis severity, leading to lower perceived organizational responsibility.     

The effectiveness of refutation with logic vs. indignation in restoring the credibility of and trust in a government organization: A heuristic‐systematic model of crisis communication processing

Across two experiments, this study examines the relative effectiveness of refutational messages employing different rhetorical modes in mitigating the reputational damage from an activist’s accusation of which validity can be contentious. Experiment 1 reveals that an appeal to logic generates more positive evaluations than an appeal to indignation in the message evaluations of transparency and reliability. Experiment 2 shows that an appeal to logic yields more positive attitude, higher perceptions of credibility and trust in the organization than an appeal to indignation when crisis involvement is high. The results of this study support the theoretical proposition of a dual‐process model of persuasion—individuals’ processing of crisis discourse is greatly affected by their level of involvement with the crisis.     

The interplay between governmental communications and fellow citizens’ reactions via twitter: Experimental results of a theoretical crisis in the Netherlands

This study aimed to gain insight into the interplay between citizens’ reactions on Twitter and governmental communications as well as their effects on self‐reliant behaviour and trust. Two experimental studies were conducted. In Study 1, participants first received other citizens’ reactions followed by the government's communications about how to act. Participants received supporting, opposing, mixed, or no reactions from other citizens. In Study 2, participants first received the government's communications with either certain or uncertain crisis information, followed by the different citizens’ reactions. The results showed that citizens’ reactions via Twitter are not necessarily detrimental to the effectiveness of governmental communications regarding self‐reliant behaviour. In addition, our findings suggest being careful with providing uncertain governmental communications during a crisis.     

Investigating the impact of training influence on employee retention in small and medium enterprises: a regression‐type classification and ranking believe simplex analysis on sparse data

This study investigates the impact of available training alternatives (TAs) on employee retention in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). A noticeable problem with this research issue is that individual SMEs may utilize different combination of TAs. The considered survey questionnaire allowed respondent SME owners/managers the option to gauge the level of satisfaction of a TA or to indicate that they did not use it. It follows, therefore, that the survey‐based data set is sparse, in the sense that the ‘did not use’ option infers that a form of missing value is present (Likert‐scale‐based satisfaction value present if a TA was used). To facilitate an effective analysis of the considered sparse data set, because the missing values have meaning, the nascent regression‐type classification and ranking believe simplex (RCaRBS) technique is employed. As a development of the CaRBS technique, this technique is able to undertake multivariate regression‐type analysis on sparse data, without the need to manage the missing values in any way. Results are presented from the RCaRBS analyses relating to SME owner/managers' satisfactions with TAs and their impact on two employee retention facets, namely greater employee loyalty and, conversely, losing an employee to a competitor. Emphasis here is on the graphical elucidation of findings in regard to model fit and TA contribution. The pertinence of the study is the inclusiveness of the data considered (a novel approach to analysing sparse data), and the comparisons between these associated issues of TA satisfaction and employee retention.     

Improvement strategies for the tools and techniques of quality improvement: Utilization of a performance evaluation matrix in the taiwanese high‐tech industry

This study integrates importance–performance analysis (IPA) and Slack's IPA matrix to provide a more comprehensive performance‐evaluation matrix for prioritizing improvement actions with regard to the tools and techniques of quality improvement. The study undertakes a review of the literature to identify the tools and techniques most widely used by high‐tech businesses in Taiwan. Following a survey of 394 managers and technicians, these tools and techniques are then placed on the integrated performance‐evaluation matrix to determine appropriate priorities for improvement actions. The study finds that “new seven” total quality management tools are used less often than “old seven” total quality management tools, and that education, training, and the efficient use of corporate resources are required to improve the frequency of utilization and the performance of the tools and techniques of quality improvement. © 2011Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The effects of multiple firefighting activities on information processing and work performance in a smoke‐diving room: An intervention study

Firefighters perform various tasks during firefighting operations under unknown and unpredictable conditions. The present study investigated the impact of firefighting activities and cooling tactics on information processing and work performance. Firefighters performed typical firefighting tasks in the four experimental conditions, namely i) no cooling device (NC), ii) cooling gel (CG), iii) cool vest (CV), and iv) cooling gel and cool vest (CG + CV). The measurement of information processing, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) scores decreased significantly after the firefighting activities in the four conditions, relative to baseline. The results revealed no significant difference in PASAT scores among the four conditions. However, the performance time (PT) was significantly shorter for the CV and CG + CV compared to the NC and CG conditions. The findings confirmed that the firefighting activities have a detrimental effect on information processing. The CG + CV and CV were more effective than CG and NC in improving PT during firefighting. However, the cooling strategies have a negligible effect on improving information processing performance.     

Gathering and evaluating innovation ideas using crowdsourcing: Impact of the idea title and the description on the number of votes in each phase of a two‐phase crowdsourcing project

Organizations are using crowdsourcing to capture innovation knowledge from the crowd in the form of ideas and then using the crowd to evaluate those ideas using votes. In this paper, we investigate a crowdsourcing setting in which Canada solicited information from its citizens to develop a digital transformation strategy. Canada used a two‐phase approach. Phase 1 was used to determine which ideas had the largest number of crowd votes, whereas in Phase 2, the crowd voted on the 30 leading vote‐getting ideas to determine the three winning ideas. This research investigates the ability to use information from ideas to estimate the number of votes that the ideas generate. This approach could be used to estimate the number of ideas, before making information available to the crowd. The unstructured text information in the idea is structured by using target concept dictionaries, which are used to estimate the extent to which the dictionary words appear in the ideas (e.g., “globalism”) and are related to the number of votes. Using this approach, roughly 1% of the total words are used to explain roughly 60% of the variance in the votes. Further, we also find that the variables associated with Phase 1 votes are not the same variables associated with Phase 2 votes; that is, the decision‐making variables changed. Finally, we find that votes are statistically significantly related to the content in the idea titles and the idea statements.