共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Robotics has aroused huge attention since the 1950s. Irrespective of the uniqueness that industrial applications exhibit, conventional rigid robots have displayed noticeable limitations, particularly in safe cooperation as well as with environmental adaption. Accordingly, scientists have shifted their focus on soft robotics to apply this type of robots more effectively in unstructured environments. For decades, they have been committed to exploring sub-fields of soft robotics (e.g., cutting-edge techniques in design and fabrication, accurate modeling, as well as advanced control algorithms). Although scientists have made many different efforts, they share the common goal of enhancing applicability. The presented paper aims to brief the progress of soft robotic research for readers interested in this field, and clarify how an appropriate control algorithm can be produced for soft robots with specific morphologies. This paper, instead of enumerating existing modeling or control methods of a certain soft robot prototype, interprets for the relationship between morphology and morphology-dependent motion strategy, attempts to delve into the common issues in a particular class of soft robots, and elucidates a generic solution to enhance their performance. 相似文献
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Yoshiaki Bando Takuma Otsuka Takeshi Mizumoto Katsutoshi Itoyama Masashi Konyo Satoshi Tadokoro 《Advanced Robotics》2015,29(1):35-49
Hose-shaped rescue robots have been developed for searching narrow spaces such as under collapsed buildings. The posture estimation independent of the past history is critical, because conventional inertial-sensor-based posture estimation has two main problems; a cumulative error problem peculiar to inertial sensors, and a sudden posture change problem caused by external forces. For coping with the two problems, we developed a novel posture estimation method by putting an active microphone array, a set of microphones and loudspeakers, on the robot. The method calculates the time difference of arrival (TDOA) of the reference signal emitted from one loudspeaker, and estimates the posture from the distance obtained by TDOA. This concise method still has three problems: (1) external noise, (2) reverberation and reflection, and (3) obstacles. These problems are tackled by (1) TSP signal, (2) GCC-PHAT and a threshold-based onset detection, and (3) rejecting incorrect onset times, respectively. Experiments with simulated sounds and actual recordings demonstrate that the method attains the performance of estimation comparable to that of conventional methods, that is, less than 20 cm of the tip position error. Even without historical data, the method attains the similar performance while conventional methods fail. 相似文献
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M. Hutter C. Gehring A. Lauber F. Gunther C. D. Bellicoso V. Tsounis 《Advanced Robotics》2017,31(17):918-931
This paper provides a system overview about ANYmal, a quadrupedal robot developed for operation in harsh environments. The 30 kg, 0.5 m tall robotic dog was built in a modular way for simple maintenance and user-friendly handling, while focusing on high mobility and dynamic motion capability. The system is tightly sealed to reach IP67 standard and protected to survive falls. Rotating lidar sensors in the front and back are used for localization and terrain mapping and compact force sensors in the feet provide accurate measurements about the contact situations. The variable payload, such as a modular pan-tilt head with a variety of inspection sensors, can be exchanged depending on the application. Thanks to novel, compliant joint modules with integrated electronics, ANYmal is precisely torque controllable and very robust against impulsive loads during running or jumping. In a series of experiments we demonstrate that ANYmal can execute various climbing maneuvers, walking gaits, as well as a dynamic trot and jump. As special feature, the joints can be fully rotated to switch between X- and O-type kinematic configurations. Detailed measurements unveil a low energy consumption of 280 W during locomotion, which results in an autonomy of more than 2 h. 相似文献
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This paper proposes a high-performance path following algorithm that combines Gaussian processes (GP) based learning and feedback linearization (FBL) with model predictive control (MPC) for ground mobile robots operating in off-road terrains, referred to as GP-FBLMPC. The algorithm uses a nominal kinematic model and learns unmodeled dynamics as GP models by using observation data collected during field experiments. Extensive outdoor experiments using a Clearpath Husky A200 mobile robot show that the proposed GP-FBLMPC algorithm's performance is comparable to existing GP learning-based nonlinear MPC (GP-NMPC) methods with respect to the path following errors. The advantage of GP-FBLMPC is that it is generalizable in reducing path following errors for different paths that are not included in the GP models training process, while GP-NMPC methods only work well on exactly the same path on which GP models are trained. GP-FBLMPC is also computationally more efficient than the GP-NMPC because it does not conduct iterative optimization and requires fewer GP models to make predictions over the MPC prediction horizon loop at every time step. Field tests show the effectiveness and generalization of reducing path following errors of the GP-FBLMPC algorithm. It requires little training data to perform GP modeling before it can be used to reduce path-following errors for new, more complex paths on the same terrain (see video at https://youtu.be/tC09jJQ0OXM ). 相似文献
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Helen Oleynikova Christian Lanegger Zachary Taylor Michael Pantic Alexander Millane Roland Siegwart Juan Nieto 《野外机器人技术杂志》2020,37(4):642-666
We present an open‐source system for Micro‐Aerial Vehicle (MAV) autonomous navigation from vision‐based sensing. Our system focuses on dense mapping, safe local planning, and global trajectory generation, especially when using narrow field‐of‐view sensors in very cluttered environments. In addition, details about other necessary parts of the system and special considerations for applications in real‐world scenarios are presented. We focus our experiments on evaluating global planning, path smoothing, and local planning methods on real maps made on MAVs in realistic search‐and‐rescue and industrial inspection scenarios. We also perform thousands of simulations in cluttered synthetic environments, and finally validate the complete system in real‐world experiments. 相似文献
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以HC-SR04超声波传感器模块获取机器人周围环境信息,以链式叉车作为搬运货物的执行机构,以STM32F103单片机作为机器人控制器,设计了一种自动搬运并且避障的小型履带式搬运机器人。针对局部静态环境下多障碍物对系统避障的复杂性,引入了模糊控制算法,通过对机器人与障碍物之间的距离进行模糊化,建立模糊规则,实现搬运机器人的避障控制。为了提高机器人的稳定性及避障的可靠性,对直流电机建立了数学模型,并利用积分分离PID算法进行仿真,最后实验结果表明该算法提高了直流电机的控制性能。 相似文献
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Rahul Kala 《Computational Intelligence》2019,35(2):430-447
Narrow corridors are a cause of intense problems in sampling‐based approaches due to the small probability of generation of samples inside the narrow corridor. The obstacle‐based sampling and bridge test sampling techniques rely on generating fresh samples at every iteration. Memory of the forbidden configuration space can lead to the discovery of new narrow corridors or generating additional key samples inside the same narrow corridor. Hence, in this paper, it is proposed to additionally solve the problem of generating a roadmap in the forbidden configuration space, called as the dual roadmap. The dual roadmap, so generated, has vertices that are collision‐prone and stores the structure of the forbidden configuration space. To reduce memory and computation time, only the boundary of the forbidden configuration space is stored, which is more informative. The dual roadmap, so constructed, is used to generate valid samples inside the middle of the narrow corridors. The construction of the additional roadmap takes a very small time and memory and is largely the biproduct of obstacle‐based sampling that is normally thrown away. Experimental results show that the proposed sampling method is very effective for finding narrow corridors as compared to popular sampling methodologies existing in the literature. 相似文献
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Zhenliang Zhang Yue Li Jie Guo Dongdong Weng Yue Liu Yongtian Wang 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2018,26(8):496-509
Calibration accuracy is one of the most important factors to affect the user experience in mixed reality applications. For a typical mixed reality system built with the optical see‐through head‐mounted display, a key problem is how to guarantee the accuracy of hand–eye coordination by decreasing the instability of the eye and the head‐mounted display in long‐term use. In this paper, we propose a real‐time latent active correction algorithm to decrease hand–eye calibration errors accumulated over time. Experimental results show that we can guarantee an effective calibration result and improve the user experience with the proposed latent active correction algorithm. Based on the proposed system, experiments about virtual buttons are also designed, and the interactive performance regarding different scales of virtual buttons is presented. Finally, a direct physics‐inspired input method is constructed, which shares a similar performance with the gesture‐based input method but provides a lower learning cost due to its naturalness. 相似文献
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为实现移动机器人在目标跟踪的同时进行避障,采用Kinect代替传统的测距雷达和摄像机.针对Kinect在使用中存在盲区和噪声的问题,提出一种基于统计的局部地图更新方法,利用动态更新的局部地图保存可能影响机器人运动的障碍物信息,并通过统计信息来消除测距噪声的影响,确保障碍物信息的有效性.同时使用增加安全区域的人工势场法去除对移动机器人运动无干扰的障碍物信息,改善了传统人工势场法通过狭窄通道的能力.在差动驱动移动机器人的实验证实了此系统能够很好地完成跟踪与避障任务,结果表明,使用Kinect可以代替传统测距传感器. 相似文献
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基于势场栅格法的移动机器人避障路径规划 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对传统人工势场法应用于移动机器人避障路径规划存在的缺陷,建立了改进的人工势场模型,通过在障碍物的斥力势场函数中增加最小安全距离,同时考虑机器人与目标点的相对距离,成功地解决了障碍物附近目标不可达(Good Nonreachable with Obstacles Nearby GNRON)的问题。此外,针对传统人工势场法的局部极小点和障碍物附近目标不可达同时存在的问题,提出了以改进人工势场法为主,栅格法为辅的方案来实施避障,使得机器人能够尽快地脱离局部极小并成功地绕过障碍物到达目标点。采用栅格法对改进人工势场法做辅助决策,弥补了改进人工势场法的不足,使机器人能够顺利到达势场的全局最小点,提高了避障路径规划的安全性和可达性。论文利用Matlab进行了算法仿真,结果证明了所提方法的正确性和有效性。 相似文献
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风管清扫机器人是一种用来清扫中央空调通风管道内壁的机械手,工作环境恶劣、管道空间障碍复杂。风管清扫机器人的无碰撞运动对于实现其3D非重复接触和高速旋转刷的最优遍历清洗至关重要。以光流密度作为使用避障的光源,结合光流和人工势场法,以光流法进行障碍物检测,人工势场法进行避障规划,提出一种局部路径规划的障碍物检测及避障方法。实验结果表明,斥力势场矢量指向避开障碍物的方向,而且势场主要受障碍物的光流的影响,并由最近的障碍物来确定。通过与平衡策略方法对比,也验证了此方法的有效性。 相似文献
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Yu Gu Nicholas Ohi Kyle Lassak Jared Strader Lisa Kogan Alexander Hypes Scott Harper Boyi Hu Matthew Gramlich Rahul Kavi Ryan Watson Marvin Cheng Jason Gross 《野外机器人技术杂志》2018,35(2):248-274
This paper presents the design of Cataglyphis, a research rover that won the NASA Sample Return Robot Centennial Challenge in 2015. During the challenge, Cataglyphis was the only robot that was able to autonomously find, retrieve, and return multiple types of samples in a large natural environment without using Earth‐specific sensors such as GPS and magnetic compasses. It navigates through a fusion of measurements collected from inertial sensors, wheel encoders, a nodding Lidar, a set of ranging radios, a camera on a panning platform, and a sun sensor. In addition to visual detection of a homing beacon, computer vision algorithms provide the sample detection, identification, and localization capabilities, with low false positive and false negative rates demonstrated during the competition. The mission planning and control software enables robot behaviors, determines sequences of actions, and helps the robot to recover from various failure conditions. A compliant, under‐actuated manipulator conforms to the natural terrain before picking up samples of various size, weight, and shape. 相似文献
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针对以往采摘机器人多采用封闭集中式控制系统,缺乏通用性、可扩展性差和可靠性低等问题,在研制开发苹果采摘机器人控制系统的工作中,采用了开放分布式结构.根据苹果采摘机器人的机械结构及其运动特点,在硬件上选用工控机、伺服驱动器等设备,通信上采用结构简单、组网容易、造价低廉的RS-485网络,从而保证了系统的软硬件开放性,同时使得系统能够分布式控制,提高了机器人的安全性.此外,对系统的控制算法、软件也进行了设计,其中着重阐述了RS-485网络的通信协议和通讯方式.最后进行了通讯试验和苹果抓取试验,验证了系统的有效性. 相似文献
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井下履带式探测机器人作业环境复杂,需携带多种探测或救援装备并进行爬坡越障,易导致负载扰动,具有较强非线性和不确定性,此外,用于机器人动力驱动的永磁同步电动机（PMSM）本身是多变量、强耦合的非线性系统,目前常规的基于误差的比例积分微分（PID）控制器很难满足控制需求。针对上述问题,设计了一种四摆臂井下履带式探测机器人,并进行了爬坡越障性能分析,得出了平地直行和直行爬坡2种工况下机器人PMSM的转矩和转速;对PMSM进行建模分析,速度环采用自抗扰控制器（ADRC）,电流环采用比例积分（PI）控制器,设计了ADRC+PI控制方案;采用磁场定向控制（FOC）技术对PMSM进行驱动,从而提升机器人在井下作业时的响应性能和抗干扰性能。对ADRC+PI控制方案和常规PI+PI控制方案进行仿真和对比分析,得到2种工况下PMSM的转速、转矩、相电流响应曲线,结果表明：在2种工况下,采用ADRC+PI控制方案时机器人PMSM的转速和转矩响应控制更精准,具有更小的超调量和更短的调节时间,应对外部突变干扰的能力更强,能有效提升井下履带式探测机器人的爬坡越障性能和作业稳定性。 相似文献