营养学在肉制品加工领域的应用

将营养学与肉制品的加工设计相结合,从不同人群的营养需求出发,研发出适合各类人群的肉制品,可丰富肉制品的品种,提升肉制品产品的针对性与适用性.我国开始在预包装食品中实施营养食品标签管理规范,标志着我国食品产业的监管从食品安全向食品安全与食品营养并重的方向转移,它符合全球食品业和消费者追求营养,追求健康的潮流,这同时也给肉制品加工带来了机遇与挑战.     

Balanced diets in food systems: Emerging trends and challenges for human health

ABSTRACT

Processed foods, generally known as modified raw foods produced by innovative processing technologies alters the food constituents such natural enzymes, fatty acids, micronutrients, macronutrients and vitamins. In contrast to fresh and unprocessed foods, processed foods are guaranteed to be safer, imperishable, long lasting and consist high level of nutrients bioactivity. Currently, the evolution in food processing technologies is necessary to face food security and safety, nutrition demand, its availability and also other global challenges in the food system. In this scenario, this review consists of information on two food processing technologies, which effects on processed foods before and after processing and the impact of food products on human health. It is also very well established that understanding the type and structure of foods to be processed can assist food processing industries towards advancement of novel food products. In connection with this fact, the present article also discusses the emerging trends and possible modifications in food processing technologies with the combination of conventional and modern techniques to get the suitable nutritional and safety qualities in food.     

3种天然甜味剂的风味、生理功能及应用研究进展

大量研究数据表明肥胖、糖尿病和心脑血管疾病的发生与日常糖分摄入过多相关密切。因此,近年来高糖饮食引发的健康风险获得了各国政府与公众的极大关注,国际消费市场对传统甜味剂蔗糖替代品的需求急剧增长。由于消费者对化学合成甜味剂的安全性一直有所顾虑,甜度高、热量低、风味佳、兼具多重功能特性的天然甜味剂成为代糖产品开发研究的热点。目前已有部分口感与蔗糖接近的天然甜味剂产品实现了工业生产并应用于食品加工,在甜味剂行业展现广阔的市场前景。本研究主要针对应用潜力巨大的3种天然甜味剂甜菊糖苷、罗汉果甜苷与D-阿洛酮糖的风味、功能及在食品中的应用进行概述,为甜菊糖苷与罗汉果甜苷的风味改良以及D-阿洛酮糖的安全性评估等工作开展提供借鉴,以期促进天然甜味剂的食品应用深入研究。     

Tocopherols in Seafood and Aquaculture Products

Fish products contain various nutritionally beneficial components, namely, ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-PUFA), minerals, and vitamins. Particularly, tocopherols (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol) can be provided by seafood and aquaculture products. Hence, this review shows the various aspects of tocopherols in seafood and aquaculture products. For tocopherol determination in these products, HPLC methods coupled with diode array detection in the UV area of the spectrum or fluorescence detection have been shown as sensitive and accurate. These newest methods have helped in understanding tocopherols fate upon ingestion by seafood organisms. Tocopherols pass through the intestinal mucosa mainly by the same passive diffusion mechanism as fats. After absorption, the transport mechanism is thought to consist of two loops. The first loop is dietary, including chylomicrons and fatty acids bound to carrier protein, transporting lipids mainly to the liver. The other is the transport from the liver to tissues and storage sites. Moreover, tocopherol levels in fish organisms correlate with diet levels, being adjusted in fish body depending on diet concentration. For farmed fish species, insufficient levels of tocopherols in the diet can lead to poor growth performance or to nutritional disease. The tocopherol quantity needed as a feed supplement depends on various factors, such as the vitamer mixture, the lipid level and source, the method of diet preparation, and the feed storage conditions. Other ingredients in diet may be of great importance, it has been proposed that α-tocopherol may behave as a prooxidant synergist at higher concentrations when prooxidants such as transition metals are present. However, the antioxidant action of tocopherols outweighs this prooxidant effect, provided that adequate conditions are used. In fact, muscle-based foods containing higher levels of tocopherol show, for instance, higher lipid stability. Besides, tocopherols are important not only from the nutritional point of view but also from the physiological one, since they are involved in many metabolic processes in the human organism. Moreover, synergistic interactions with selenium and ascorbic acid have been reported. It deserves attention that there is evidence tocopherols taken with food can prevent heart disease, while no such evidence was found for α-tocopherol as supplement. From this perspective, eating fish is advisable, since, for instance, a 100 g serving of salmon may provide nearly 14% of recommended dietary allowance.     

从农田到餐桌到营养:食物组分化学结构变化对健康效益的影响

食物富含多种化学组分,食物组分经历了加工释放与降解和体内吸收与代谢等一系列过程,最终被机体利用。随着食品化学和食品营养学科的深入发展,食物组分从农田到餐桌到人体过程中的关键变化、影响因素和调控方法得到了高度关注和广泛研究。梳理了从农田到餐桌过程中食物营养组分的体外加工和体内消化吸收阶段的变化及对人体的健康效益,介绍了食物加工、人体摄入过程中营养组分的变化(化学结构氧化降解),包括食物基质的破碎、组分的释放、体内的消化吸收,以及营养与功能组分发挥的健康功效等;分析了食物组分从农田到餐桌到人体过程中的关键影响因素,包括食物加工的方法和条件、食物的原始状态、食物的种类、食物基质性质和人体健康状态等;总结了食物从农田到餐桌到人体变化过程的营养功能强化策略,包括加工方法优化、膳食来源选择、食物形式选择、烹饪方法优化以及营养与功能组分递送系统的选择等;对未来食品营养产业的健康和可持续化发展进行了展望。     

全谷食品--谷物食品的发展趋势

随着生活水平的提高 ,人们对食品的要求日益趋向营养化 .作者阐述了加工方式对谷物中营养物质的影响 ,介绍了全谷食品对人体的保健功能 ,建议人们食用稍“粗”的食品 .     

谷物在我国运动营养食品中的应用

运动员、健身爱好者等在运动过程中常常会消耗大量的体能, 需要摄入运动营养食品以恢复身体机能。谷物是大米、小麦、小米、大豆等及其他杂粮的总称, 营养丰富。一些谷物还含有某些具有保健作用的特殊成分或活性物质, 这些成分在运动营养食品加工的应用方面具有较大潜力。本文对谷物的种类、营养价值、保健功效进行了介绍, 并综述了谷物在我国运动营养食品中的应用现状, 为促进谷物运动营养食品产业的发展提供重要的参考依据。     

紫山药的营养保健功能及开发利用研究进展

紫山药以其富含淀粉、蛋白质、多种氨基酸、矿物元素、天然花青素、多糖、薯蓣皂苷、多酚、尿囊素等,以及抗氧化、免疫调节、耐缺氧、抗衰老等保健功能越来越受到人们的青睐。通过查阅国内外文献资料,对紫山药营养保健功能的研究现状及应用前景做一综述,以期为我国紫山药的研究提供参考。     

基因组学在食品工业中的应用

食品工业的发展直接关系到人类生活的质量和安全。伴随着人类基因组计划的实施,作为世界学科发展前沿的基因组学正在高速发展,其在食品工业中的应用也受到广泛关注。简要介绍了基因组学在食品工业中的应用,主要是提高食品的营养价值,即开发高营养的食品原料和改善食品工业生产相关微生物的功能特性。     

汉麻籽营养成分及其在食品工业中的应用

介绍了汉麻籽的主要成分及其独特营养功效,对汉麻籽在中外传统食品中的应用做了概述,并从蛋白、油、粕三个方面,对汉麻籽在食品工业中的应用做了总结。     

微胶囊技术及其在食品加工中的应用

微胶囊技术是目前研究开发的高新技术之一,利用微胶囊化方法不仅叮增加产品的附加值,更足获得优良性新原料的良好来源。文中概述了常用的微胶囊化的方法,并从工艺特点、适用概况和独特性能上进行比较,简述了其在食品加工中的应用。     

转谷氨酰胺酶在食品加工中的应用

简要介绍了转谷氨酰胺酶的分类和性质,并从畜肉制品、乳制品、水产品、大豆蛋白制品、小麦粉制品和食品包装与保藏6个方面较为详细地介绍了其在食品加工中的应用情况。