纤维增强混凝土剪力墙抗震性能试验研究与理论分析

为根本改善混凝土基体的脆性,提高混凝土剪力墙的抗震性能和损伤容限,设计制作6个局部纤维增强混凝土（FRC）剪力墙试件,在试件变形关键部位采用FRC替代普通混凝土,并考虑高轴压比下剪力墙受压钢筋屈曲和受拉纵筋应力集中的问题,在塑性铰区纵向钢筋上设置钢套管,以改善受力钢筋的稳定性和变形性能。通过对悬臂剪力墙试件的拟静力试验,研究此类剪力墙的破坏现象、受力机理和滞回特性,探讨轴压比、FRC区高度、纵筋强度和钢套管长度等因素对墙体变形能力及耗能能力的影响。研究表明,与普通混凝土剪力墙试件相比,塑性铰区采用FRC的剪力墙试件具有较高的损伤容限和变形能力;提高钢筋强度和延性以及在纵筋上设置钢套管,对其抗震性能和耗能能力均具有明显的改善作用。     

冷挤压套筒连接RC装配式剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

为解决RC装配式剪力墙钢筋连接施工和质量检验困难的问题,提出了一种采用冷挤压套筒钢筋连接方式的装配式剪力墙构造形式.为探明此连接方式装配式剪力墙的可行性及其抗震性能,完成7个装配式剪力墙试件和2个现浇剪力墙对比试件的拟静力试验.对试件的水平荷载-侧移曲线及其特征点、钢筋应变进行了分析.结果 表明:装配式剪力墙试件和现浇...     

基于纤维梁柱单元的RC带翼缘剪力墙抗震性能分析

为高效准确地模拟钢筋混凝土构件在复杂荷载作用下非线性行为,采用OpenSees中基于刚度法的纤维梁柱单元,建立一种考虑弯曲和剪切共同作用的RC带翼缘剪力墙非线性分析模型,并对已完成的4个不同边缘构件和截面形式的RC带翼缘剪力墙的拟静力试验进行数值模拟;通过比较数值模拟结果与试验结果,验证有限元模型的准确性;通过有限元分析,研究轴压比(0.1~0.3)、剪跨比(1.8~3.0)、翼缘宽度与腹板高度比(0.5~1.1)、混凝土强度(C30~C45)、纵筋配筋率(0.73%~2.22%)以及箍筋配箍率(0.74%~5.19%)对RC带翼缘剪力墙抗震性能的影响。研究表明：随着轴压比、翼缘宽度与腹板高度比、混凝土强度以及纵筋配筋率的增大,带翼缘剪力墙的承载力逐渐增大,其极限变形能力在翼缘受拉方向也相应增大,而在翼缘受压方向不断减小。剪跨比的增大使得带翼缘剪力墙的承载力明显减小,但是变形能力大幅提高。箍筋配箍率的提高可以有效延缓带翼缘剪力墙翼缘受拉方向的破坏。     

Deformation limits of L‐shaped reinforced concrete shear walls: Experiment and evaluation

L‐shaped reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls have been studied over the years due to their importance in tall buildings. However, few investigations focus on the progression of damage with increasing deformation, especially on the deformation limits for different performance levels. Hence, an experiment was conducted on 12 L‐shaped RC shear walls subjected to axial and cyclic lateral loadings. The variables were shear span ratio, axial load ratio, and longitudinal boundary element reinforcement ratio. The seismic performances were analyzed and discussed in terms of crack pattern, failure mode, hysteretic response, backbone envelope, and ductility factor. On the basis of the three key performance state points on the backbone envelope, a method was proposed to assess the seismic performances of L‐shaped RC shear walls using six distinct performance levels. These performance levels were provided with relevant deformation limits and proved to be in good agreement with six significative damage states. Further, comparative analysis showed that the deformation limits derived from experiments were significantly underestimated by current codes and methods available in literature, because these prediction models were mainly developed for rectangular shear walls. Considering the contribution of flange, a modification of Cui's method yields good estimations of deformation limits for L‐shaped RC shear walls.     

Cyclic loading test of T‐shaped mid‐rise shear wall

Shear wall systems are the most commonly used lateral load resisting systems in high‐rise buildings. Six 1:2 scale mid‐rise T‐shaped reinforced concrete shear wall specimens with aspect ratio of 1.75, 2.15 and 2.80 were respectively tested under reversed cyclic loading. The seismic behavior and displacement ductility were investigated. The effects of aspect ratio, axial load level and transverse steel ratio on the seismic behavior and displacement ductility were also analyzed. Test results were discussed and compared with T‐shaped steel–concrete composite shear wall. Results mainly showed that the T‐shaped shear wall specimens mainly presented bending–shear failure mode and were all destroyed because of the concrete crushing at the web (negative direction) and the longitudinal reinforcement of the web reaching the limited deformation (positive direction), showing that the web was the weakest part of T‐shape shear wall. The ductility of the specimens was decreased, and the ultimate load‐bearing capacity was increased by increasing the axial load. To specimens with smaller aspect ratio and higher axial load ratio, the special transverse steel ratio of the web should be increased to improve the crushing strain of the confined concrete of the web in order to satisfy the ductility of the walls. The seismic performance was obviously improved in the T‐shaped steel–concrete shear wall compared with that of the T‐shaped reinforced concrete shear wall. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evaluation of deformation capacity including yield deformation in displacement‐based design of special RC shear wall

A displacement‐based design scheme can be applied to the seismic designs of special reinforce concrete (RC) shear walls. However, the displacement‐based design in the current seismic design codes does not consider the contribution of yield deformation of RC shear walls. In this study, the evaluation method of the deformation capacity for seismic designs of RC shear walls was analyzed and applied to a parametric study for the lateral deformations of RC shear walls. From the results of analyses with various design conditions, the contribution of yield deformation to the deformation capacity of an RC shear wall was analyzed. It was demonstrated that, for RC shear walls in tall buildings, the yield deformation increased as the ratio of wall height to length increased and reached more than 50% of total deformation. Therefore, for the reasonable design of special RC shear walls in tall buildings, the design equation including the yield deformation in the displacement‐based design process is proposed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

型钢混凝土剪力墙变形能力设计方法研究

为研究型钢混凝土(SRC)剪力墙的变形能力,在已有的弯曲破坏的SRC剪力墙拟静力试验的基础上,通过理论分析,推导出SRC剪力墙极限位移角、截面曲率、边缘应变和配箍特征值之间的关系,提出基于极限位移角的SRC剪力墙变形能力设计方法。通过与试验结果进行对比,说明该方法的可靠性。以此为基础,研究轴压比、剪跨比、配箍特征值等因素与SRC剪力墙极限位移角的关系,并提出不同抗震等级、不同配箍特征值下轴压比的限值。     

中等剪跨比RC剪力墙拉-弯-剪受力性能试验研究

为研究中等剪跨比钢筋混凝土(RC)剪力墙的拉-弯-剪受力性能，对4个RC剪力墙开展了在恒定轴拉力和往复水平力作用下的拟静力试验。RC墙剪跨比为1.5，尺寸和配筋均相同，仅轴拉力变化。结果表明：RC墙分别发生了剪切破坏、弯曲-剪切破坏和弯曲破坏；轴拉力致使RC墙的水平承载力降低，竖向钢筋平均拉应力比ns从0.20增大到0.80时，RC墙峰值荷载降低了约55%；中等剪跨比RC墙弯曲-剪切耦合效应明显，墙底部截面弯曲屈服后，塑性铰区的剪切变形也表现出显著的非线性；轴拉力和往复水平力作用下墙体发生显著的轴向伸长，引起墙体受剪承载力退化，竖向钢筋平均拉应力比ns=0.40的RC墙，其受力由弯曲机制向剪切机制转变，出现了弯曲-剪切破坏，基于转动角软化桁架模型和轴向伸长的实测数据，定量计算了该类墙体的受剪承载力退化，揭示了弯曲-剪切破坏机理。最后，验证了美国ACI 318—14和中国JGJ 3—2010中RC墙正截面拉弯承载力计算方法和公式的适用性。     

中等剪跨比RC剪力墙拉-弯-剪受力性能试验研究

为研究中等剪跨比钢筋混凝土(RC)剪力墙的拉-弯-剪受力性能,对4个RC剪力墙开展了在恒定轴拉力和往复水平力作用下的拟静力试验。RC墙剪跨比为1.5,尺寸和配筋均相同,仅轴拉力变化。结果表明：RC墙分别发生了剪切破坏、弯曲-剪切破坏和弯曲破坏;轴拉力致使RC墙的水平承载力降低,竖向钢筋平均拉应力比ns从0.20增大到0.80时,RC墙峰值荷载降低了约55%;中等剪跨比RC墙弯曲-剪切耦合效应明显,墙底部截面弯曲屈服后,塑性铰区的剪切变形也表现出显著的非线性;轴拉力和往复水平力作用下墙体发生显著的轴向伸长,引起墙体受剪承载力退化,竖向钢筋平均拉应力比ns=0.40的RC墙,其受力由弯曲机制向剪切机制转变,出现了弯曲-剪切破坏,基于转动角软化桁架模型和轴向伸长的实测数据,定量计算了该类墙体的受剪承载力退化,揭示了弯曲-剪切破坏机理。最后,验证了美国ACI 318—14和中国JGJ 3—2010中RC墙正截面拉弯承载力计算方法和公式的适用性。     

榫卯式接缝预制混凝土剪力墙受力性能试验研究

为研究榫卯式接缝预制混凝土剪力墙的受力性能,进行了1片现浇钢筋混凝土剪力墙和4片预制混凝土剪力墙在恒定轴力作用下的拟静力试验,分析了榫卯式接缝性能及墙体的抗震性能。结果表明：峰值荷载前,同一位置榫卯式接缝两侧水平钢筋应变基本相同,接缝两侧墙体基本无相对变形。破坏时水平、竖向相对变形仅为0.34、0.79mm,接缝连接可靠,保证了墙体的整体性能。榫卯式接缝预制混凝土剪力墙的受弯承载力、刚度与钢筋混凝土剪力墙基本相当,能够达到“等同现浇”的设计目标;破坏时墙体竖向接缝处混凝土剥落,减小了根部混凝土压溃区域面积,提高了墙体的变形能力;当顶点位移角为1/50时,预制混凝土剪力墙仍保持良好的竖向承载能力;提高边缘构件纵筋配筋率,墙体承载力提高,破坏区域更加集中在墙体的接缝处,延缓了根部混凝土的压溃。     

高轴压比钢管混凝土剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

为研究约束边缘构件内配置圆钢管的钢管混凝土剪力墙的抗震性能、探讨钢管混凝土剪力墙的轴压比限值及其约束边缘构件的配箍要求,完成了6个剪跨比大于2.0的高轴压比钢管混凝土剪力墙试件和1个钢筋混凝土剪力墙试件的拟静力试验。试验结果表明：剪力墙的破坏形态为压弯破坏及底部混凝土压溃而丧失竖向承载能力;钢管混凝土剪力墙的开裂水平力、名义屈服水平力、正截面受弯承载力和变形能力均比相同参数的钢筋混凝土剪力墙大;配置双钢管剪力墙的变形能力大于配置单钢管的剪力墙,约束边缘构件为端柱的剪力墙的变形能力大于约束边缘构件为暗柱的剪力墙;正截面受弯承载力试验值大于计算值。根据试验结果,提出了钢管混凝土剪力墙的设计建议。图9表7参13     

高层屈曲约束钢板墙-混凝土框架结构抗震性能研究

为研究高层屈曲约束钢板墙-混凝土框架结构的抗震性能,分别设计了一个10层钢筋混凝土框架结构和屈曲约束钢板墙-混凝土框架结构模型,进行了地震作用下动力非线性分析。结果表明：屈曲约束钢板墙可显著减小高层钢筋混凝土框架结构在地震作用下的层间位移,同时在罕遇地震作用下框架中塑性铰的数量也有大幅减少,表现出良好的抗震性能。在此基础上,综合规范对框架结构和框架-抗震墙结构抗震等级和柱轴压比限值的规定,并结合屈曲约束钢板墙-混凝土框架结构的受力特点,提出了高层屈曲约束钢板墙-混凝土框架结构的抗震设计建议。建议屈曲约束钢板墙的边缘构件按框架结构确定抗震等级和柱的轴压比限值,其他框架部分根据其承担的地震倾覆力矩比例大小,按框架结构或框架-抗震墙结构确定抗震等级和柱的轴压比限值。     

锈蚀低矮钢筋混凝土剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

模拟近海大气环境对5榀不同设计参数的低矮RC剪力墙试件进行加速锈蚀试验，达到预期锈蚀目标后，对锈蚀试件进行拟静力试验，旨在研究不同水平分布筋间距和不同暗柱纵筋直径对锈蚀低矮RC剪力墙承载力、变形能力及剪切滞回特性等抗震性能的影响。结果表明:沿暗柱纵筋的锈胀裂缝较沿水平分布筋和暗柱箍筋的宽，而水平分布筋和暗柱箍筋的锈蚀率则比暗柱纵筋的大；随着水平分布筋间距的减小，锈蚀试件剪切破坏程度降低，剪切变形减小，而试件承载力、延性和耗能分别有不同程度的提高，其中以延性提高幅度最大；随着暗柱纵筋直径的增大，锈蚀试件受弯能力得到较大提升，剪切破坏程度增加，剪切变形增大，试件承载力、延性和耗能亦分别有不同程度的提高，其中承载力提高最多，延性和耗能提高相对较少。     

自密实再生块体混凝土叠合剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

为了对再生块体混凝土叠合剪力墙的安全性鉴定和抗震加固提供参考,通过1片预制普通混凝土墙板内现浇自密实混凝土叠合剪力墙和3片预制普通混凝土墙板内现浇自密实再生块体混凝土叠合剪力墙的低周反复荷载试验,研究了不同废旧混凝土块体取代率、轴压比和边缘约束构件钢管厚度对剪力墙抗震性能的影响,对比分析了各剪力墙的破坏形态、滞回曲线、...     

高轴压比下钢管高强混凝土组合剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

通过在约束边缘构件位置和截面中部设置多根钢管,形成了一组不同钢管布置形式的钢管高强混凝土组合剪力墙。通过对8片剪跨比为2.08的剪力墙试件在高轴压比（0.40~0.62）下的低周往复加载试验,研究其破坏形态、承载力、变形能力、滞回性能等。试验结果表明：试件的破坏形态为压弯作用下的受弯破坏,墙体根部混凝土压溃范围为整个试件宽度和300~400mm高度,钢管与混凝土之间没有出现明显的黏结滑移;在峰值荷载前,试件的截面应变分布基本符合平截面假定;与钢筋混凝土剪力墙相比,设置钢管后在轴向压力最大增加19%的情况下,受弯承载力提高了21%~43%,试件的屈服位移角达到1/300,峰值荷载时位移角不低于1/100,极限位移角达到1/75,个别试件接近1/40,变形能力提高了约30%,试件的滞回性能明显改善,表明所设计的钢管高强混凝土剪力墙具有良好的抗震性能和抗倒塌能力。     

高轴压比钢骨混凝土剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

为研究高轴压比钢骨混凝土剪力墙的抗震性能,完成了6片剪跨比为2.43、轴压比试验值为0.33~0.35的钢筋、钢骨和钢管混凝土剪力墙试件的往复水平力加载试验。试验表明:试件的纵筋和钢骨(钢管)受压屈服先于受拉屈服。试件的破坏形态为底部混凝土压碎剥落,约束边缘构件内的纵筋和钢骨(钢管)压曲,试件丧失竖向承载力。钢骨和钢管提高了试件的正截面承载力,且随位移增大试件能稳定地保持最大承载力。配置工字钢、槽钢和方钢管的试件的极限位移角为1/73~1/59,与钢筋混凝土试件基本相同;配置圆钢管的试件的极限位移角达1/44,墙端约束边缘构件配置圆钢管对提高高轴压比剪力墙的变形能力有显著作用。根据试验结果,提出了高轴压比钢骨混凝土剪力墙屈服、承载力极限状态和变形极限状态的截面应变、应力分布,建立了正截面承载力的计算式和顶点水平位移计算式,计算结果与试验结果符合较好。     

Seismic behavior and shear strength of tubed RC short columns

Reinforced concrete (RC) short columns are vulnerable to brittle shear failure during an earthquake. The objective of this research is to evaluate the performance enhancement of RC short columns tubed with circular or square tubes. Eight short columns were tested under combined constant axial load and cyclic lateral load. The tested specimens included three circular tubed RC (CTRC) columns and three square tubed RC (STRC) columns. Two common RC short columns including one circular RC column and one square RC column were also tested as control specimens. The test results indicated that common RC short columns suffered brittle shear failure with little ductility, while the ductility of tubed RC short columns was excellent due to the effective confinement of the outer thin tube to the core concrete. The lateral load strength of CTRC short columns increases with the increasing of axial load ratio, while the axial load ratio has little effect on the plastic deformation capacity of CTRC short columns. The shear strength increases with increasing of axial load ratio, while the plastic deformation capacity decreases with increasing of axial load ratio for STRC short columns. A circular tube prevents the core concrete from shear failure more effectively than a square tube for the tubed RC short columns. A modified ACI design method is adopted to calculate the nominal shear strength of STRC columns as well as CTRC columns based on the test and analysis results.     

应变率效应对钢筋混凝土剪力墙抗震效应的影响

利用有限元软件ABAQUS分别对不同剪跨比和不同轴压比的钢筋混凝土剪力墙在准静态和高应变率下动力加载进行数值模拟,并与考虑应变率效应后按JGJ 3—2002《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》进行的计算结果进行对比,以得到应变率对钢筋混凝土剪力墙抗震承载力的影响。通过比较不同剪跨比、轴压比及应变率下剪力墙的破坏形态和承载力,可以得出结论:在同一剪跨比和轴压比下,随着应变率的增加,剪力墙的抗震承载力有一定程度的提高,故对剪力墙进行地震作用分析时,应适当考虑应变率效应。     

钢筋混凝土剪力墙变形性能指标试验研究

为研究矩形截面钢筋混凝土剪力墙变形指标,根据GB 50011—2010《建筑抗震设计规范》设计了20个剪力墙试件进行低周往复荷载试验,研究不同剪跨比、试验轴压比、边缘构件纵筋配筋率对矩形截面剪力墙破坏形态、滞回性能、变形能力的影响。试验结果表明：随着剪跨比减小,剪力墙的破坏形态由弯曲破坏转向剪切破坏;随着试验轴压比增大,剪力墙的延性降低;随着边缘构件纵筋配筋率提高,弯曲破坏剪力墙延性提高,弯剪破坏与剪切破坏剪力墙延性降低。根据试验结果,建立了构件变形-构件损坏程度-构件承载能力的关系,提出了基于骨架曲线和破坏现象两种性能状态划分方法,得到剪力墙的变形性能指标,并将两种方法的结果进行对比,结果表明两者较为吻合,验证了基于骨架曲线划分性能状态方法的合理性与有效性。     

设防烈度8度(0.3g)区RC剪力墙结构抗震能力需求分析

实现RC剪力墙结构预期强震破坏模式的能力设计方法的不断改进,一直为工程师所关注。针对我国抗震设防烈度8度0.3g高烈度区RC剪力墙结构,设计了不同高度和整体性系数的结构模型,从而建立了预设延性破坏模式的分析模型。考虑大震变轴力对弯矩和剪力的影响,分析了剪力墙在大震作用的弯矩和剪力的实际需求沿结构高度的分布规律。结果表明,对于位于烈度8度0.3g区的剪力墙结构,考虑大震时轴力的变化对剪力墙受弯和受剪能力的需求影响较大;剪力墙的弯矩和剪力放大系数随结构的高度和整体性系数的增大而增大;现行规范规定的剪力墙受弯和受剪能力调整系数小于实际的需求,剪力墙中下部的弯矩和底部的剪力需求大,建议受弯能力调整沿高度采用三折线,提高剪力墙底部加强区的剪力放大系数或最小构造配筋率。