Improved exponential observer design for one‐sided Lipschitz nonlinear systems

This paper investigates the exponential observer design problem for one‐sided Lipschitz nonlinear systems. A unified framework for designing both full‐order and reduced‐order exponential state observers is proposed. The developed design approach requires neither scaling of the one‐sided Lipschitz constant nor the additional quadratically inner‐bounded condition. It is shown that the synthesis conditions established include some known existing results as special cases and can reduce the intrinsic conservatism. For design purposes, we also formulate the observer synthesis conditions in a tractable LMI form or a Riccati‐type inequality with equality constraints. Simulation results on a numerical example are given to illustrate the advantages and effectiveness of the proposed design scheme. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sensor fault estimation for Lipschitz nonlinear systems in finite-frequency domain

In this study, the problem of sensor fault estimation observer design for Lipschitz nonlinear systems with finite-frequency specifications is investigated. First, the sensor fault is considered as an auxiliary state vector and an augmented system is established. Then, by transforming the nonlinear error dynamics into a linear parameter varying system, a sufficient condition for the observer-error system with a finite-frequency H_∞ performance is derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Based on the obtained condition, novel nonlinear observers are designed to simultaneously estimate the system states and the fault signals and attenuate the disturbances in the finite-frequency domain. The proposed design method can provide less restrictive LMI conditions and get a better disturbance-attenuation performance when the frequency ranges of disturbances are known beforehand. A numerical example is given to show the effectiveness and superiority of the new results.     

一类非线性系统的函数观测器设计

研究单边Lipschitz非线性系统的函数观测器设计.基于线性矩阵不等式获得了函数观测器增益矩阵存在的条件,然后提出函数观测器增益矩阵的设计方法.通过一个仿真实例,验证所设计的函数观测器不仅能够估计系统的状态,而且可使观测误差快速收敛到零.     

Non-fragile observer design for fractional-order one-sided Lipschitz nonlinear systems

This paper is concerned with the problem of the full-order observer design for a class of fractional-order Lipschitz nonlinear systems. By introducing a continuous frequency distributed equivalent model and using an indirect Lyapunov approach, the sufficient condition for asymptotic stability of the full-order observer error dynamic system is presented. The stability condition is obtained in terms of LMI, which is less conservative than the existing one. A numerical example demonstrates the validity of this approach.     

Unknown inputs observer for a class of nonlinear uncertain systems: An LMI approach

This paper deals with the simultaneous estimation of states and unknown inputs for a class of Lipschitz nonlinear systems using only the measured outputs. The system is assumed to have bounded uncertainties that appear on both the state and output matrices. The observer design problem is formulated as a set of linear constraints which can be easily solved using linear matrix inequalities (LMI) technique. An application based on manipulator arm actuated by a direct current (DC) motor is presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed observer. The observer is applied to estimate both state and faults.     

Magnetic sensor-based simultaneous state and parameter estimation using a nonlinear observer

This paper presents an observer design technique for a newly developed non-intrusive position estimation system based on magnetic sensors. Typically, the magnetic field of an object as a function of position needs to be represented by a highly nonlinear measurement equation. Previous results on observer design for nonlinear systems have mostly assumed that the measurement equation is linear, even if the process dynamics are nonlinear. Hence, a new nonlinear observer design method for a Wiener system composed of a linear process model together with a nonlinear measurement equation is developed in this paper. First, the design of a two degree-of-freedom nonlinear observer is proposed that relies on a Lure system representation of the observer error dynamics. To improve the performance in the presence of parametric uncertainty in the measurement model, the nonlinear observer is augmented to estimate both the state and unknown parameters simultaneously. A rigorous nonlinear observability analysis is also presented to show that a dual sensor configuration is a sufficient and necessary condition for simultaneous state and parameter estimation. Finally, the developed observer design technique is applied to non-intrusive position estimation of the piston inside a pneumatic cylinder. Experimental results show that both position and unknown parameters can be reliably estimated in this application.     

基于奇异观测器的连续系统传感器故障估计

研究连续系统的传感器故障估计问题,提出一种奇异观测器来进行故障估计,所提方法不需要假设故障、故障导数和干扰的上界已知.通过HB∞性能指标抑制了干扰对故障估计的影响;采用线性矩阵不等式来获得奇异观测器的增益阵;利用Lyapunov泛函得到了观测误差动态系统的鲁棒渐近稳定性;最后通过飞行器仿真实例验证了所提方法的有效性.     

一类不确定系统的滑模观测器设计

针对一类系统矩阵不确定的线性系统,提出了一个新的鲁棒滑模观测器设计方法．通过将系统矩阵的不确定分为匹配的和非匹配的两部分,利用滑模控制对匹配不确定的绝对鲁棒性．使得观测器具有更小的保守性．基于规范型和结构Lyapunov矩阵,将观测器的综合问题转化为一个简单易求解的LMI问题,并进一步给出了优化求解过程,避免过大的控制输入．最后,仿真实例验证了所提方法的有效性．     

A sliding mode observer-based strategy for fault detection,isolation, and estimation in a class of Lipschitz nonlinear systems

This article investigates the design and application of a sliding mode observer (SMO) strategy for actuator as well as sensor fault detection, isolation, and estimation (FDIE) problem for a class of uncertain Lipschitz nonlinear systems. Actuator FDIE is addressed by regrouping the system's inputs into a structure suitable for SMO design. Similarly, by filtering the regrouped outputs, a similar system structure can be developed for sensor FDIE problem. Once in the suitable form and under certain assumptions, nonlinear SMOs are proposed for actuator and sensor FDIE. A systematic LMI-based design approach for the proposed SMO is presented. Additionally, the article addresses four problems, namely: (P1) What are the conditions for isolating single and/or multiple faults? (P2) What is the maximum number of faults that can be isolated simultaneously? (P3) How should one design SMO-based FDI approach in order to achieve multiple fault isolation using as few observers as possible? (P4) How can one estimate the shape of the faults? To solve the above problems, a new concept called fault isolation index (FIX) is proposed for actuator and sensor FDIE. It is proved that fault isolation can only be achieved if FIX?≠?0, and also that the maximum number of faults that can be isolated is equal to FIX. Using the proposed fault isolation strategy and by treating some healthy inputs or outputs as unknown inputs, a systematic FDIE design scheme using a bank of nonlinear SMOs, which provides a solution for the four problems is provided. An example is used to illustrate the proposed ideas. The simulation results show that the proposed FDIE scheme can successfully detect and isolate both slowly and fast-changing actuator faults. It is also shown that accurate estimation of actuator faults can be achieved.     

Integrated fault estimation and fault‐tolerant control for uncertain Lipschitz nonlinear systems

This paper proposes an integrated fault estimation and fault‐tolerant control (FTC) design for Lipschitz non‐linear systems subject to uncertainty, disturbance, and actuator/sensor faults. A non‐linear unknown input observer without rank requirement is developed to estimate the system state and fault simultaneously, and based on these estimates an adaptive sliding mode FTC system is constructed. The observer and controller gains are obtained together via H_∞ optimization with a single‐step linear matrix inequality (LMI) formulation so as to achieve overall optimal FTC system design. A single‐link manipulator example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一类非线性系统故障诊断观测器设计

大多故障诊断算法集中在线性系统方面, 在非线性方面只考虑故障对状态起线性影响的那些系统. 本文根据系统的非线性本质特性, 提出了基于模型的一类非线性系统故障诊断观测器设计方法. 应用系统的(B;K; á)实现精确分解后的系统模型, 对它们的状态故障起非线性的影响. 采用干扰解耦技术,获得的残差对未知扰动有很好的鲁棒性. 在Lyapunov意义下, 验证了算法的稳定性. 仿真验证表明, 所提算法具有快速收敛性, 对一类非线性系统诊断效果较好.     

An LMI approach to robust fault estimation for a class of nonlinear systems

The paper presents a robust fault estimation approach for a class of nonlinear discrete‐time systems. In particular, two sources of uncertainty are present in the considered class of systems, that is, an unknown input and an exogenous external disturbance. Thus, apart from simultaneous state and fault estimation, the objective is to decouple the effect of an unknown input while minimizing the influence of the exogenous external disturbance within the framework. The resulting design procedure guarantees that a prescribed disturbance attenuation level is achieved with respect to the state and fault estimation error while assuring the convergence of the observer. The core advantage of the proposed approach is its simplicity by reducing the fault estimation problem to matrix inequalities formulation. In addition, the design conditions ensure the convergence of the observer with guaranteed performance. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by its application to a twin rotor multiple‐input multiple‐output system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于观测器的非线性网络控制系统容错控制

研究了一类基于观测器的非线性连续网络控制系统容错控制器设计问题.针对传感器采用时间驱动方式,控制器和执行器均采用事件驱动方式的网络控制系统,设计了观测器,建立了基于状态观测器的增广闭环系统模型.利用线性矩阵不等式和自由权矩阵的方法,推导出闭环系统渐近稳定的充分条件,给出了观测器和容错控制器协同设计的方法.实例仿真证明了所用方法的有效性.     

一类受扰线性采样数据系统的鲁棒执行器故障估计

针对一类含有外部干扰的线性采样数据系统, 本文研究了执行器故障估计问题. 首先, 文章设计了一种用于估计系统执行器故障的鲁棒故障估计观测器, 在连续采样时间间隔内, 观测器增益矩阵指数变化. 之后, 通过联合增广状态估计误差与故障误差, 并利用Lyapunov-Krasovskii泛函和线性矩阵不等式技术, 给出了保证误差系统全局渐近稳定的充分条件. 同时, 建立的线性矩阵不等式条件涉及调谐参数和最大采样间隔, 可以较好改善状态和故障估计性能. 最后, 通过对某型民航飞机模型实例进行仿真, 验证了本文所提方法具有更好的跟踪效果     

Integrated fault detection and control for LPV systems

This paper studies the integrated fault detection and control problem for linear parameter‐varying systems. A parameter‐dependent detector/controller is designed to generate two signals: residual and control signals that are used to detect faults and simultaneously meet some control objectives. The low‐frequency faults and certain finite‐frequency disturbances are considered. With the aid of the newly developed linearization techniques, the design methods are presented in terms of solutions to a set of linear matrix inequalities. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一类非线性系统的自适应观测器设计

在故障诊断应用中, 状态方程中的未知参数和输出方程中的未知参数分别表征执行机构故障和传感器故障, 所以研究状态方程和输出方程同时含有未知参数的自适应观测器有着实际的应用意义. 本文基于高增益观测器和自适应估计理论, 针对状态方程和输出方程同时含有未知参数的一类一致可观的非线性系统, 用构造性方法设计了一种联合估计状态和未知参数的自适应观测器. 该自适应观测器的参数估计采用时变增益矩阵, 结构形式及参数设置简单. 给出了使该自适应观测器满足全局指数收敛性的持续激励条件, 并在理论上简洁地证明了该自适应观测器的全局指数收敛性. 数值仿真结果表明该自适应观测器具有良好的快速收敛性、跟踪性等期望性能.     

基于模糊观测器的非线性MIMO系统H2/H∞模糊状态反馈控制

研究了非线性系统H₂/H_∞模糊状态反馈控制问题.采用局部线性化方法,用T-S模糊线性模型逼近非线性系统,用模糊观测器重构系统状态.在希望的H_∞干扰抑制约束下,通过最小化H₂控制性能指标,实现了模糊状态反馈次优控制.通过将优化问题转化成2个特征值问题(EVP),应用线性矩阵不等式(LMI)优化方法求解,使问题的求解大大简化.所设计的闭环系统在平衡点是局部二次型稳定的,系统抗扰性能和动态性能均较好.     

Fault estimation observer design for a class of nonlinear multiagent systems in finite‐frequency domain

This paper focuses on the fault estimation observer design problem in the finite‐frequency domain for a class of Lipschitz nonlinear multiagent systems subject to system components or actuator fault. First, the relative output estimation error is defined based on the directed communication topology of multiagent systems, and an observer error system is obtained by connecting adaptive fault estimation observer and the state equation of the original system. Then, sufficient conditions for the existence of the fault estimation observer are obtained by using a generalized Kalman‐Yakubovich‐Popov lemma and properties of the matrix trace, which guarantee that the observer error system satisfies robustness performance in the finite‐frequency domain. Meanwhile, the pole assignment method is used to configure the poles of the observer error system in a certain area. Finally, the simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于观测器的非线性不确定系统鲁棒故障检测新方法

针对非线性不确定系统的鲁棒故障检测问题,提出了一种采用统计理论的新方法.通过设计全阶故障观测器产生残差信号,将鲁棒故障检测观测器设计问题转化为H∞优化问题;利用H∞范数描述故障检测的鲁棒性,保证系统的抗干扰能力,同时引入H_范数,确保对故障信号的灵敏度;应用线性矩阵不等式技术给出了该设计问题解存在的条件和求解方法.将统计理论用于故障检测阈值的确定,充分考虑了残差信号的随机特性,使故障决策更加准确和可靠.最后通过仿真实例验证了本文方法的有效性.