共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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The application of field-effect devices to biosensors has become an area of intense research interest. An attractive feature of field-effect sensing is that the binding or reaction of biomolecules can be directly detected from a change in electrical signals. The integration of such field-effect devices into cell membrane mimics may lead to the development of biosensors useful in clinical and biotechnological applications. This review summarizes recent studies on the fabrication and characterization of field-effect devices incorporating model membranes. The incorporation of black lipid membranes and supported lipid monolayers and bilayers into semiconductor devices is described. 相似文献
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AbstractThe application of field-effect devices to biosensors has become an area of intense research interest. An attractive feature of field-effect sensing is that the binding or reaction of biomolecules can be directly detected from a change in electrical signals. The integration of such field-effect devices into cell membrane mimics may lead to the development of biosensors useful in clinical and biotechnological applications. This review summarizes recent studies on the fabrication and characterization of field-effect devices incorporating model membranes. The incorporation of black lipid membranes and supported lipid monolayers and bilayers into semiconductor devices is described. 相似文献
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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has evolved to be one of the most powerful tools for the characterization of material surfaces especially at the nanoscale. Recent development of AFM has incorporated a suite of analytical techniques including surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique and infrared (IR) spectroscopy to further reveal chemical composition and map the chemical distribution. This incorporation not only elevates the functionality of AFM but also increases the resolution limitation of conventional IR and Raman spectroscopy. Despite the rapid development of such hybrid AFM techniques, many unique features, principles, applications, potential pitfalls or artifacts are not well known to the community. This review systematically summarizes the recent relevant literature on hybrid AFM principles and applications. It focuses specially on AFM‐IR and AFM‐Raman techniques. Various applications in different research fields are critically reviewed and discussed, highlighting the potentials of these hybrid AFM techniques. Here, the major drawbacks and limitations of these two hybrid AFM techniques are presented. The intentions of this article are to shed new light on the future research and achieve improvements in stability and reliability of the measurements. 相似文献
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Cai M Zhao W Shang X Jiang J Ji H Tang Z Wang H 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2012,8(8):1243-1250
Lipid rafts are membrane microdomains enriched with cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, and proteins. Although they are broadly presumed to play a pivotal role in various cellular functions, there are still fierce debates about the composition, functions, and even existence of lipid rafts. Here high-resolution and time-lapse in situ atomic force microscopy is used to directly confirm the existence of lipid rafts in native erythrocyte membranes. The results indicate some important aspects of lipid rafts: most of the lipid rafts are in the size range of 100-300 nm and have irregular shape; the detergent-resistant membranes consist of cholesterol microdomains and are not likely the same as the lipid rafts; cholesterol contributes significantly to the formation and stability of the protein domains; and Band III is an important protein of lipid rafts in the inner leaflet of erythrocyte membranes, indicating that lipid rafts are exactly the functional domains in plasma membrane. This work provides direct evidence of the presence, size, and main constitutive protein of lipid rafts at a resolution of a few nanometers, which will pave the way for studying their structure and functions in detail. 相似文献
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Ahmed S Savarala S Chen Y Bothun G Wunder SL 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2012,8(11):1740-1751
High-surface-area nanoparticles often cluster, with unknown effects on their cellular uptake and environmental impact. In the presence of vesicles or cell membranes, lipid adsorption can occur on the nanoparticles, resulting in the formation of supported lipid bilayers (SLBs), which tend to resist cellular uptake. When the amount of lipid available is in excess compared with that required to form a single-SLB, large aggregates of SLBs enclosed by a close-fitting lipid bilayer sheath are shown to form. The proposed mechanism for this process is one where small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) adsorb to aggregates of SLBs just above the gel-to-liquid phase transition temperature, T(m) , of the lipids (as observed by dynamic light scattering), and then fuse with each other (rather than to the underlying SLBs) upon cooling below T(m) . The sacks of SLB nanoparticles that are formed are encapsulated by the contiguous close-fitting lipid sheath, and precipitate below T(m) , due to reduced hydration repulsion and the absence of undulation/protrusion forces for the lipids attached to the solid support. The single-SLBs can be released above T(m) , where these forces are restored by the free lipid vesicles. This mechanism may be useful for encapsulation/release of drugs/DNA, and has implications for the toxic effects of nanoparticles, which may be mitigated by lipid sequestration. 相似文献
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Sven Daboss Peter Knittel Christoph E. Nebel Christine Kranz 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,15(48)
Scanning probe microscopy techniques providing information on conductivity, chemical fluxes, and interfacial reactivity synchronized with topographical information have gained importance within the last decades. Herein, a novel colloidal atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe is presented using a spherical boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrode attached and electrically connected to a modified silicon nitride cantilever. These conductive spherical BDD–AFM probes allow for electrochemical force spectroscopy. The physical robustness of these bifunctional probes, and the excellent electrochemical properties of BDD renders this concept a unique multifunctional tool for a wide variety of scanning probe studies including conductive AFM, hybrid atomic force–scanning electrochemical microscopy, and tip‐integrated chem/bio sensing. 相似文献
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Punita Singh O.P. Sinha Ritu Srivastava A.K. Srivastava J. Kaur Bindra R.P. Singh M.N. Kamalasanan 《Materials Chemistry and Physics》2012
Nanosized TiO2 has been synthesized solvothermally using an autoclave. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy studies elucidate that the synthesized nanoparticles are strongly crystalline and are dominantly in anatase phase. UV–vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy studies show a blue shift phenomenon in the synthesized nanoparticle in contrast to the bulk anatase TiO2 which furnish evidence in support of quantum size effect. The nanocomposites of TiO2 and MEH-CN-PPV have been prepared and characterized structurally (AFM, TEM) and optically (absorbance and photoluminescence). The nanocomposites have been used in light emitting diodes and electroluminescence (EL) and current density (J–V) of the device has been evaluated. The enhanced EL at elevated voltages for MEH-CN-PPV:5% TiO2 hybrid device suggests influence of the reduced particle size and modified surface morphology. 相似文献
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Padmini Rangamani Di Zhang George Oster Amy Q. Shen 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2013,10(88)
We present here a procedure for growing lipid tubules in vitro. This method allows us to grow tubules of consistent shape and structure, and thus can be a useful tool for nano-engineering applications. There are three stages during the tubule growth process: initiation, elongation and termination. Balancing the forces that act on the tubule head shows that the growth of tubules during the elongation phase depends on the balance between osmotic pressure and the viscous drag exerted on the membrane from the substrate and the external fluid. Using a combination of mathematical modelling and experiment, we identify the key forces that control tubule growth during the elongation phase. 相似文献
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熔模离心法制备高纯氧化铝基质膜管 总被引：14，自引：4，他引：14
无机膜以其耐高温、耐腐蚀、性能稳定等优点，在化工、食品、医药、环保等领域的应用日益广泛．本文提出了高铝基质膜管的一种新的制备方法熔模离心法．这种方法脱模容易，可以一次获得孔径由大到小逐渐过渡的梯度管．采用这种方法我们已在实验室制得了顶层孔径为０．２μｍ，通量为１５８ｍ３·ｍ－２·ｈ－１，显气孔率为５８％的梯度管，可以直接作为微滤膜管，也可作为支撑体管，进一步修饰后用于超滤、催化、反应，成为一种新型的催化剂材料和膜反应器 相似文献
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Valeria Giliberti Michela Badioli Alessandro Nucara Paolo Calvani Eglof Ritter Ljiljana Puskar Emad Flear Aziz Peter Hegemann Ulrich Schade Michele Ortolani Leonetta Baldassarre 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2017,13(44)
Cell membranes are intrinsically heterogeneous, as the local protein and lipid distribution is critical to physiological processes. Even in template systems embedding a single protein type, like purple membranes, there can be a different local response to external stimuli or environmental factors, resulting in heterogeneous conformational changes. Despite the dramatic advances of microspectroscopy techniques, the identification of the conformation heterogeneity is still a challenging task. Tip‐enhanced infrared nanospectroscopy is here used to identify conformational changes connected to the hydration state of the transmembrane proteins contained in a 50 nm diameter cell membrane area, without the need for fluorescent labels. In dried purple membrane monolayers, areas with fully hydrated proteins are found among large numbers of molecules with randomly distributed hydration states. Infrared nanospectroscopy results are compared to the spectra obtained with diffraction‐limited infrared techniques based on the use of synchrotron radiation, in which the diffraction limit still prevents the observation of nanoscale heterogeneity. 相似文献
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多孔陶瓷薄膜表面形貌研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用原子力显微镜（ＡＦＭ）观察Ａｌ２Ｏ３、Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２及Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２－ＴｉＯ２复合陶瓷薄膜的表面形貌,Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）分析表明,Ａｌ２Ｏ３薄膜的上为γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３;Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２薄由γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３和非晶诚ＳｉＯ２组成;而Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２－ＴｉＯ２薄膜的相成分为Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＴｉＯ２、Ａｌ４Ｔｉ２ＳｉＯ１２和非晶态ＳｉＯ２,各相的含量随化学成分变化而变化,ＡＦＭ观察结果表明 相似文献
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Benjamin P. Brown Loren Picco Mervyn J. Miles Charl F. J. Faul 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2013,9(19):3201-3211
The atomic force microscope (AFM) has become integrated into standard characterisation procedures in many different areas of research. Nonetheless, typical imaging rates of commercial microscopes are still very slow, much to the frustration of the user. Developments in instrumentation for “high‐speed AFM” (HSAFM) have been ongoing since the 1990s, and now nanometer resolution imaging at video rate is readily achievable. Despite thorough investigation of samples of a biological nature, use of HSAFM instruments to image samples of interest to materials scientists, or to carry out AFM lithography, has been minimal. This review gives a summary of different approaches to and advances in the development of high‐speed AFMs, highlights important discoveries made with new instruments, and briefly discusses new possibilities for HSAFM in materials science. 相似文献
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Ece N. Aybeke Gaël Belliot Stéphanie Lemaire‐Ewing Marie Estienney Yvon Lacroute Pierre Pothier Eric Bourillot Eric Lesniewska 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2017,13(1)
Studies on human norovirus are severely hampered by the absence of a cell culture system until the discovery of murine norovirus (MNV). The cell membrane domains called lipid rafts have been defined as a port of entry for viruses. This study is conducted to investigate murine norovirus binding on the mouse leukemic monocyte macrophage cell line. Lipid raft related structures are extracted from cells by detergent treatment resulting detergent‐resistant membrane (DRMs) domains. The real‐time polymerase chain reaction technique is performed to detect the viral genome, thereby the MNV binding on the DRMs. The interactions between MNV and DRMs are investigated by high‐speed atomic force microscopy (HS‐AFM) combined with surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The inoculation of the virus onto cells results in the aggregations of detergent‐resistant membrane domains significantly. The characteristic Raman band of MNV is found in inoculated samples. To be sure that these results are originated from specific interactions between DRM and MNV, methyl‐β‐cyclo‐dextrin (MβCD) is applied to disrupt lipid rafts. The MNV binding on DRMs is precluded by the MβCD treatment. The cholesterols chains are defined as a key factor in the interactions between norovirus and DRMs. The authors conclude that the MNV binding involves the presence of DRMs and cholesterol dependent. 相似文献