Study on self‐adjustable variable pendulum tuned mass damper

Pendulum tuned mass damper (PTMD) is usually used to control the horizontal vibration of a tall building. However, traditional PTMD is highly sensitive to frequency deviation and difficult to adjust its frequency. In order to improve this problem of traditional PTMD and protect a tall building more effectively, a novel PTMD, called self‐adjustable variable pendulum tuned mass damper (SAVP‐TMD), is proposed in this paper. On the basis of the acceleration ratio between TMD and primary structure, the SAVP‐TMD can retune itself by varying the length of the pendulum according to the improved acceleration ratio‐based adjustment algorithm. PTMD and primary structural accelerations are obtained from two accelerometers respectively, and the acceleration ratio is calculated in a microcontroller, then, the stepper motor will adjust the pendulum under the guidance of the microcontroller under a specific harmonic excitation. The improved acceleration ratio‐based adjustment algorithm is proposed and compared to solve the nonconvergent retuning problem. The SAVP‐TMD can be regarded as a passive damper including a frequency adjustment device. A single‐degree‐of‐freedom structure model is used to verify the effectiveness of SAVP‐TMD through both experimental study and numerical simulation. In order to further verify the effect of SAVP‐TMD in the MDOF structure, a five‐storey structure coupled with an SAVP‐TMD is proposed as a case study. The results of experiment, simulation, and case study all show that SAVP‐TMD can retune itself to the primary structural dominant frequency robustly, and the retuned PTMD has a better vibration control effect than the mistuned one.     

半主动电涡流单摆式调谐质量阻尼器减震性能研究

为了提高传统的调谐质量阻尼器（TMD）对建筑结构的减震效果,提出了一种可实时调整频率和阻尼的半主动电涡流单摆式调谐质量阻尼器(SAEC-PTMD)。由Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)识别结构的瞬时频率,通过基于HHT的控制算法实时调节SAEC-PTMD的摆长进行频率的调节。研究并拟合了电涡流有效阻尼系数与磁导间距之间的关系,通过基于线性二次型高斯(LQG)的控制算法实时调节磁导间距,以实时调节阻尼系数。为了验证SAEC-PTMD对建筑结构的减震效果,对一单自由度结构模型在地震激励下的震动响应进行数值模拟。数值模拟中,采用一经优化设计的被动TMD (PTMD)作为对比,并考虑由主结构的累积损伤引起自身频率下降而造成PTMD的失调效应。以主结构的加速度和位移时程峰值、整体均方根值及其加速度和位移反应谱作为评价指标,评估了SAEC-PTMD在结构发生损伤前后对PTMD的改良效果。数值模拟结果表明,在结构发生损伤前后,SAEC-PTMD均比经优化设计的PTMD具有更好的减震效果。     

Improving the wind‐induced human comfort of the Beijing Olympic Tower by a double‐stage pendulum tuned mass damper

With five sub towers and a maximum height of 246.8 m, the Beijing Olympic Tower (BOT) is a landmark of Beijing. The complex structural properties and slenderness of the BOT render it prone to wind loading. As far as the wind‐induced performance of this structure is concerned, this paper thus aims at a tuned mass damper‐based mitigation system for controlling the wind‐induced acceleration response of the BOT. To this end, the three‐dimensional wind loading of various wind directions are simulated based on the fluctuating wind force obtained by the wind tunnel test, by which the wind‐induced vibration is evaluated in the time domain by using the finite element model. A double‐stage pendulum tuned mass damper (DPTMD), which is capable of controlling the long period dynamic response and requires only a limited space of installation, is optimally designed at the upper part of the tower. Finally, the wind‐induced response of the structure with and without DPTMD is compared with respect to various wind directions and in both the time and frequency domains. The comparative results show that the wind‐induced accelerations atop the tower with the wind directions of 45, 135, 225, and 315° are larger than those with the other directions. The DPTMD significantly reduces the wind‐induced response by the maximum acceleration reduction ratio of 30.05%. Moreover, it is revealed that the control effect varies noticeably for the five sub towers, depending on the connection rigidity between Tower1 and each sub tower.     

Experimental parametric study on wind‐induced vibration control of particle tuned mass damper on a benchmark high‐rise building

A particle tuned mass damper system is an integration of tuned mass damper and particle damper. The damping performance of such device is investigated by an aero‐elastic wind tunnel test on a benchmark high‐rise building. The robustness of the system is studied by comparing the damping performance to that of a traditional tuned mass damper, and the results show that the damper has excellent and steady wind‐induced vibration control effects. Meanwhile, the parameters (filling ratio, mass ratio, and mass ratio of the container to particles), which have great influence on the vibration reduction performance of the system, are also analyzed, and it is found that the particles filling ratio plays the most important role in deciding the damping effects of the dampers. There exists an optimum filling ratio and mass ratios in which the damper can reach the best damping state. Proper parameter selections can greatly improve the damping performance.     

Influence of soil‐structure interaction on performance of a super tall building using a new eddy‐current tuned mass damper

Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) can be used as vibration control devices to improve the vibration performance of high‐rise buildings. The Shanghai Tower (SHT) is a 632‐m high landmark building in China, featuring a new eddy‐current TMD. Special protective mechanisms have been adopted to prevent excessively large amplitude of the TMD under extreme wind or earthquake loading scenarios. This paper presents a methodology for simulating behavior of the new eddy‐current TMD that features displacement‐dependent damping behavior. The TMD model was built into the SHT finite element model to perform frequency analysis and detailed response analyses under wind and earthquake loads. Furthermore, soil‐structure interaction (SSI) effects on wind and seismic load responses of the SHT model were investigated, as SSI has a significant impact on the vibration performance of high‐rise buildings. It was found that SSI has more significant effects on acceleration response for wind loads with a short return period than for wind loads with a long return period. Some of the acceleration responses with SSI effects exceed design limits of human comfort for wind loads with shorter return periods. As to the seismic analyses, it was found that SSI slightly reduces the displacement amplitude, the damping force, and the impact force of the TMD.     

A combined tuned damper and an optimal design method for wind‐induced vibration control for super tall buildings

The wind‐induced vibrations of super tall buildings become excessive due to strong wind loads, super building height and high flexibility. Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) and tuned liquid column dampers (TLCDs) have been widely used to control vibrations for actual super tall buildings for decades. To fully use both the economic advantage of the TLCD system and the high efficiency of the TMD system, an innovative supplemental damping system including both TLCD and TMD and called combined tuned damper (CTD), which can substantially decrease the cost of the damper, was proposed to control the wind‐induced vibrations of tall buildings. The governing equations are generated for the motion of both the primary structure and the CTD and solved to anticipate the dynamic response of the CTD‐structure system. Moreover, an optimal design method of human comfort performance is proposed, in which the life cycle cost of the damper‐structure system is considered as the quantitative index of the performance. The life cycle cost includes the initial cost, the maintenance cost and the failure cost. The failure cost can be calculated using the vibration‐sensation rate model, which is based on the Japanese code AIJES‐V001‐2004. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

电涡流TMD应用于登机桥人致振动控制的研究

登机桥在高密度人群的步行力作用下,可能产生较大的振动,从而引起行人的不舒适,甚至引发人群恐慌。文章根据南宁吴圩国际机场新航站楼登机桥采用电涡流TMD控制其竖向振动、提高整体结构的阻尼以及降低结构在人群激励下的加速度响应,进行理论分析以及试验研究。     

Proposed robust tuned mass damper for response mitigation in buildings exposed to multidirectional wind

The most common device for control of tall buildings under wind loads is the tuned mass damper (TMD). However, during their lifetimes, high‐rise and slender buildings may experience natural frequency changes under wind speed, ambient temperatures and relative humidity variations, among other factors, which make the TMD design challenging. In this paper, a proposed approach for the design of robust TMDs is presented and investigated. The approach accounts for structural uncertainties, optimization objectives and input excitation (wind or earthquake). For the use of TMDs in buildings, practical design parameters can be different from the optimum ones. Nevertheless, predetermined optimal parameters for a primary structure with uncertainties are useful to attain design robustness. To illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach, an example of a very slender building with uncertain natural frequencies is presented. The building represents a case study of an engineered design that is instructive. Basically, due to its geometry, the building behaves differently in one lateral direction (cantilever building) than the other (shear building). The proposed approach shows its robustness and effectiveness in reducing the response of tall buildings under multidirectional wind loads. In addition, linear‐quadratic Gaussian and fuzzy logic controllers enhanced the performance of the TMD. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

调频减振系统和黏滞阻尼系统在超高层结构中风振控制性能的对比研究

超高层建筑中常用的风振控制措施主要包括调频减振系统和黏滞阻尼系统.系统地阐述了两种方案的基本原理、工程适用性以及参数取值,并结合实际项目较为全面地对比了其抗风性能.虽然调频减振系统在建筑功能的适应度上和施工可实施性上都存在一定的不足,但作为结构风振控制措施仍不失为一种可取方案.黏滞阻尼系统不但可以提升结构在风荷载下的舒...     

设置FPS质量调谐阻尼器减振效果分析研究

根据拉格朗日方程推导了结构设置FPS调谐质量系统地震动力反应分析计算公式,并考虑了接触面滞滑效应的影响。分析与计算结果表明:设置质量调谐系统之后,结构动力反应层间位移有所减小。当接触面滑动摩擦系数为0.15左右、滑道半径为0.7 m、调谐附加质量为楼层质量的1.4倍以上时,质量调谐系统具有较好的减振效果、消能效果与复位能力。     

新型电涡流轴向阻尼器的阻尼特性及减振性能分析

滚珠丝杠式轴向电涡流阻尼器(BS-ECD)是一种新的非线性速度型阻尼器.文章推导了BS-ECD的耗能计算公式及等效阻尼比,分析了BS-ECD的阻尼力速度曲线和滞回曲线特点,同时以位移放大系数、传递率和阻尼力峰值等为指标阐明了BS-ECD对承受简谐荷载激励的单自由度结构的减振效果,并与非线性黏滞阻尼器进行对比.结果 表明...     

附加PTMD风力发电机结构减振控制试验研究

通过开展附加颗粒调谐质量阻尼器(particle tuned mass damper, PTMD)风力发电机结构模型的自由振动试验和振动台试验,研究PTMD自身参数对其减振性能的影响规律,检验PTMD用于降低风力发电机结构不利振动的合理性与有效性,揭示随机激励下耦合系统的工作机理。借助自由振动试验研究了设计参数对PTMD减振性能的影响规律,初步确定了系统的参数配置。同时,通过地震波激励工况、风荷载激励工况和风-地震耦合荷载激励工况对风力发电机结构使用PTMD进行振动控制的合理性与有效性进行了检验,进一步揭示随机激励下耦合系统的减振机理。试验结果表明：颗粒-腔体质量比和频率比参数分别取值0.27和0.97时PTMD表现出较好的减振性能;3种随机激励下PTMD能够有效抑制风力发电机结构的动力响应,其中,El Centro波作用下,PTMD对结构顶部加速度和位移峰值响应的控制效果分别为5.52%和7.73%,而对均方根响应的控制效果则高达33.3%和32.08%。由此可见,PTMD对均方根响应的控制效果优于峰值响应。对比传统调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)结果可知,经合理设计的PTMD具有更佳的减振...     

Experimental and numerical study on vibration control effects of a compound mass damper

A compound mass damper (CMD) was put forwarded based on the joint vibration control effects of tuned liquid damper and colliding particles. A series of shaking table tests were designed in order to investigate the dynamic response of a single degree of freedom bent frame structure with or without the damper (CMD, tuned mass damper, and tuned liquid damper) under three different kinds of earthquake waves. It is shown that the vibration reduction performance of CMD is generally better than the traditional dampers no matter from peak response attenuation rate or root mean square response attenuation rate. The vibration reduction effect of traditional dampers is susceptible to the characteristics of earthquake waves, whereas CMD is effective in a broader frequency bands. Also, the vibration reduction effect of CMD is not sensitive to the amplitude of earthquake waves, which means the system has good robustness. In addition, CMD has the advantage of fast start‐up. The numerical simulation results of the CMD are obtained through certain simplifications, and are in good agreement with the experimental results, which further verifies the damping effect of the proposed damper and provides a simplified method for its engineering design.     

设置混合调谐质量阻尼器的高层建筑风振控制实用设计方法

结合GB 50009-2012《建筑结构荷载规范》中的等效静风荷载计算方法,研究设置主被动可切换的混合调谐质量阻尼器(TMD/ATMD)的规则高层建筑结构的风振分析与实用设计方法。将控制系统的风振控制效果按照风振响应方差相等的原则归结为对受控结构的附加等效阻尼比,推导了控制系统最优参数和附加等效阻尼比的计算公式,给出了惯性质量平均最大行程比、主动控制力和额定功率的简化计算方法;并讨论了主动/被动控制模式的切换准则。最后给出以风振控制Benchmark结构模型为对象的受控结构及混合调谐质量阻尼系统的设计算例。算例分析表明：建议的设计方法可以方便地进行受控结构响应分析和控制系统参数设计;混合调谐质量阻尼器可以有效减小设计等效静风荷载和结构的动力响应。     

Integrated damping systems for tall buildings: tuned mass damper/double skin facade damping interaction system

As today's tall buildings become ever taller and more slender, wind‐induced vibration is a serious design issue. This paper presents integrated damping systems for tall buildings. An emphasis is placed on investigating the potential of double skin facades (DSF) as an integrated damping system for tall buildings. In the first scheme, the connectors between the inner and outer skins of the DSF system are designed to have low axial stiffness with a damping mechanism. Through this design, vibration of the primary building structure can be substantially reduced. However, excessive movements of the DSF outer skin masses are a design limitation. In the second scheme, the tuned mass damper (TMD) and DSF damping (DSFD) interaction system is studied to mitigate the design limitation of the first scheme and to resolve other TMD‐related design issues. TMDs are usually very large and located near the top of tall buildings for their effective performance. As a result, very valuable occupiable space near the top of tall buildings is sacrificed to contain large TMDs. In addition, installing TMD systems means adding additional masses to tall buildings. Through the TMD/DSFD interaction system, these issues can also be substantially addressed. Compared with the conventional TMD system, the TMD/DSFD interaction system requires a significantly reduced TMD mass ratio to achieve the same target damping ratio. Compared with the first scheme only with the DSFD mechanism, movements of the DSF outer skins can be better controlled in the TMD/DSFD interaction system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of tuned mass damper on correlation of wind‐induced responses and combination coefficients of equivalent static wind loads of high‐rise buildings

Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) are employed to control the wind‐induced responses of tall buildings. In the meantime, TMD may have an impact on the correlation of wind‐induced responses and combination coefficients of equivalent static wind loads (ESWLs). First, the mass matrix and stiffness matrix were extracted in this paper in accordance with the structural analysis model of two high‐rise buildings, and on that basis, the wind‐induced vibration responses analysis model with and without TMD was established. Second, the synchronous multipoint wind tunnel test to measure the pressure was performed for two high‐rise buildings, and the time history of wind‐induced vibration responses with and without TMD was studied. Finally, the impact of TMD on the correlation of wind‐induced responses and combination coefficients of ESWLs was discussed. The results of two examples suggest that after the installation of TMD, the increase of ρ_xy was 2.1% to 35.0% and ρ_yz was 2.8% to 45.6% at all wind directions for Building 1, and the increase of ρ_xy was 3.9% to 17.1% and ρ_yz was 6.8% to 38.3% for Building 2. The combination coefficients of ESWLs of two buildings were 3% to 6% larger than that of the original structure. The conclusion of this paper can be referenced by the wind resistant design of high‐rise buildings with TMD.     

齿轮齿条式电涡流阻尼器的力学性能研究

为开发性能良好的新型耗能装置,采用齿条齿轮和电涡流阻尼技术,提出一种新型的齿轮齿条式电涡流阻尼器(eddy current damping-rack and gear damper,简称ECD-RGD),并对其力学性能进行有限元仿真和试验研究。首先,介绍ECD-RGD的构造和运动分解,并设计制作ECD-RGD样机;然后,考虑两个加载角度研究ECD-RGD的表观质量和阻尼性能;最后,对ECD-RGD的滞回性能进行试验研究。结果表明：ECD-RGD是一种实现表观质量惯性力和电涡流阻尼力并联的新型阻尼器,可将结构振动的随机方向分解为确定的相互垂直的两方向加以控制;表观质量的理论结果与试验结果、电涡流阻尼力的仿真结果与试验结果总体吻合均较好;样机试验性能稳定,齿轮齿条式电涡流阻尼器具有可应用性。     

Parametric study of the use and optimization of tuned mass dampers to control the wind‐ and seismic‐induced responses of a slender monument

Passive energy dissipation devices have been used around the world to mitigate the response of structures under dynamic excitations, such as wind or seismic loading. The use of tuned mass dampers (TMD) in tall and slender buildings to reduce unwanted responses has proved to be very effective. The main purpose of this work is to study the structural behavior of a 115‐m‐height slender monument fitted with TMDs subjected to simulated wind and seismic loading. Turbulent wind forces were calculated based on samples of turbulent wind speed simulated with an auto regressive and moving average (ARMA) model. Ground motions compatible with a seismic site spectrum were also simulated. An optimization approach is suggested to determine the parameters of the TMDs that reduce the structural response to the maximum. The effectiveness of the TMDs for reducing the structural response of the monument is discussed in detail, and the use of optimally tuned TMDs is emphasized.     

深圳京基金融中心横风向风振控制试验研究

在边界层风洞试验中应用气弹模型技术对深圳京基金融中心（KFT）进行风振控制试验,通过在KFT顶层设计安装悬臂式调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)对结构横风向风振响应进行控制,研究了不同TMD参数对控制效果的影响,并将试验结果和基于刚性模型的高频压力积分(HFPI)计算结果进行比较。结果表明：使用TMD能有效抑制KFT的风致振动响应,当TMD频率接近结构1阶自振频率时,减振效果最佳,且由于结构阻尼的存在,最佳TMD频率略小于结构自振频率;TMD阻尼比为3.86%和1.67%时,结构顶层加速度响应分别减小20%和15%,而TMD阻尼比不大于0.07%时则可能对结构风致振动响应的控制不起作用。     

Coupled shear‐flexural model for dynamic analysis of fixed‐base tall buildings with tuned mass dampers

An equivalent discrete model is developed for time domain dynamic analysis of uniform high‐rise shear wall‐frame buildings with fixed base and carrying any number of tuned mass dampers (TMDs). The equivalent model consists of a flexural cantilever beam and a shear cantilever beam connected in parallel by a finite number of axially rigid members that allow the consideration of intermediate modes of lateral deformation. The proposed model was validated by a building whose lateral resisting system consists of a combination of shear walls and braced frames. The results showed the effectiveness of TMDs to reduce the peak displacements, interstory drift ratio, and accelerations when the building is subjected to a seismic load. The root mean square accelerations due to along‐wind loads also decrease if TMDs are attached to the building.