电流测量与仪表

0013245某型号观瞄系统可靠性预计[刊]/李堵基//电子产品可靠性与环境试验.—2000,(2).—29～33(L)本文阐述了某型号观瞄系统可靠性初步顼计的全过程,是基层可靠性工作者的实践总结。参10013246铂电阻4～20mA 电流变送器设计[刊]/马云峰//电测与仪表.—2000,37(4).—12～14(K)介绍两种实用的铂电阻4～20mA 电流变送器电路,不仅能将铂电阻进行线性化处理,而且可将温度转换成与之成正比的电流信号进行远距离传输。参2     

基于压控电流源的铂电阻测温非线性校正设计

铂电阻因其高精度、高稳定性、可重复性以及可互换性的特点,作为温度传感器在工业领域以及航天领域被广泛应用。针对铂电阻的非线性特性,提出了一种基于压控电流源的铂电阻测温非线性校正设计方法。利用测量系统的输出值微调铂电阻的激励电流的方法,抵消非线性误差,提高输出信号的线性度,具有参数计算简单、电路实现方便的优点。该方法应用于某在轨辐射定标系统,进行了相应的电路设计,采集了实际实验数据。实测数据表明,采用该方法能在-40~70℃的范围内将由铂电阻温度传感器非线性产生的测量误差改善为约0.016℃,提高了温度测量精度。     

两线制电阻式应变变送器的设计

电流变送器在电阻式应变测量仪表中得到广泛应用,这种变送器将应变测量的电压信号转变为标准的电流信号。本文讲述了4-20m两线制变送器芯片XTR115的工作原理及在应变测量过程中的设计应用。     

一种电流型二线制光照强度变送器的设计

现阶段对电流型二线制光照强度变送器的研究还相对较少,设计的光照强度变送器普遍存在精度不高,线性度不好,性能不够稳定,不能输出标准4~20 mA电流信号的问题。介绍了一种电流型二线制光照强度变送器的设计,其结构由光照强度转电压电路、电压范围转换电路、电压转电流电路以及稳压电源产生电路组成。实验结果表明该变送器具有精度高、线性度好、功耗低,能够稳定可靠地输出标准4~20 mA电流的特点。     

基于AD5700的HART协议通信接口设计

设计了一种HART协议通信接口。给出了具体的软硬件设计,采用HART专业低功耗调制解调芯片AD5700实现了HART信号的调制、解调与载波监听,利用AD5421电流环数模转换器实现了4m A-20m A电流输出及变送器的二线制传输,达到了变送器与上位机进行HART远程通信的目的。     

基于单片机的频率/电流变送器

针对模拟型频率/电流变送器在低频段存在精度差、响应速度慢的问题,提出了一种基于AT89S52单片机的频率/电流变送器设计方案,并完成了系统的软硬件设计。该系统主要由M/T法测频电路、D/A转换器、V/I转换电路、RS232通讯接口组成,能够对频率进行高精度测量,并将其转换成4-20 mA标准信号。实验证明,所设计的系统运行稳定,人机对话方便,在整个测量频段,系统响应快、精度高、无纹波,达到了设计要求。     

信号变送器AD693的应用

介绍信号变送器芯片ＡＤ６９３的工作原理、结构及工作模式。以铂电阻（Ｐｔ１００）测温为例，阐述ＡＤ６９３在温度测量中的应用。     

基于AD9851的受控正弦信号发生器设计

以TI公司超低功耗单片机（MSP430F420）,电流变送器（XTR105PA）,电流接收器（RCV420KP）及DDS芯片AD9851为主要器件,设计二线式电流型电阻变送器控制的正弦信号发生器,变送器可变电阻阻值范围为1 000～2 000Ω,对应输出频率为1 000～2 000kHz的正弦信号,可用示波器显示,阻值由LED显示。     

一种三线制铂电阻温度传感器信号调理电路设计

在电子产品设计中,经常需要对温度信号进行采集。文章介绍了一种三线制铂电阻温度传感器信号的调理电路,该电路能将三线制铂电阻温度传感器信号调理成对应的电压信号,通过AD采集器采集后,由处理器进行处理。同时,该电路还实现了对三线制铂电阻温度传感器的故障检测功能。     

基于硬件线性化的铂电阻测温系统

该文介绍了铂电阻的特性和设计方法,详细分析了-种基于硬件线性化的测温电路设计,其具有非线性误差小、测温精度商、易于调试等优点,克服了以往电路依赖于软件校准求解温度的缺点.该电路采用高精废低温漂的基准源为铂电阻形成静态工作电流.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks