3G业务及业务网络分析

3G时代是一个以业务为主要推动力的时代,相对2G业务,3G业务具有支持承载速率高、支持突发和不对称流量、具有Qos保障以及多媒体普遍应用的特点,而这些特点源于3G业务网络独特的业务网络架构,概要地分析了3G业务网络架构特点以及未来发展趋势。     

3G业务分类与应用

基于用户需求、业务质量、业务能力等不同的视角对3G业务进行了分类，接着对UM偈的分类方法进行了描述；基于此提出了我国3G业务分类的模型。最后，对视频类业务、定位类业务等3G特色应用进行了重点介绍。     

WCDMA技术与发展

3G的市场开发需要业务的牵引，3G能够具有支持不同媒体业务的能力，如何开发这些能力是3G业务开发的一个重要课题：为了提供市场前期牵引的能力，WCDMA规范注重了业务能力的开发。WCDMA预期提供的业务是非常丰富的，可以通过WCDMA终端的移动应用极大地丰富人们的生活。     

3G业务平台建设探讨

与现有移动网络相比,3G对于用户而言最大的区别在于可以提供更丰富更个性化的业务和应用。对于中国的运营商而言,3G业务是建设3G网络的原动力,完善而具有开放性的3G业务平台是3G业务开展的前提。文章对于3G业务平台建设的一些问题进行了探讨,提出了3G业务开展的相关策略。     

IPv6的重要商业应用：3G服务

无论是3GPP的UMTS还是3GPP2的CDMA2000系统．它们的系统架构将是向全IP的方向演进和发展的。语音、数据、多媒体等业务形式的承载是基于IP的；端到端的业务呼叫模型是基于IP的；RAN及CN核心的网络交换和呼叫控制也是基于IP的。而且在3G／B3G的远景规划中，3GPP、3GPP2规范的方向均确定了IPv6是3G／B3G网络承载、业务应用的发展方向。     

浅析3G应用特征及运营商对策

3G业务与应用是目前3G发展的争论焦点,本文参考国外3G业务的发展状况,分析了未来3G业务及其应用的主要特征,并探讨了运营商在现阶段的应对策略。     

简讯

诺基亚预测2010年全球手机用户数将达到30亿；Retailer Euroset预测2005年底俄罗斯的移动渗透率将达到87％；Vodafone日本的3G业务用户数达到了200万；泰国NTC称3G许可证标准将在12月底完成；澳大利亚的第一个视频邮件业务；三星电子向美国高通公司提供制造业务；奥地利萨尔茨保的3G覆盖；法国管制机构削减SMS文本短消息的资费；移动赌博将在明年冲击大众市场；北电：WiMAX将在2008年实现大规模商用；……[编者按]     

未来移动通信业务模型及架构

B3G时代的未来移动通信系统将是一个以用户为中心，提供个性化业务体验的开放融合的信息基础设施，因此面向B3G的业务模型及业务架构的研究对未来移动通信网络建设具有基础性指导作用。基于B3G演进趋势及业务特征，业务参考模型及业务架构可分解为业务支撑范围、业务能力定义和适配特征元素维度的三维业务参考模型，从而形成B3G分层业务架构；相应地，业务提供支撑技术包括虚拟归属环境（VHE）、业务支撑环境、业务能力开放、分布式计算、智能技术、轮廓（Profile）等。VHE体系在结合功能分布、能力开放粒度、智能元素支持、体系结构等方面的研究进行扩展后，将成为B3G时代业务提供的主流架构。     

WCDMA的业务及应用研究

信息通信的发展方向就是无线通信技术和因特网的结合，毫无疑问3G通信技术将作为结合的主要载体。作为3G通信发展的动力，3G业务和应用将决定着3G发展的方向和成败。WCDMA作为3G标准中的主流技术，对3G业务的支持能力更是在其它3G标准之上。本主要阐述了WCDNA业务的特点，并对WCDMA业务可能的应用做了一些研究。     

90%的3G业务可在2G/2.5G里看到

从这次3G峰会可以明显得感觉到,3G的脚步声已越来越近。但普通用户并不关心3G技术如何,而对接触到的3G业务应用感兴趣。关于3G业务,围绕以下三方面展开论述:一是全球正在运营的3G业务,二是对未来移动数据业务的展望,三是介绍NEC相关的部分移动业务解决方案。3G业务将在全球得到     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.