国内外大豆异黄酮研究概况探讨

大豆异黄酮属黄酮类混合物。阐述大豆异黄酮国内外研究现状,大豆异黄酮系列产品,大豆异黄酮的主要功能作用,以期为大豆异黄酮研究提供帮助。     

提高大豆异黄酮活性作用的研究进展

针对大豆异黄酮含量低、活性组分少且吸收利用性差等问题,综述了提高大豆异黄酮活性作用的研究进展。提高大豆异黄酮生理活性作用主要采取促使有益菌群增值,促进大豆异黄酮在体内转化;对大豆异黄酮进行衍生化,提高其溶解性;水解大豆异黄酮糖苷,制备富含苷元产品。     

大豆异黄酮的研究与应用进展

异黄酮是一类具有重要生物活性的化合物,在大豆和大豆制品中含量丰富。 本文综述了大豆异黄酮的组成结构、生理功能和提取工艺,影响异黄酮含量的各种因素:品种、储藏条件、子粒部位、加工方法等,以及大豆异黄酮在保健食品中的应用,分析了目前大豆异黄酮的市场状况,以及我国大豆异黄酮的研究前景。     

豆制品中大豆异黄酮转化与富集的研究进展

大豆异黄酮属于黄酮类化合物,主要分为结合型大豆异黄酮糖苷和游离型大豆异黄酮苷元。游离型大豆异黄酮苷元具有比结合型大豆异黄酮糖苷更高的生理活性,如预防骨质疏松和女性更年期综合症,抗氧化和抗癌抑癌等。大豆异黄酮在食品保健方面应用前景广阔,国内外研究者对大豆异黄酮研究越发深入。该文主要综述豆制品中大豆异黄酮的转化和富集方法,旨在为生产富含大豆异黄酮苷元的功能性豆制品研究提供参考。     

我国大豆异黄酮的市场现状

由于大豆异黄酮具有诸多保健作用，近年来，美国、日本、德国、英国出现了大豆异黄酮热，以大豆异黄酮为主要成分的保健食品已成为一种新型畅销食品，国外市场上含有大豆异黄酮的保健食品达数十种之多，大豆异黄酮的各种制剂，如片剂、口服液、粉剂等异彩纷呈，高纯度的大豆异黄酮已应用于医药产品的开发。美国食品与药品管理局(FDA)早在1996年就已批准大豆异黄酮作为健康食品上市。     

青方腐乳发酵过程中大豆异黄酮的转化研究

本文比较了青方、红方、白方和低盐红腐乳中大豆异黄酮组成和含量差异,并对青方腐乳发酵过程中大豆异黄酮含量和构型变化规律进行研究。结果表明,四种类型腐乳中大豆异黄酮基本以苷元形式存在,青方腐乳大豆异黄酮含量明显低于其他类型腐乳,仅为红方腐乳的33.01%,从单一异黄酮来看,大豆苷元和染料木素在四种类型腐乳中的含量明显高于黄豆黄素;青方腐乳发酵过程中大豆异黄酮转化研究发现,白坯中大豆异黄酮以糖苷型为主,染料木苷含量高于大豆苷和黄豆黄苷,前酵过程中糖苷型大豆异黄酮转化为苷元型大豆异黄酮,盐腌过程中糖苷型大豆异黄酮含量有轻微降低,发酵过程中苷元型大豆异黄酮总量在后酵前30 d显著下降,其中大豆苷元可能部分转化为雌马酚,导致青方腐乳大豆异黄酮含量明显低于其他类型腐乳,对其转化物质需进一步鉴定。     

大豆异黄酮的特性及其应用前景展望

目的：为开拓大豆异黄酮新的研究空间和研究领域,起抛砖引玉的作用。方法：通过查阅、引用文献和拓展思维,综述了大豆异黄酮的研究现状与应用展望。结果：本文较系统地介绍了大豆异黄酮的种类、分布及特性,概述了大豆异黄酮的生理活性,以及国内外的研究进展,展望了其应用开发前景。结论：随着大豆异黄酮研究工作的不断深入,大豆异黄酮将显现出越来越多的研究空间和应用价值。     

大豆异黄酮糖苷和苷元免疫功能研究

用大豆异黄酮糖苷和大豆异黄酮苷元喂养小鼠后,其鸡红细胞作免疫原的溶血素光密度值比在相同环境下空白对照组明显增加,这表明大豆异黄酮糖苷和苷元都能有效提高小鼠体液免疫功能;同时发现小鼠对大豆异黄酮苷元吸收效果强于大豆异黄酮糖苷,说明大豆异黄酮苷元免疫功能优于大豆异黄酮糖苷。     

大豆异黄酮及其生理功能研究进展

综述了近年大豆异黄酮研究进展。对有关大豆及大豆食品中异黄酮含量的一些研究报告分析表明,大豆及大豆食品中的异黄酮主要为染料木黄酮,其次是大豆苷原,大豆黄素的含量相当少。加工条件对大豆食品中异黄酮的存在形式有很大影响。动物实验、临床研究以及流行病学调查表明,大豆异黄酮对癌症、动脉硬化症、骨质疏松症以及更年期综合症具有预防甚至治愈作用。     

大豆异黄酮作为大豆溯源特征指标的筛选北大核心CSCD

采用高效液相色谱法对黑龙江省不同产地、不同品种大豆中大豆异黄酮含量进行测定,利用不同品种和产地大豆中大豆异黄酮单体含量的不同对大豆异黄酮溯源特征指标进行筛选。结果表明:同一产地不同品种之间大豆异黄酮单体含量总体差异显著(p<0.05),不同产地不同品种之间大豆异黄酮单体含量总体没有显著差异(p>0.05)。因此,可以利用不同品种大豆中大豆异黄酮单体含量作为对大豆异黄酮溯源特征指标实现品种溯源。     

加热预处理对大豆胚芽风味及其异黄酮存在形式的影响

大豆胚芽含有大量异黄酮化合物,天然异黄酮存在形式主要丙二酰型糖苷,此类异黄酮化合物是大豆胚芽的苦涩、豆腥味的主要呈味物质。研究显示采用加热处理可较大程度地降低大豆胚芽的苦涩味,从而改善胚芽的风味。采用HPLC分析显示,加热处理可使丙二酰型异黄酮糖苷转换为乙酰型糖苷,甚至糖苷化合物,后者的呈味显著低于丙二酰型异黄酮糖苷化合物。     

大豆异黄酮-玉米淀粉复合物制备及其性能研究

采用大豆异黄酮（soy isoflavone,SI）和玉米淀粉（corn starch,CS）复合,通过热溶法制备大豆异黄酮-玉米淀粉（SI-CS）复合物,应用快速黏度分析仪（rapid visco analyser,RVA）、流变仪、质构仪（texture analyzer,TPA）,研究SI-CS复合物糊化特性、流变特性及质构特性的变化规律。以复合物中SI含量为指标,通过单因素结合响应面试验探究SI添加量、加热温度、加热时间对复合物中SI含量的影响。结果表明:SI添加量2.4%、加热温度70℃、加热时间1.0 h时复合物中SI含量为5.04 mg/g。与对照CS相比,SI-CS复合物峰值黏度增加20.39%、崩解值降低70.78%;SI-CS复合物的储能模量（G'）降低,而损耗模量（G"）升高,即弹性降低而黏性升高;SI-CS复合物硬度降低20.22%。     

大豆糖蜜的综合利用

大豆糖蜜是醇法生产大豆浓缩蛋白的副产物,主要成分有糖类、蛋白质、异黄酮和皂苷等.介绍了大豆糖蜜的综合利用:即从大豆糖蜜中提取异黄酮、皂苷和大豆低聚糖等的研究进展;利用大豆糖蜜作发酵底物的应用和研究进展,以及大豆糖蜜的其他应用.     

大豆异黄酮的功能

简要介绍了第四次大豆与成人病防治国际学术研讨会的中心论题,较详尽的阐明了东方饮食精华-大豆食品及大豆异黄酮在骨质疏松等成人病防治中的作用。     

不同大豆制品中大豆异黄酮含量的比较研究

大豆异黄酮是一类具有重要生物活性的化合物,在大豆及其制品中含量丰富。本实验采用乙醇热回流提取法研究大豆及其制品中异黄酮含量。结果表明:样品加标回收率大于99%,说明该方法适用于大豆样品异黄酮含量的测定;大豆及其制品中异黄酮含量的大小顺序依次为:大豆>豆浆>豆腐脑>卤水豆腐>腐竹>白豆干>豆腐皮>油豆腐>脆豆皮,表明加工工艺会影响大豆异黄酮的含量。     

Long time exposure to soy/isoflavone-rich diet enhances testicular and prostate health in Long-Evans rats

Soy isoflavone consumption appears to be beneficial for several health parameters. We report the influence of (lifelong exposure to) a high soy/isoflavone (High-Iso) compared to a low soy/isoflavone (Low-Iso) diet on body weight (BW), white adipose tissue (WAT) deposition, prostate weight (PW), testicular weight (TW), and testosterone levels in young adult male Long-Evans rats. WAT deposition and the WAT/BW ratios were significantly less in High-Iso vs. the Low-Iso fed animals. TW and TW/BW ratios were significantly greater in High-Iso vs. Low-Iso fed animals. Sertoli cell area, seminiferous tubule lumens and seminiferous tubule areas were significantly greater in High-Iso vs. Low-Iso animals. These data suggest that consumption of a soy diet high in isoflavone/polyphenolic molecules from conception appear to be beneficial in decreasing PW and WAT deposition while increasing TW, Sertoli cell area and seminiferous tubule volume.     

Higher bioavailability of isoflavones after a single ingestion of aglycone-rich fermented soybeans compared with glucoside-rich non-fermented soybeans in Japanese postmenopausal women

BACKGROUND: There have been conflicting study results concerning how the food matrix affects the bioavailability of isoflavone aglycone and glucoside. In this study the bioavailability of isoflavones after a single ingestion of aglycone‐rich fermented soybeans (Fsoy) and glucoside‐rich non‐fermented soybeans (Soy) was compared. Eleven healthy postmenopausal Japanese women were recruited for a randomised, double‐blind, crossover trial and consumed Fsoy or Soy powder dissolved in hot water. Blood samples were collected 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h and urine samples from 0 to 48 h after ingestion of the powders. The Fsoy and Soy powders ingested had the same total isoflavone content (95 µmol), but the former was rich in aglycone (90.6 µmol) while the latter was rich in glucoside (81.9 µmol). RESULTS: Serum concentrations of total isoflavones after 1–4 h were significantly higher in the Fsoy group than in the Soy group. The Fsoy group showed significantly higher maximum concentration (Cmax: 2.79 ± 0.13 vs 1.74 ± 0.13 µmol L^?1) and area under the curve (AUC_{0–24 h}: 23.78 ± 2.41 vs 19.95 ± 2.03 µmol day L^?1) and lower maximum concentration time (Tmax: 1.00 ± 0.00 vs 5.00 ± 0.67 h) compared with the Soy group. The cumulative urinary excretion of total isoflavones after 2 h was significantly higher in the Fsoy group than in the Soy group. Individual isoflavones (daidzein, genistein and glycitein) showed similar trends to total isoflavones. Equol (a metabolite from daidzein) did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrated that the isoflavones of aglycone‐rich Fsoy were absorbed faster and in greater amounts than those of glucoside‐rich Soy in postmenopausal Japanese women. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT AND GRAIN GERMINATION ON THE ISOFLAVONE PROFILE OF SOY MILK

Soy foods have attracted much attention for their possible effects on human health because of their phytochemical content, mainly isoflavones. Twelve forms of isoflavones have been identified in soybeans and soy products. Technological processes like heat treatment or fermentation can change the isoflavone profile of soy products. In this study, the effects of heat treatment and grain germination on isoflavone profile of soy milk prepared from BRS 213 soybean variety were evaluated. Isoflavone forms were separated and quantified by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. Heat treatment by autoclaving for 5 min did not affect the total isoflavone content, but led to a 90% decrease in malonyl forms, whereas β‐glycosides increased by 70%. Autoclaving for 15 min led to a 20% loss of total isoflavones. Germination for 3 days did not change the total isoflavone content, but changed the distribution profile (15% increase of malonyl forms and 30% decrease of β‐glycosides). Germination for 7 days increased the bioavailability of aglycone isoflavones in soy milk by seven times.