基于有限元法的飞机蒙皮裂纹加强补片优化设计

胶接增强修复补片的可设计性是胶接技术的优点之一,科学设计飞机结构损伤部位的增强补片是保证修补效果的重要因素。本文利用 ANSYS 软件对飞机2024蒙皮裂纹复合材料增强补片进行三维有限元建模与仿真计算,计算了复合材料单级补片和多级补片边缘胶层最大剪应力,给出了飞机2024蒙皮裂纹单侧修补时的补片优化设计参数。计算表明,用复合材料增强修补铝合金蒙皮裂纹时,补片应设计成多级形式;当补片级数超过5级时,补片边缘的胶层剪应力显著减小,与单级补片相比,其最大剪应力下降了85%。     

残余热应力对复合材料双面胶接含裂纹铝合金板修复结构疲劳寿命的影响

为研究残余热应力对复合材料双面胶接修复损伤金属结构疲劳寿命的影响,利用T300/E51复合材料补片对含中心裂纹的LY12CZ铝合金板进行双面胶接修复,研究了修复结构的疲劳寿命,并通过断口分析反推出了疲劳裂纹的扩展情况;利用Abaqus软件建立了考虑残余热应力的修复结构的三维有限元模型,分别计算了应力强度因子随裂纹长度的变化关系,并利用二次多项式拟合得到了应力强度因子幅值与裂纹长度的关系式;最后,利用Pairs公式材料常数修正法,对修复结构的疲劳寿命进行了预测。结果表明:在相同的疲劳载荷条件下,裂纹板修复结构的疲劳寿命约为未修复裂纹板的23倍;残余热应力会增加裂纹尖端的应力强度因子;有限元模拟的裂纹板修复结构的疲劳寿命与试验结果吻合较好,相对误差为3.7%。     

T型焊接接头表面裂纹应力强度因子影响因素研究

针对T型焊接结构中出现的疲劳断裂现象,采用扩展有限元法计算裂纹尖端应力强度因子,分析其受裂纹参数、载荷、结构参数影响的变化规律。计算结果表明:随着裂纹尺寸的增大,裂纹尖端应力强度因子呈发散状态增大;弯曲载荷变化引起裂纹尖端应力强度因子的变化程度大于拉伸载荷;裂纹尖端应力强度因子与结构参数呈线性关系。     

复合材料胶接修补技术的实验研究

通过静强度和疲劳寿命对比试验,证实了在含裂纹的铝合金的裂纹部位,胶接碳／环氧复合材料补片的修理方法的可行性和有效性。实验结果表明,裂纹板经胶接修补后,其静强度和疲劳寿命均有显著的提高,这为实际结构的胶接修补工作积累了可靠的实验数据。     

复合材料层间增韧机理的有限元分析

在复合材料层间植入韧性夹层,可以有效提高层间韧性,其增韧机理在于夹层可以有效降低纤维层对裂纹尖端的约束,并降低裂纹尖端应力.文中建立层间裂纹的有限元模型,采用数值分析方法,分别计算加入夹层前后裂纹尖端的J积分值、应力强度因子以及裂纹尖端的应力场.计算结果表明,加入夹层后Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型层间裂纹尖端的J积分、应力强度因子和裂尖应力场均显著降低,并指出在夹层和相邻纤维层间界面附近出现的高应力区是造成界面失效的一个原因.     

T形焊接接头根部裂纹应力强度因子研究

建立T形焊接接头根部裂纹的半椭圆裂纹模型,定义裂纹模型的构形参数以及边界条件,分析裂纹尖端的应力强度因子。采用奇异单元法,通过有限元计算,模拟裂纹尖端的应力奇异性。并通过收敛性检验确定裂纹尖端的单元尺寸。在此基础上,计算裂纹尖端量纲一应力强度因子,并分析其受几何参数影响的变化规律。计算结果表明,对于给定的载荷条件下,不同初始裂纹尺寸时,裂纹尖端的应力强度因子存在一定的规律性,且不同几何参数对应力强度因子的影响程度存在一定差异,因此,对焊接结构疲劳强度研究时需要有一定的侧重点。采用多重线性回归方法拟合仿真计算结果,这些结果为进一步研究T形焊接接头根部裂纹扩展和疲劳寿命预测提供参考。     

用有限元确定起重机裂纹补强板的参数

采用ANSYS有限元分析软件，对因出现裂纹的起重机主梁而添加的补强板进行系列计算，得出修补后主梁裂纹的应力及应力强度因子的变化规律。结果表明，采用参数适当的补强板，可降低起重机主梁裂纹尖端的应力，从而保证起重机的安全。     

复合材料修补结构疲劳寿命分析方法研究

结合工艺方法,研究典型缺陷损伤的修理方法,针对复合材料修补结构应力分布复杂的特点,在剩余强度衰减模型的基础上引入局部应力应变法的分析思想,建立起复合材料修补结构的疲劳寿命预测模型。通过建立修补结构的力学分析模型,在分析了修补结构的危险部位和应力集中的基础上,利用寿命预测模型,分析和讨论补片直径和补片厚度两个修补参数对修补结构疲劳寿命的影响规律。     

激光冲击对金属板料裂纹的影响模型

研究了含有裂纹的金属板料在激光冲击波载荷作用下裂纹尖端应力强度因子和裂纹扩展速度的变化,利用断裂力学理论,对激光冲击加载下裂尖参数计算模型进行优化,采用应力强度因子叠加法,将外加载荷引起的应力强度因子和激光冲击后残留的残余压应力引起的应力强度因子叠加,推导出下裂纹尖端应力场强度因子表达式,由此可精确计算出金属板料的裂纹萌生寿命和裂纹扩展速度,实验验证了航空钛合金Ti6Al4V激光冲击后残余应力对裂纹扩展速度的影响,从而建立了激光冲击作用对板料裂纹扩展的影响的理论模型。     

厚壁筒双轴向表面裂纹尖端应力强度因子影响因素的研究

在现有文献对平面结构任意分布多裂纹间相互作用影响因素及厚壁筒轴向表面单裂纹尖端应力强度因子分析的基础上,提出了包含裂纹尖端应力强度因子影响因素的厚壁筒双轴向表面裂纹尖端应力强度因子公式.根据有限元方法,利用ANSYS软件对不同厚壁筒壁厚比、不同裂纹深度比及不同裂纹夹角情况下双轴向表面裂纹尖端应力强度因子进行了计算,分析...     

计算平面Ⅰ、Ⅱ型复合应力强度因子的半权函数法

给出计算一般平面裂纹问题应力强度因子的半权函数方法。该方法引入两个满足裂纹面零应力条件、平衡方程以及裂尖位移具有r^-1/2奇异性的虚拟位移与应力函数的解析表达式，即半权函数。从功能互等定理出发，结合从裂纹下缘到上缘绕裂尖任意路径的位移与应力的近似值，得到Ⅰ、Ⅱ复合型应力强度因子KⅠ和KⅡ积分形式的表达式。由于在积分中避开了裂尖的奇异性，因此即使采用较粗糙的模型或方法得到的近似值，也可以得到精度较高的KⅠ、KⅡ。相对于权函数法，本方法的限制条件较少，半权函数易于获得，实用性强；相对于有限元法计算量小，模型建立简便。     

带有两个共线裂纹载流薄板的温度场及热应力强度因子

采用复变函数的方法,给出带有两个等长度共线穿透裂纹的无限大载流薄板在瞬间电流作用下,裂纹尖端附近产生的温度场的表达式,得到温度在裂纹尖端的奇异特征.在通入垂直于裂纹的均匀电流作用下,由于裂纹的存在,裂纹尖端出现绕流现象,产生焦耳热,瞬时高温形成点热源.通过点热源在金属薄板内形成的温度场,可以导出裂纹尖端产生的热应力强度因子表达式.将其与外载荷产生的应力强度因子叠加,可建立通电状态下的断裂判据.算例分析表明,点热源在裂纹尖端附近产生的热应力强度因子为负值,可以部分抵消无穷远处施加的拉应力产生的应力强度因子的作用,进而达到止裂的目的.文中建立带有两个等长度共线穿透裂纹载流薄板的热应力强度因子的概念.其研究结果对工程结构实施电磁热效应裂纹止裂具有理论意义和实用价值.     

The singular stress field and stress intensity factors of a crack terminating at a bimaterial interface

For the fracture evaluation of inclined cracks terminating at the dissimilar material interface, not only the singularities, but also the detailed stress field and its stress intensity factors are necessary. However, though there are many researches reported on the singularity analysis, the stress field and its stress intensity factors are still not clear. This paper has deduced theoretically the singular stress and displacement fields near the tip of a crack terminating at the interface between bonded dissimilar materials, for both cases of real and oscillatory singularities. From the deduced singular stress field, the stress intensity factors are defined for such a crack, and the corresponding numerical extrapolation methods are also proposed. Through the numerical examinations, it is found that the theoretical stress distributions agree well with the numerical results obtained by the finite element method. Moreover, the proposed extrapolation method shows a good linearity, thus it can be used as an efficient way to determine the characteristics of the stress and displacement fields near the tip of a crack terminating at interface.     

含埋藏椭圆型裂纹的构件脉冲放电瞬间的耦合场分析

采用数值分析的方法,对含三维埋藏椭圆型裂纹的构件放电瞬间的耦合场进行分析。计算脉冲放电瞬间椭圆形裂纹尖端附近的温度场和等效应力场的分布状态;并通过改变模型尺寸的模拟分析影响放电参数的主要因素。计算结果表明,由于电流绕流产生的焦耳热源的作用,裂纹尖端处温度瞬时急剧升高,但沿椭圆形裂纹尖端的温度值并不相同,最大值发生在长轴附近,只要放电电流的强度足够大,可以使椭圆环形裂尖均熔化形成焊口,并围绕环形裂纹尖端附近产生很大的热压应力场,可有效地遏制裂纹的扩展;在相同放电电流强度下,对椭圆裂纹尖端温度影响较大的是裂纹的绝对尺寸和椭圆长短轴的相对尺寸。在研究过程中分成热一电耦合和热一应力耦合两个过程,综合考虑材料非线性、状态变化非线性和几何非线性,结果比较符合实际。     

Optimisation Method for Determination of Crack Tip Position Based on Gauss-Newton Iterative Technique

In the digital image correlation research of fatigue crack growth rate,the accuracy of the crack tip position determines the accuracy of the calculation of the stress intensity factor,thereby affecting the life prediction.This paper proposes a Gauss-Newton iteration method for solving the crack tip position.The conventional linear fitting method provides an iterative initial solution for this method,and the preconditioned conjugate gradient method is used to solve the ill-conditioned matrix.A noise-added artificial displacement field is used to verify the feasibility of the method,which shows that all parameters can be solved with satisfactory results.The actual stress intensity factor solution case shows that the stress intensity factor value obtained by the method in this paper is very close to the finite element result,and the relative error between the two is only-0.621％;The Williams coefficient obtained by this method can also better define the contour of the plastic zone at the crack tip,and the maximum relative error with the test plastic zone area is-11.29％.The relative error between the contour of the plastic zone defined by the conventional method and the area of the experimental plastic zone reached a maximum of 26.05％.The crack tip coordinates,stress intensity factors,and plastic zone contour changes in the loading and unloading phases are explored.The results show that the crack tip change during the loading process is faster than the change during the unloading process;the stress intensity factor during the unloading process under the same load condition is larger than that during the loading process;under the same load,the theoretical plastic zone during the unloading process is higher than that during the loading process.     

Characterization of fracture behavior in repaired skin/stiffener structure with an inclined central crack

Finite element analysis for the stress intensity factor (SIF) at the skin/stiffener structure with inclined central crack repaired by composite stiffened panels is developed. A numerical investigation was conducted to characterize the fracture behavior and crack growth behavior at the inclined crack. In order to investigate the crack growth direction, maximum tangential stress (MTS) criterion are used. Also, this paper is to study the performance of the effective bonded composite patch repair of a plate containing an inclined central through-crack. The main objective of this research is the validation of the inclined crack patching design. In this paper, the reduction of stress intensity factors at the crack-tip and prediction of crack growth direction are determined to evaluate the effects of various non-dimensional design parameter, including; composite patch thickness and stiffener distance. We report, the results of finite element analysis on the stiffener locations and crack slant angles and discuss them in this paper. The research on cracked structure subjected to mixed mode loading is accomplished and concludes that more work using a different approaches is necessary. The authors hope the present study will aid those who are responsible for the repair of damaged aircraft structures and also provide general repair guidelines.     

复合结构圆柱钱币裂纹的应力强度因子

利用裂纹张开能量释放率建立一个求解复合圆柱钱币裂纹应力强度因子的方法。给出G^*-积分在三维裂纹裂尖边缘近场的应力强度因子表征，G^*-积分与载荷、几何参量以及力学性能参数的关系，进而得到复合圆柱钱币裂纹的应力强度因子。研究表明该积分法用于分析计算有限边界三维裂纹问题，过程极为简单。     

电磁热效应止裂效果与电流通路尺寸关系的研究

从理论、试验和数值模拟三方面研究利用电磁热效应技术对具有单边裂纹的导体进行止裂时，由于裂纹尺寸不同使得导体中电流通路尺寸不同，从而导致裂纹尖端的温度场、温度梯度场分布状态的不同。理论分析、试验研究和数值模拟结果均表明：由于电流产生的焦耳热源的作用，能够在裂纹尖端处很小的范畴内熔化形成焊口，遏制裂纹的扩展；导体中裂纹的长度（即导体中电流通路尺寸）是影响裂纹尖端温度场和温度梯度场的主要因素。     

脆性基体复合材料裂尖邻域夹杂-基体界面脱粘发展的数值模拟

夹杂-基体界面脱粘是脆性基体复合材料在拉伸载荷下的主要损伤机制之一.同时,材料内部裂纹尖端附近区域因应力集中,往往具有相对较高的损伤可能性.文中提出一种以一类包含"非均匀相"的解析胞元为基础的数值方法,以考察脆性基体复合材料内部裂尖临域夹杂脱粘的发展以及此过程中应力强度因子的变化.该方法分别应用含夹杂与含裂尖的解析胞元,以精确描述夹杂-基体界面与裂纹尖端附近的高梯度场函数,并利用Weibull概率函数控制加载过程中夹杂脱粘的发生.应用此方法可方便地建立复合材料内部裂尖附近细观结构的有限元模型,预测各夹杂依次发生脱粘的过程,并获得夹杂脱粘概率与裂纹场应力强度因子随载荷的发展规律.根据模拟结果,详细讨论材料各方面性质对于裂尖附近区域力学行为的影响.     

Hybrid determination of mixed-mode stress intensity factors on discontinuous finite-width plate by finite element and photoelasticity

For isotropic material structure, the stress in the vicinity of crack tip is generally much higher than the stress far away from it. This phenomenon usually leads to stress concentration and fracture of structure. Previous researches and studies show that the stress intensity factor is one of most important parameter for crack growth and propagation. This paper provides a convenient numerical method, which is called hybrid photoelasticity method, to accurately determine the stress field distribution in the vicinity of crack tip and mixed-mode stress intensity factors. The model was simulated by finite element method and isochromatic data along straight lines far away from the crack tip were calculated. By using the isochromatic data obtained from finite element method and a conformal mapping procedure, stress components and photoelastic fringes in the hybrid region were calculated. To easily compare calculated photoelastic fringes with experiment results, the fringe patterns were reconstructed, doubled and sharpened. Good agreement shows that the method presented in this paper is reliable and convenient. This method can then directly be applied to obtain mixed mode stress intensity factors from the experimentally measured isochromatic data along the straight lines.