A Damage-tolerant Bulk Metallic Glass at Liquid-nitrogen Temperature

Tensile tests and notch toughness tests were conducted on Zr61Ti2Cu25Al12 glass （ZT） at room temperature and liquid-nitrogen temperature. The tensile strength of ZT was improved from 1.63 GPa at room temperature to 1.72 GPa at liquid-nitrogen temperature. Micro-notches with a root radius of 1-3μm were introduced to test the notch toughness of ZT at room temperature and liquid-nitrogen temperature. The test results revealed that the notch toughness of ZT at liquid-nitrogen temperature is comparable to that of ZT at room temperature. The combination of high yield strength and notch toughness of ZT at liquid-nitrogen temperature is comparable to that of the best cryogenic engineering materials.     

Nanostructured Composite Materials with Improved Deformation Behavior

The recent progress in the development of nanostructured composites is described for Zr‐base multicomponent alloys as a typical example for such materials. These advanced composite materials are attractive candidates for structural as well as functional applications. The combination of high strength with high elastic strain of fully nanocrystalline and glassy alloys renders them quite unique in comparison to conventional (micro‐)crystalline materials. However, one major drawback for their use in engineering applications is the often limited macroscopic plastic deformability, despite the fact that some of these alloys show perfectly elastic‐plastic deformation behavior. To improve the room temperature ductility of either fully nanocrystalline or amorphous alloys, the concept of developing a heterogeneous microstructure combining a glassy or nanostructured matrix with second‐phase particles with a different length‐scale, has recently been employed. This review describes the composition dependent metastable phase formation in the Zr‐(Ti/Nb)‐Cu‐Ni‐Al alloy system, which in turn alters the mechanical properties of the alloys. We emphasize the possibilities to manipulate such composite microstructures in favor of either strength or ductility, or a combination of both, and also discuss the acquired ability to synthesize such in‐situ high‐strength composite microstructures in bulk form through inexpensive processing routes.     

Composition and size dependent torsion fracture of metallic glasses

The fracture of metallic glasses(MGs)of different compositions and sizes down to micrometers under torsion loading were systematically investigated.Contrary to the flat shear fracture along the circumfer-ential plane as commonly supposed under torsion,we find that the torsion fracture of metallic glasses can deviate from flat shear plane,and the fracture angle is closely dependent on the composition and the size of MG samples.With a conversion method,we show that the torsion fracture of both millimeter-and micrometer-sized MGs can be described by the ellipse fracture criterion as originally proposed for the tension fracture.The deviation from the circumferential shear plane under torsion is further shown to intrinsically relate to the fracture toughness of MGs.The tougher MG tends to have a smaller fracture angle with respect to the maximum shear plane,and vice versa,indicating a correlation between the fracture toughness and pressure/normal stress sensitivity in MGs.Our results provide new insights on the fracture mechanism and are helpful to design and control the deformation and fracture behavior of MGs under torsion loading.     

红外透波材料的发展现状与展望

本文介绍了红外透波材料的特点，制备工艺和应用。着重比较了一些晶体红外材料和非晶体红外材料的光学性能和机械性能，并讨论了红外材料的镀膜技术，指出镀膜的ZnSe晶体和硫系玻璃将会成为未来红外热成像系统光学零件和红外窗口的候选材料。     

Microstructure Evolution of Zr50Cu18Ni17Al10Ti5 Bulk Metallic Glass during Cold-rolling

Zr50Cu18Ni17Al10Ti5 bulk metallic glass has been rolled at room temperature up to 95% in thickness reduction, and the dependence of microstructure on the strain was investigated. With increasing thickness reduction, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) and crystallization enthalpy decrease gradually till 80%, and then increase evidently at 95%. It is revealed that the reversible transition between the ordered and disordered atomic configurations was found in the metallic glass as the deformation proceeds, which is further verified by the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images. The final microstructure in metallic glass during cold-rolling is the net result of two competing processes between shear-induced disordering and diffusion controlled reordering.     

The fracture of bulk metallic glasses

The fracture of metallic glasses has received relatively little attention until recently. The development of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) with more compositions, large sample sizes and diverse fracture behaviors provides a series of ideal model systems for the study of fracture in glassy materials. The fracture toughness of different BMGs varies significantly from approaching ideally brittle to the highest known damage tolerance. Diverse fracture patterns on the fracture surface, fracture modes and dynamic propagation of cracks have been observed in different BMGs. In this review paper, we present a comprehensive view of the state-of-the-art research on various aspects of the fracture of BMGs, including fracture behavior and characteristics, fracture mode, fracture criterion, fracture toughness, and fracture morphology. Accumulated experimental data on BMG fracture are presented and their possible theoretical connections with continuum fracture mechanics and the atomic-scale process are introduced and discussed. Modeling studies of the fracture of BMGs by various computational methods are also reviewed. The review also presents a number of perspectives, including the relation of BMG fracture study to other topics, and unsolved issues for future investigation.     

Superconducting state parameters of binary metallic glasses

Ashcroft’s empty core (EMC) model potential is used to study the superconducting state parameters (SSP) viz. electron–phonon coupling strength λ, Coulomb pseudopotential μ^*, transition temperature T_C, isotope effect exponent and effective interaction strength N₀V of some binary metallic glasses based on the superconducting (S), conditional superconducting (S′) and non-superconducting (NS) elements of the periodic table. Five local field correction functions proposed by Hartree (H), Taylor (T), Ichimaru–Utsumi (IU), Farid et al. (F) and Sarkar et al. (S) are used for the first time with EMC potential in the present investigation to study the screening influence on the aforesaid properties. The T_C obtained from IU-local field correction function are found an excellent agreement with available theoretical or experimental data. In the present computation, the use of pseudo-alloy-atom model (PAA) is proposed and found successful. The present work yield results in qualitative agreement with such earlier reported values either theoretical or experimental which confirm the superconducting phase in all metallic glasses. A strong dependency of the SSP of the metallic glasses on the valence Z is found.     

Study of Superconducting State Parameters of Binary Metallic Glasses by Pseudopotential Method

The theoretical calculation of the superconducting state properties (SSP) viz electron–phonon coupling strength λ, Coulomb pseudopotential μ ^*, transition temperature T _C , isotope effect exponent α and effective interaction strength N _O V of 50 binary metallic glasses of simple, non-simple, and transition metals have been carried out using a well-recognized model potential. We have employed here five different types of local field correction functions proposed by Hartree (H), Taylor (T), Ichimaru–Utsumi (IU), Farid et al. (F), and Sarkar et al. (S) to study the exchange and correlation effects on the present investigations. Instead of using Vegard’s law, a pseudo-alloy-atom model (PAA) in the present investigation is proposed and found successful. The present results of the SSP are found to be in qualitative agreement with other such earlier reported data wherever they exist, which confirms the superconducting phase in the metallic glasses.     

The metastable constituent effects on size-dependent deformation behavior of nanolaminated micropillars: Cu/FeCoCrNi vs Cu/CuZr

Metastable high entropy alloys(HEAs) and amorphous metallic glasses(MGs), with the chemical disordered character, are intensively studied due to their excellent performance. Here, we introduce Cu to separately constrain these two metastable materials and comparatively investigate their deformation behaviors and mechanical properties of Cu/HEA Fe Co Cr Ni and Cu/MG Cu Zr nanolaminated micropillars in terms of intrinsic layer thickness h and extrinsic pillar diameter D. The metastable HEA layers, as the hard phase in Cu/HEA micropillars, are stable and dominate the deformation, while transformation(crystallization) occurs in MG which plays a minor role in deformation of Cu/MG micropillars. The h-controlled deformation mode transits from the D-independent homogenous-like deformation at large h to the Ddependent shear banding at small h in both Cu/HEA and Cu/MG micropillars. Although both Cu/HEA and Cu/MG micropillars exhibit a maximum strain hardening capability controlled by h, the former manifests much lower hardening capability compared with the latter. The intrinsic size h and extrinsic size D have a strong coupling effect on the strength of Cu/HEA and Cu/MG micropillars. The strength of strength of Cu/HEA micropillars exhibits the D-dependent transition from "smaller is stronger" to "smaller is weaker"with increasing h. By contrast, the strength of Cu/MG micropillars exhibits the transition from bulk-like D-independent behavior at large h to small volume D-dependent behavior(smaller is stronger) at small h.     

超微细粉末材料的发展

超微细粉末材料因具有独特的结构和物理、力学性质而受到人们的关注。本文综合评述了超微细粉末制备技术的发展和超微细粉末材料物理、力学性质方面的研究成果，展望了这种材料在舰船及其它工业技术领域的应用前景。     

Electronic structure of Cu100−xZrx (x = 40, 50, 60) metallic glasses

The electronic structure of Cu_100−xZr_x (x = 40, 50, 60) metallic glasses was investigated by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, the valence band spectra of these alloys were analyzed by a large shift of the Cu d-band peaks to higher binding energies upon increasing Cu content. Photoemission experiments and first-principles calculations prove that the values of density of states at Fermi level of Cu_100−xZr_x metallic glasses are mainly dominated by Zr rather than Cu. This work will enlighten further research on understanding the inheritance of metallic glasses and designing new metallic glasses with unique properties.     

Fabrication of tungsten-based metallic glasses by low purity industrial raw materials

Quaternary W₃₀Fe₃₈B_32−xC_x (x = 5, 7, 10, 13, 15 at.%) alloys have been investigated by melt-spinning method to produce metallic glasses using low purity industrial raw materials. The phase structure of these ribbons is investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The thermal stabilities of W₃₀Fe₃₈B_32−xC_x (x = 5, 7, 10, 13, 15 at.%) alloys are analyzed by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). It is found that W₃₀Fe₃₈B₂₂C₁₀ metallic glass with 45 μm in thickness and 2 mm width can be successfully fabricated. And other alloys with the same thickness and width as W₃₀Fe₃₈B₂₂C₁₀ alloy are observed with some crystalline peaks on the halo patterns. The DSC measurements show that each alloy undergoes a two-step crystallization with the onset temperature of the first crystallization being as high as 984-1067 K. Vickers hardness and density values of W₃₀Fe₃₈B_32−xC_x (x = 7, 10, 13, 15 at.%) alloys at room temperature are 11.9-12.8 GPa and 14.5 g/cm³ at least, respectively. The effect of C addition on GFA in the W-Fe-B alloy system is discussed.     

Magnetic properties of metallic glass Fe39Ni39Mo4Si6B12

Magnetic metallic glass Fe₃₉Ni₃₉Mo₄Si₆B₁₂ has been studied by the⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. Mössbauer spectra consist of broad and overlapping six-line pattern below the Curie temperature. The Curie and crystallization temperatures of this metallic glass have been determined to be 575 ± 3 K and 725 ± 3 K, respectively. The hyperfine magnetic field at room temperature is approximately 225 kOe. The reduced hyperfine fields of this sample decrease much faster than that observed for other iron-rich metallic glasses like Fe₄₀Ni₄₀B₂₀, Fe₈₀B₂₀ etc. This behaviour is attributed to the presence of molybdenum atoms in the sample.