Preparation and modification of macroporous epoxy‐triethylenetetramine resin for preconcentration and removal of Hg(II) in aqueous solution

A novel macroporous resin was prepared from epoxy resin and triethylenetetramine through a polymerization with phase separation. In this experiment, the polyethylene glycol (PEG‐1000) plays a very important part. It was used as solvent, as phase‐separation reagent in the preparation processes, and as the pore‐forming reagent through removing PEG‐1000 from polymer by water‐cleaning process after completing polymerization. The prepared resin was modified by carbon bisulfide and soaked in 1 mol L^?1 NaOH. Its structure was characterized by Fourier transform‐infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy, and elemental analysis. The adsorption characteristic of the chelating resin was studied by series of experiments. The results show that the chelating resin possesses excellent adsorption characteristic toward trace Hg(II). The recovery can come to 100% when the concentration of Hg(II) is only 0.05 ppm, and the average maximum adsorption capacity of the chelating resin for Hg(II) is 122 mg g^?1. The precision (relative standard deviation) for six replicate adsorbent extraction of 0.01 μg mL^?1 Hg(II) was 1.1%. The accuracy of the proposed procedure was verified by analyzing a standard reference material. Moreover, the chelating resin was applied to two natural samples and also got satisfactory results. That is to say, the chelating resin modified by carbon bisulfide exhibits a high chelating ability toward Hg(II) and can be used as adsorbent for preconcentration and removal of trace Hg(II) in aqueous solution. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102:2372–2378, 2006     

Formation of macroporous organic‐inorganic polymer hybrids using tea extract

Macroporous organic–inorganic polymer hybrids were prepared from poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), and inorganic alkoxides. To a reaction mixture of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and tetramethoxysilane, extract from tea leafs and HCl aqueous solution in methanol were added. The resulting mixture was constantly stirred at room temperature for 1 h and heated at 60°C for two weeks. Consequently, the corresponding polymer hybrid became a macroporous material having a pore size from 3.26 to 20.86 μm. We succeeded in finding that the pruned tea leafs were able to utilize the synthesis of novel macroporous materials. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Oxidation of hydroquinone to p‐benzoquinone catalyzed by Cu(II) supported on chitosan flakes

Copper (sorbed on chitosan flakes) was used as a catalyst for the oxidation of hydroquinone, with dioxygen (from air) and hydrogen peroxide as oxidizing agents. The supported catalyst was very efficient at oxidizing hydroquinone into p‐benzoquinone. With hydrogen peroxide at pH 5.8, drastic oxidizing conditions led to the formation of subproducts. With a short contact time, together with the use of a low hydrogen peroxide concentration and a small amount of the catalyst, the formation of subproducts could be minimized. The influence of the catalyst/substrate and hydrogen peroxide/substrate ratios was investigated to determine optimum experimental conditions for a high initial oxidation rate and a high production of p‐benzoquinone. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3034–3043, 2006     

Syntheses and characterization of polystyrene‐supported 2,5‐dimercapto‐1,3,4‐thiodiazole and its sorption behavior for Pd(II), Pt(IV), and Au(III)

A type of chelating resin crosslinking polystyrene‐supported 2,5‐dimercapto‐1,3,4‐thiodiazole (also called bismuththiol I, BMT), containing sulfur and nitrogen atoms, was prepared. The structure of PS‐BMT was confirmed by FTIR, elemental analysis, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Adsorption of Pd(II), Pt(IV), and Au(III) was investigated. The capacity of PS‐BMT to adsorb Pd(II) and Pt(IV) was 0.190 and 0.033 mmol/g, respectively. The adsorption dynamics of Pd(II) showed that adsorption was controlled by liquid film diffusion and that the apparent activation energy, E_a, was 32.67 kJ/mol. The Langmuir model was better than the Freundlich model in describing the isothermal process of Pd(II), and the ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS values calculated were ?0.33 kJ/mol, 26.29 kJ/mol, and 87.95 J mol^?1 K^?1, respectively. The mechanisms of adsorption of Pd(II), Pt(IV), and Au(III) were confirmed by XPS. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 631–637, 2006     

Syntheses and adsorption properties for Hg2+ of chelating resin of crosslinked polystyrene‐supported 2,5‐dimercapto‐1,3,4‐thiodiazole

A novel chelating resin with functional group containing S and N atoms was prepared using chloromethylated polystyrene and 2,5‐dimercapto‐1,3,4‐thiodiazole (also called bismuththiol I, BMT) as materials. Its structure was characterized by infrared spectra and elementary analysis. The results showed that the content of the functional group was 2.07 mmol BMT g^?1 resin, 47% of which were in the form of monosubstitution (PS‐BMT‐1) and 53% in the form of double substitution (PS‐BMT‐2). The adsorption for mercury ion was investigated. The adsorption dynamics showed that the adsorption was controlled by liquid film diffusion. Increasing the temperature was beneficial to adsorption. The Langmuir model was much better than the Freundlich model to describe the isothermal process. The adsorption activation energy (E_a), ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS values calculated were 18.56 kJ·mol^?1, ‐5.99 kJ·mol^?1, 16.38 kJ·mol^?1, and 37.36, J·mol^?1·K^?1, respectively. The chelating resin could be easily regenerated by 2% thiourea in 0.1 mol·L^?1 HCl with higher effectiveness. Five adsorption–desorption cycles demonstrated that this resin was suitable for repeated use without considerable change in adsorption capacity. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1646–1652, 2004     

Synthesis of polystyrene‐supported glucosamine resin and its adsorption properties for metal ions

A novel chelating resin polystyrene‐supported glucosamine was prepared by the reaction of chloromethylated polystyrene with glucosamine hydrochlorate, using anhydrous potassium carbonate as catalyst and dimethylformamide as solvent. Infrared spectra and elementary analysis were used to confirm its structure. The adsorption of the resin for Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Hg²⁺, Co²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺ was investigated, as well as various factors affecting the adsorption such as time, temperature, ion concentration, and pH. The results showed that the resin had good adsorption capacities for Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Hg²⁺. The adsorption was controlled by liquid film diffusion and adsorption isothermal data could be well interpreted by the Freundlich equation. Values of adsorption activation energy and adsorption Gibbs free energy were calculated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 890–896, 2005     

Adsorptive removal of technetium‐99 using macroporous poly(GMA‐co‐EGDMA) modified with diethylene triamine

The possibility of sorption of technetium‐99 in the form of pertechnetate anion (TcO₄^?) and the sorption kinetics for removing TcO₄^? from aqueous solution by chelating polymers based on glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) were investigated. Two samples of macroporous crosslinked poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (PGME), with different amount of the crosslinker (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, EGDMA), were synthesized by suspension copolymerization and functionalized with diethylene triamine (deta). We propose that nonspecific sorption of pertechnetate anion via electrostatic interactions takes place at the protonated amino groups of macroporous crosslinked copolymer. The results of batch experiments performed at pH 1–14 showed fast sorption kinetics for removing TcO₄^? by amino‐functionalized PGME‐deta in a wide range of pH, that is, from 1.0 to 9.0. Almost complete removal of TcO₄^? (91–98%) was reached within 180 min in the stated pH range (1.0–9.0), with the sorption half‐times of under 25 min. The partitioning coefficients of linear adsorption isotherms, with 180‐min equilibrium time, reach the high values of 2130 mL g^?1 and 1698 mL g^?1 for the two samples of synthesized PGME‐deta. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Synthesis and characterization of polystyrene‐supported glucosamine resin and its adsorption behavior for Au(III)

A novel chelating resin, crosslinking polystyrene‐supported glucosamine (PS‐GA), was prepared and its structure was confirmed by FTIR, elemental analysis, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The adsorption properties of PS‐GA for Au(III) were investigated. PS‐GA resin possessed excellent enriching property to Au(III) ions and adsorption proportion E% could reach to about 90 shortly after 3 h. The adsorption dynamics of Au(III) showed that the adsorption was controlled by liquid film diffusion and the apparent activation energy E_a was 12.91 kJ mol^?1. Both Langmuir model and Freundlich model could describe the isothermal process of Au(III), and ΔG, ΔH, ΔS values were calculated. The mechanism of adsorption for Au(III) was confirmed by FTIR, SEM, and XPS. The results showed that redox reaction occurred and both coordination and ion‐exchange existed simultaneously in the adsorption. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4581–4586, 2006     

Preparation of poly(vinyl amine)‐grafted crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) microspheres

Crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (CPVA) microspheres were first prepared via the suspension polymerization of vinyl acetate and the alcoholysis of poly(vinyl acetate). Afterwards, a two‐step method involving graft polymerization and Hofmann degradation was used to prepare functional poly(vinyl amine)‐grafted crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAm–CPVA) microspheres, onto which poly(vinyl amine) (PVAm) macromolecules were grafted. The graft polymerization of acrylamide (AM) on CPVA microspheres was performed with cerium salt as the initiator in an acidic aqueous medium, resulting in polyacrylamide (PAM)‐grafted CPVA microspheres. Subsequently, the grafted PAM was transformed into PVAm via the Hofmann degradation reaction, and PVAm–CPVA microspheres were prepared. The effects of the main factors on the graft polymerization and Hofmann degradation were examined, and the reaction mechanisms were researched in depth. The experimental results showed that for the graft polymerization of AM on CPVA microspheres initiated by cerium salt, the acid concentration and the amount of cerium salt affected the grafting degree of PAM greatly. For the Hofmann degradation reaction of the grafted PAM, the amination degree of PVAm–CPVA microspheres was obviously affected by the amount of sodium hypochlorite in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The preliminary adsorption tests showed that PVAm–CPVA microspheres were multifunctional and had strong adsorption ability for Fe(III) ions by chelation action and for chromate ions (CrO) by strong electrostatic interactions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Methylamino‐group‐modified hypercrosslinked polystyrene resin for the removal of phenol from aqueous solution

Chemical modification was performed for macroporous crosslinked chloromethylated polystyrene. The obtained HJ‐K01 resin was used to remove phenol from aqueous solution, and its adsorption behaviors for phenol were compared with commercial Amberlite XAD‐4. The results indicate that methylamino groups were successfully uploaded onto the surface of the HJ‐K01 resin and the adsorption capacity of phenol onto the HJ‐K01 resin was much larger than that onto XAD‐4. Furthermore, the original phenol solution was suitable for the adsorption, the adsorption isotherms could be fitted by the Freundlich model, and its kinetic curves could be characterized by a pseudo‐second‐order rate equation. The fixed‐bed column adsorption demonstrated that the HJ‐K01 resin was an excellent resin for the removal of phenol. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Selective separation and concentration of Pd(II) from Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) ions using thiourea‐formaldehyde resin

Thiourea‐formaldehyde (TUF), a well‐known chelating resin, has been synthesized and it was used in the adsorption, selective separation, and concentration of Pd(II) ions from Fe(III), Co(II) Ni(II), and Cu(II) base metal ions. The composition of the synthesized resin was determined by elemental analysis. The effect of initial acidity/pH and the adsorption capacity for Pd(II) ions were studied by batch technique. The adsorption and separation of Pd(II) were then examined by column technique. FTIR spectra and SEM/EDS analysis were also recorded before and after the adsorption of Pd(II). The optimum pH was found to be 4 for the adsorption. The adsorption data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity of the TUF resin for Pd(II) ions was found to be 31.85 mg g⁻¹ (0.300 mmol g⁻¹). Chelating mechanism was effective in the adsorption. Pd(II) ions could be separated efficiently from Fe(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) ions using TUF resin. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Dithiocarbamate functionalized Al(OH)3‐polyacrylamide adsorbent for rapid and efficient removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II)

Heavy metal ions such as Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ impose a significant risk to the environment and human health due to their high toxicity and non‐degradable characteristics. Herein, Al(OH)₃‐polyacrylamide chemically modified with dithiocarbamates (Al‐PAM‐DTCs) was synthesized using formaldehyde, diethylenetriamine, carbon disulfide, and sodium hydroxide for rapid and efficient removal of Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺. The synthesized adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis, and transmission electron microscope measurements. Al‐PAM‐DTCs showed rapid removal of Cu²⁺ (<30 min) and Pb²⁺ (<15 min) with high adsorption capacities of 416.959 mg/g and 892.505 mg/g for Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ respectively. Al‐PAM‐DTCs also had high capacities in removing suspended solids and metal ions simultaneously in turbid bauxite suspensions. FTIR, thermodynamic study, and elemental mapping were used to determine the adsorption mechanism. The rapid, convenient, and effective adsorption of Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ indicated that Al‐PAM‐DTCs has great potential for practical applications in purification of other heavy metal ions from aquatic systems. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45431.     

Synthesis and properties of novel poly(coumarin‐amide)s

A novel monomer diacid, 6,6′‐methylenebis(2‐oxo‐2H‐chromene‐3‐carboxylic acid), was synthesized and used in a direct polycondensation reaction with various aromatic diamines in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone solution containing dissolved LiCl and CaCl₂, using triphenyl phosphite and pyridine as condensing agents to give a series of novel heteroaromatic polyamides containing photosensitive coumarin groups in the main chain. Polyamide properties were investigated by DSC, TGA, GPC, wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, viscosity, and solubility measurements. The copolymers were soluble in aprotic polar solvents, and their inherent viscosities varied between 0.49 and 0.78 dL g^?1. The weight‐average and number‐average molecular weights, measured by gel permeation chromatography, were 27,500–43,900 g mol^?1 and 46,500–66,300 g mol^?1, respectively, and polydispersities in the range of 1.48–1.69. The aromatic polyamides showed glass‐transition temperatures (T_g) ranging from 283 to 329°C and good thermal properties evidenced by no significant weight loss up to 380°C and 10% weight loss recorded above 425°C in air. All the polyamides exhibited an amorphous nature as evidenced by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and demonstrated a film forming capability. Water uptake values up to 3.35% were observed at 65% relative humidity. These polymers exhibited strong UV‐vis absorption maxima at 357–369 nm in DMSO solution, and no discernible photoluminescence maxima were detected by exciting with 365 nm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Preparation and characterization of degradable cellulose‐based macroporous resin

In this paper, a macroporous cellulose resin (toluene diisocyanate crosslinked cellulose, TCC) was prepared by using toluene diisocyanate crosslinking agent. Analyses of Fourier transform IR spectra confirmed a successful crosslinkage. Chemical shifts of ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance of TCC also proved the chemical structure. TCC was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the images showed porous characteristics and increased surface area. Based on the strong polarity of TCC, rutin was used to check static adsorption and desorption capabilities. The adsorption isotherms of TCC as well as commercial D101 and AB‐8 macroporous resin were compared and explained using the Freundlich equation. Dynamic adsorption was also examined, and the influence of feed flow rate and pH value on the breakthrough volume are discussed. The dynamic desorption of rutin from TCC was carried out and the influence of eluent concentration (ethanol concentration) on desorption rate was analysed. The results of adsorption and desorption of rutin revealed that TCC is a potential tool for separating strong polar organics especially flavone glycosides from plants. Based on the detection of cellulosic bacteria, TCC is superior to commercial macroporous resins in biodegradability. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Preparation and swelling behavior of macroporous poly(acrylamide‐co‐sodium methacrylate) superabsorbent hydrogels

Macroporous superabsorbent hydrogels (SAHs) composed of acrylamide (AAm) and sodium methacrylate (NMA) were prepared by aqueous solution polymerization in the presence of a glucose solution. Their swelling capacity was investigated as a function of the concentrations of the glucose solution, sodium methacrylate, crosslinker, initiator, and activator. The porosity of the poly(acrylamide‐co‐sodium methacrylate) superabsorbent hydrogels was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy. The SAHs were characterized by IR spectroscopy. To estimate the effect on the swelling behavior, three types of crosslinkers were employed: N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide, 1,4‐butanediol diacrylate, and diallyl phthalate. Network structural parameters such as initial swelling rate, swelling rate constant, and maximum equilibrium swelling were evaluated by water absorption measurement. The equilibrium water content (EWC%) of the AAm–NMA macroporous SAHs was found to be in the range of 93.31–99.68, indicating that these SAHs may have applications as biomaterials in the medicinal, pharmaceutical, and veterinary fields. Most of the SAHs prepared in this investigation followed non‐Fickian‐type diffusion, and few followed a case II– or super–case II‐type diffusion. The diffusion coefficients of these macroporous SAHs were investigated. Further, the swelling behavior of these SAHs also was investigated at different pHs and in different salt solutions and simulated biological fluids. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 3202–3214, 2006     

Synthesis of a novolac‐based 3‐aminopropylsiloxane resin and its application for the removal of Cu2+, Cr3+, and Ni2+ from electroplating wastewater

Novolac resin was modified with 3‐aminopropyltrimthoxysilane to obtain phenol‐formaldehyde‐aminopropylsiloxane resin (PF‐APS). Fourier transformation infra‐red spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, and pH‐metric titration were used to characterize PF‐APS. Its chemical formula was suggested to be C₁₄H_12.49N_0.1O₂Si_0.1. The resin shows high experimental metal ions uptake capacity within short time of equilibration. The metal capacity was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry to be 0.787 mEq Cu/g. Maximum separation efficiencies of Cu²⁺, Cr³⁺, and Ni²⁺ from aqueous solutions on PF‐APS were at pH 8.0 and time of stirring 60 min; 94.0%, 90.8%, 83.2%, respectively. No significant interference from the background ions Na⁺, Cl^?, and was observed on the separation process. The heavy metal ions were eluted using 0.01 mol L^?1 EDTA at 65°C releasing >94% of the separated metal ions. The method of separation was applied successfully to remove the heavy metal ions Cu²⁺, Cr³⁺, and Ni²⁺ from electroplating wastewater from Dekirnis, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40993.     

Synthesis and properties of fluorinated aromatic poly(amide imide)s based on 4,4′‐bis(4‐amino‐2‐trifluoromethylphenoxy)benzophenone and various bis(trimellitimide)s

A CF₃‐containing diamine, 4,4′‐bis(4‐amino‐2‐trifluoromethylphenoxy)benzophenone ( 2 ), was synthesized from 4,4′‐dihydroxybenzophenone and 2‐chloro‐5‐nitrobenzotrifluoride. Imide‐containing diacids ( 3 and 5B_a – 5B_g ) were prepared by the condensation reaction of aromatic diamines and trimellitic anhydride. Then, two series of novel soluble aromatic poly(amide imide)s (PAIs; 6A_a – 6A_k and 6B_a – 6B_g ) were synthesized from a diamine ( 4A_a – 4A_k or 2 ) with the imide‐containing diacids ( 3 and 5B_a – 5B_g ) via direct polycondensation with triphenyl phosphate and pyridine. The aromatic PAIs had inherent viscosities of 0.74–1.76 dL/g. All of the synthesized polymers showed excellent solubility in amide‐type solvents, such as N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone and N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc), and afforded transparent and tough films by DMAc solvent casting. These polymer films had tensile strengths of 90–113 MPa, elongations at break of 8–15%, and initial moduli of 2.0–2.9 GPa. The glass‐transition temperatures of the aromatic PAIs were in the range 242–279°C. They had 10% weight losses at temperatures above 500°C and showed excellent thermal stabilities. The 6B series exhibited less coloring and showed lower yellowness index values than the corresponding 6A series. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102:3641–3653, 2006     

Synthesis of chemically modified chitosan with 2,5‐dimercapto‐1,3,4‐thiodiazole and its adsorption abilities for Au(III), Pd(II), and Pt(IV)

A new chemically modified chitosan hydrogel with 2,5‐dimercapto‐1,3,4‐thiodiazole (CTS‐DMTD) has been synthesized. The structure of CTS‐DMTD was confirmed by elemental analysis and FTIR. It was found that adsorption capacities were significantly affected by the pH of solution, with optimum pH values of 3.0 for Au(III), 2.0 for Pd(II) and Pt(IV). The saturated adsorption capacities were 198.5 mg/g for Au(III), 16.2 and 13.8 mg/g for Pd(II) and Pt(IV), respectively. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm adsorption models were applied to analyze the experimental data. The results showed that adsorption isotherms of Pd(II) and Pt(IV) could be well described by the Langmuir equation. The adsorption kinetic investigations indicated that the kinetic data correlated well with the pseudo‐second‐order model. The recovery experimental data showed that CTS‐DMTD had a higher affinity toward Au(III), Pd(II), and Pt(IV) in the coexistence system containing Cu(II), Fe(III), Cd(II), Ni(II), Mg(II), and Zn(II). The studies of desorption were carried out using various reagents and the optimum effect was obtained using thiourea. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Synthesis,characterization, and in vitro drug release study of 3‐arm poly‐β‐alanine

Synthesis of three arms star‐shaped poly‐β‐alanine (3‐b‐ala) based on tri(prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yl) benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylate (TBT) and azido terminated poly‐β‐alanine (N₃‐P‐ala) was performed using click reaction. TBT was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution reaction between propargyl alcohol and 1,3,5‐benzenetricarbonyltrichloride. For the first time, N₃‐P‐ala was synthesized through anionic polymerization of acrylamide using sodium azide as an initiator. TBT was characterized by FT‐IR and ¹HNMR. N₃‐p‐ala was characterized by FT‐IR, GPC, and ¹HNMR and 3‐b‐ala was characterized by FT‐IR, GPC, ¹HNMR, TGA, and XRD. The synthesized 3‐b‐ala was used for drug loading and releasing studies. Polymer loaded drug (3‐b‐ala‐D) hybrid was used in in vitro studies of drug (Diclofenac sodium) release in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at 37 ± 0.5°C and pH 7.4. The drug loading and releasing studies were analyzed by UV‐visible spectrophotometer. 3‐b‐ala‐D was examined by AFM to analyze the surface morphology and roughness. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42124.     

Synthesis,characterization, and properties of polychelates of poly(styrene sulfonic acid‐co‐maleic acid) with Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II)

Polymer metal complexes of poly(styrene sulfonic acid‐co‐maleic acid) and Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Zn(II) were synthesized. The magnetic, spectral, and thermal properties, as well as the electrical conductivities, of the chelates were investigated, and possible structures were assigned to the polychelates. Semiempirical calculations at the AM1 level were carried out on the geometrical arrangement of the polychelates. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 2546–2551, 2002