丁腈橡胶/聚甲醛(POM)共混物的研究

研究了丙烯腈含量、橡塑比和硫化体系等对NBR／POM共混物性能的影响。结果表明：NBR中丙烯腈含量增加，共混物的拉伸强度显著提高；随着POM用量增加，共混物的拉伸强度变化不大，而撕裂强度明显提高，伸长率下降，硬度有规律的增加，耐油性能有所改善；选用过氧化物硫化体系或低硫高促硫化体系制备的NBR／POM二元共混物的性能较好。     

TCY／硫黄对ACM／NBR并用胶的交联作用

从混炼胶的硫化特性和硫化胶物理性能等方面考察了三聚硫氰酸（ＴＣＹ）、硫黄和ＴＣＹ／硫黄对丙烯酸酯橡胶（ＡＣＭ）、丁腈橡胶（ＮＢＲ）及其并用胶的交联作用。结果表明,ＴＣＹ／硫黄硫化体系适用于ＡＣＭ／ＮＢＲ并用胶、并用胶的物理性能达到甚至超过了两种胶料的物理性能的加和水平;ＡＣＭ／ＮＢＲ共混并用,加工性能得到明显改善     

Dicumyl peroxide cross‐linking of nitrile rubbers with different content in acrylonitrile

The scope of this article is the study of peroxide curing of two nitrile rubbers with low and high nitrile content. The peroxide efficiency can be much higher than one, and the polymer structure determines the mechanism of cross‐linking. In the rubber with low nitrile content, the peroxide radical may give rise to a polymerization reaction between adjacent double bonds generating a heterogeneous network with a negative effect on the vulcanizate properties. On the contrary, in the nitrile rubber with high nitrile content, this negative effect it is not present or is present to a lesser extent, and their vulcanizates show good physical properties. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1–5, 2005     

Effects of peroxide and phenolic cure systems on characteristics of the filled ethylene–propylene–diene monomer rubber (EPDM)

The effects of three curing systems, peroxide, peroxide–phenolic combination, and phenolic on selected properties of cured carbon black‐filled ethylene–propylene–diene monomer rubber (EPDM) were investigated. The cured rubbers immersed in hot amine solution to evaluate their suitability for seal and gasket industry at elevated temperature and amine environments. These tests were essential for evaluating the durability of the gasket in a gas refinery. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrums revealed that the phenolic crosslink was constructed between rubber macromolecules during the curing process. The changing curing system from peroxide to peroxide–phenolic and phenolic increased the glass transition temperature of the filled cured rubbers between 3 and 5 °C. There was not any significant difference between thermogravimetric analysis thermographs of the selected cured rubbers with various cure systems and the residues ranged between 45% and 47%. Unlike of peroxide curing system, a dual phase was observed from scanning electron microscopy micrographs for peroxide–phenolic and phenolic cure systems. The phenolic cure system was not beneficial for rubber curing although, it reduced scorch time of the curing process. For the most studied mechanical properties, phenolic cure system deteriorated mechanical properties for both, aged and unaged cured rubbers. Increasing the amount of diene monomer in EPDM structure was beneficial for phenolic rubber cure system. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46213.     

硫化体系对NBR/PCMO共混物性能的影响

研究不同硫化体系对NBR／氯化聚醚(PCMO)共混物性能的影响。试验结果表明，低硫高促硫化体系共混物硫化胶的耐热空气老化性能较好，复合硫化体系共混物硫化胶的压缩永久变形性能最佳；过氧化物硫化体系中硫化剂DCP用量为3．5份，甲基丙烯酸锌[Zn(MMA)2]／DCP硫化体系中Zn(MMA)2用量为10份、硫化剂DCP用量为     

硫黄用量对NBR/CM并用胶性能的影响

研究在硫黄/过氧化物硫化体系下硫黄用量对NBR/氯化聚乙烯橡胶(CM)性能的影响。结果表明,随着硫黄用量的增大,NBR/CM并用胶的交联密度增大,硫化速率先增大后减小;硫化胶的100%定伸应力呈下降趋势,拉伸强度、拉断伸长率、浸油前后的质量变化率和体积变化率均先增大后减小,撕裂强度和压缩永久变形呈增大趋势,耐磨性能提高,耐热空气老化性能下降;当硫黄用量为0.8份时,NBR/CM并用胶的综合性能较好。     

原位合成甲基丙烯酸锂增强丁腈橡胶的性能和结构

讨论了在过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)的作用下,氢氧化锂和甲基丙烯酸在混炼过程中原位生成的甲基丙烯酸锂(LiMA)增强丁腈橡胶(NBR)的性能和结构。结果表明,原位生成LiMA对NBR有较明显的增强作用,随着LiMA生成量的增加,NBR硫化胶的邵尔A硬度、100%定伸应力和撕裂强度逐渐增加,拉伸强度和扯断伸长率呈现先上升后下降的趋势;在DCP的作用下,LiMA可显著提高NBR的硫化速率及硫化程度,硫化速率与LiMA生成量呈线性增加关系;随着LiMA生成量的增加,NBR硫化胶的总相对交联密度、离子键相对交联密度增加,而共价键相对交联密度有所下降,说明LiMA改变了NBR的结构。     

Properties of ASA/SAN/NBR ternary blends: effect of AN content in NBR

Abstract

Nitrile–butadiene rubbers (NBRs) with different acrylonitrile (AN) contents were used to toughen acrylonitrile–styrene–acrylic terpolymer/styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer (ASA/SAN) blends. The properties of the ASA/SAN/NBR ternary blends were investigated via dynamic mechanical analysis, heat distortion temperature, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of AN content in NBR on physical properties, heat resistance and morphology of the ternary blends were studied. Heat distortion temperature of the blends decreased with increasing AN content of NBR. The impact strength reached the maximum value when 20 phr NBR with 26 wt-%AN content was added. Images (SEM) were in accordance with results of mechanical properties.     

受阻酚抗氧剂对NBR/WCB共混胶耐热老化性能的影响

研究了抗氧剂2-叔丁基-6-(3-特丁基-2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)-4-甲基苯酚丙烯酸酯(简称GM)、抗氧剂264和抗氧剂2246对NBR/WCB共混胶的硫化特性、力学性能和耐热老化性能的影响,并通过TG分析表征NBR/WCB共混胶的耐热稳定性。结果表明,与抗氧剂264和抗氧剂2246相比,抗氧剂GM对NBR/WCB共混胶具有防止焦烧、加快硫化速度和软化胶料的作用。添加抗氧剂GM的共混胶比加入抗氧剂264和2246的共混胶具有更优异的耐热老化性能。TG分析表明,在3种抗氧剂中,加入抗氧剂GM的NBR/WCB共混胶的耐热稳定性最高。     

不同硫化体系对环保型硬丁腈橡胶性能的影响

以松香酸皂与油酸皂组成的复合乳化体系制备的中试产品丁腈橡胶(NBR)为基胶,分别用硫黄体系和过氧化物体系进行硫化,研究了NBR混炼胶的硫化特性和硫化胶的物理机械性能、耐老化性能、耐油及耐寒性能,并与传统产品NBR 3604进行了比较。结果表明,采用硫黄体系时,NBR混炼胶的硫化程度较浅,硫化速率较慢;采用过氧化物体系时,NBR混炼胶的硫化程度较深,硫化速率较快,NBR胶料宜采用过氧化物硫化体系进行硫化;2种硫化体系下制得NBR硫化胶的物理机械性能与NBR3604硫化胶相差不大,过氧化物硫化体系制得NBR硫化胶的耐老化性能较好;与NBR 3604硫化胶相比,2种硫化体系下制得NBR硫化胶的耐寒性稍好,耐油性稍差。     

CPE/NBR并用胶硫化体系的研究

讨论了硫化反应活化能与并用胶性能之间的关系。根据阿累尼乌斯公式，求出ＣＰＥ／ＮＢＲ并用胶硫化反应活化能。结果发现，当该活化能与ＣＰＥ或ＮＢＲ单一胶相在同一硫化体系下硫化的活化能十分接近时，并用胶的物性可以达到两种胶料物性的加和水平。硫脲一硫黄—超速促进剂硫化体系适用于ＣＰＥ／ＮＢＲ并用胶，当并用比为８０：２０时，硫化胶具有良好的耐油性和强伸性能。     

Study on the damping of EVM based blends

The mechanical and damping properties of blends of ethylene‐vinyl acetate rubber(VA content >40 wt %) (EVM)/nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and EVM/ethylene‐propylene‐diene copolymer (EPDM), both with 1.4 phr BIPB (bis (tert‐butyl peroxy isopropyl) benzene) as curing agent, were investigated by DMA. The effect of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) on the damping and mechanical properties of both rubber blends were studied. The results showed that in EVM/EPDM/PVC blends, EPDM was immiscible with EVM and could not expand the damping range of EVM at low temperature. PVC was miscible with EVM and dramatically improved the damping property of EVM at high temperature while keeping good mechanical performance. In EVM/NBR/PVC blends, PVC was partially miscible with EVM/NBR blends and remarkably widened the effective damping temperature range from 41.1°C for EVM/NBR to 62.4°C, while CPVC mixed EVM/NBR blends had an expanded effective damping temperature range of 63.5°C with only one damping peak. Curing agents BIPB and DCP had a similar influence on EVM/EPDM blends. DCP, however, dramatically raised the height of tan δ peak of EVM/NBR = 80/20 and expanded its effective damping temperature range to 64.9°C. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

宇航结构胶的发展概况

结构胶黏剂的优异性能使其在宇航领域得到了广泛的应用。主要阐述了结构胶黏剂的发展概况及我国在宇航用结构胶黏剂方面的开发历程和主要成就。结构胶黏剂的发展分为三个阶段,先后为（1）酚醛树脂体系;（2）尼龙-环氧树脂体系;（3）丁腈、聚砜、双马来酰亚胺等改性环氧树脂体系。介绍了我国高中低温多固化体系、胶液、胶膜多品种的开发及其在我国各系列飞机、神州系列航天飞船、嫦娥卫星等的应用情况。     

Direct adhesion of fluorinated rubbers to nickel-plated steel and nitrile rubber during curing using the tetrabutylammonium salt of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trithiol

A new curing agent, the tetrabutylammonium salt of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trithiol (TATT) for fluorinated rubber (FR) has been developed, from the point of view of making composite materials with metals and other rubbers. TATT was inferior in curing rate compared with a conventional polyol curing system, but imparted good properties to FR vulcanizates to the same extent as the polyol curing system. TATT-containing FR compounds easily adhered to electro- and electroless nickel-plated metals during vulcanization without an adhesive. The optimum concentration of TATT was around 1 phr for the peel strength of joints and the mechanical properties of vulcanizates. At a thickness exceeding 0.3 μm, nickel platings were very effective for making FR-Ni joints. In the direct adhesion between FR and nickel platings, interfacial bonds and a reinforcing layer at the interface between vulcanizates and nickel platings during vulcanization were important for obtaining FR-Ni joints of high peel strength. The newly prepared FR-Ni joints had very good heat, oil, and water resistance, compared with conventional FR-Fe joints prepared by using phenol-type adhesives. TATT was also a very effective agent for the direct adhesion between FR and NBR (nitrile butadiene rubber) during vulcanization because it acted as a common curing agent to various rubbers such as FR and NBR. Thus, TATT is a very effective curing agent for making composites of FR with various metals and elastomers.     

Influence of 1,2‐polybutadiene on properties of dicumyl peroxide cured brominated butyl rubber

Peroxide curing of brominated butyl rubber (BIIR) is an attractive topic, but the degradation of BIIR during the curing is a drawback needed to be overcome. Coagent assisted peroxide curing system is an attractive and effective choice in order to increase the crosslink density of rubbers. 1,2‐polybutadiene (1,2‐PB) is used as a crosslinking coagent for the curing of BIIR by dicumyl peroxide (DCP), and the effect of 1,2‐PB on the curing characteristics, crosslink density, and mechanical properties is investigated. The addition of 1,2‐PB affects the curing characteristics of BIIR compound and significantly increases the crosslink density of BIIR vulcanizates. With increasing 1,2‐PB content, the tensile strength and stresses at a given extension of BIIR vulcanizates increase, but the elongation at break decreases. A stress‐softening effect of the carbon black filled BIIR vulcanizates is observed and becomes more pronounced with increasing 1,2‐PB content. The addition of 1,2‐PB increases the stress relaxation index of BIIR. GPC and ¹³C‐NMR results indicate 1,2‐PB participates in the crosslinking reaction, and the existence of 1,2‐PB component in the insoluble fraction of BIIR/1,2‐PB vulcanizates is confirmed by solid‐state ¹³C‐NMR. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43280.     

三元共聚尼龙/聚氯乙烯/丁腈橡胶三元共混弹性体研究

选择三元共聚尼龙（PA），聚氯乙烯（PVC）和丁腈橡胶（NBR）为主体材料，采用高温机械共混，化学交联工艺制得了PA／PVC／NBR三元共混弹性体，探讨了PA／NBR，POM／NBR，PVC／NBR，HMWPVC／NBR三元共混体系性能，重点讨论了PA／PVC／NBR共混比，不同硫化体系，有机过氧物DCP用量等因素对PA／PVC／NBR三元共混弹性体性能的影响，实验结果表明：选择适宜配方制得力学性能和耐油耐溶剂性能较好的PA／PVC／NBR三元共混弹性体，扫描电镜的实验结果证实m(PA):m(PVC):m(NBR)=10:30:60和m(PA):m(PVC):m(NBR)=30:10:60两个体系的三元共混弹性体均具有较好的相容性，且前者的相容性更好。     

Modeling of chemical kinetics of elastomer/hydroxyl‐ and carboxyl‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites' cross‐linking

Several kinds of (hydrogenated) nitrile elastomer ((H)NBR) compounds were prepared by melt compounding of rubbers with carbon nanotubes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the exfoliation degree of nanotubes was high. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were either neat or modified by hydroxyl or carboxyl groups. Morphology was also characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cure kinetics of (H)NBR and modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes ((m‐)MWCNT/(H)NBR) nanocomposites was studied. It was found that the apparent curing and over‐cure activation energies (E_A and E_A,1) increased with the increasing amount of (m‐)MWCNT. There was a less obvious change in the apparent orders of curing reactions. The results of n‐th order and autocatalytic kinetic model showed that any studied content of (m‐)MWCNT could increase effective thermal conductivity, but decreased the vulcanization rate of (m‐)MWCNT/(H)NBR nanocomposites. Finally, the effect of (m‐)MWCNT content and functionalization on tensile mechanical properties was presented. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Effect of dynamic vulcanization on properties and morphology of nylon/SAN/NBR blends: A new compatibilization method of nylon/ABS blends

Dynamically vulcanized blends of nylon, styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN), and nitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) were examined for mechanical properties, Shore D hardness, Vicat softening temperature, impact process, and phase morphology. The effect of a curing system such as phenolic formaldehyde resins (PF), dicumylperoxide (DCP), and a sulfur system on the mechanical properties of the nylon/SAN/NBR blends was studied, and dynamic vulcanization with a PF system was found to lead to outstanding toughness of the blends. The effect of PF content on the mechanical properties, Shore D hardness, and heat resistance of the nylon/SAN/NBR blends was also investigated. With increasing PF content the notched‐impact strength and Vicat softening temperature (VST) of the nylon/SAN/NBR (50/25/25) blends evidently improved, but tensile strength and Shore D hardness of the blends changed slightly. It can be concluded that the nylon/SAN/NBR (50/25/25) blends dynamically vulcanized by high‐content PF can attain excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, especially supertoughness, at room temperature. SEM was used to investigate the effect of dynamic vulcanization on disperse‐phase particle size, particle size distribution, and phase morphology. It was obvious that disperse‐phase particle size decreased with an increasing PF content. Thermal behavior and miscibility of dynamically vulcanized nylon/SAN/NBR with PF were investigated by DMTA. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 2057–2062, 2003     

动态硫化NBR/PVC共混物性能的研究

介绍了以丁腈橡胶为主体材料,采用动态硫化法制备共混热塑性弹性体的方法,考查了橡塑比、动态硫化温度、填料用量等因素对热塑性弹性体力学性能的影响,研究了加入不同量白炭黑所得TPV的微观相态结构.     

DMA analysis of the damping of ethylene–vinyl acetate/acrylonitrile butadiene rubber blends

The mechanical and damping properties of blends of ethylene–vinyl acetate rubber (VA content > 40% wt) (EVM)/acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), with 1.4 phr BIPB [bis (tert‐butyl peroxy isopropyl) benzene] as curing agent, were investigated by DMA and DSC. The effect of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), silica, carbon black, and phenolic resin (PF) as a substitute curing agent, on the damping and mechanical properties of EVM/NBR blends were studied. The results showed that 10 phr CPVC did not contribute to the damping of EVM700/NBR blends; Silica could dramatically improve the damping of EVM700/NBR blends because of the formation of bound rubber between EVM700/NBR and silica, which appeared as a shoulder tan δ peak between 20 and 70°C proved by DMA and DSC. This shoulder tan δ peak increased as the increase of the content of EVM in EVM/NBR blends. The tensile strength, modulus at 100% and tear strength of the blend with SiO₂ increased while the elongation at break and hardness decreased comparing with the blend with CB. PF, partly replacing BIPB as the curing agent, could significantly improve the damping of EVM700/NBR to have an effective damping temperature range of over 100°C and reasonable mechanical properties. Among EVM600, EVM700, and EVM800/NBR/silica blend system, EVM800/NBR/silica blend had the best damping properties. The EVM700/NBR = 80/10 blend had a better damping property than EVM700/NBR = 70/20. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012